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1. ‘I/6 Saudi-Arabia Miscellaneous’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and papers relating to miscellaneous affairs in Saudi Arabia, as reported to or by the Political Agent at Kuwait:In 1937, the formation of the Nejdi Motor Car Company, a concession set up to convey pilgrims between Nejd, Hasa [al-Aḥsā’], and the Hejaz. Papers include a translation of an announcement of the formation of the new company, published in Saut al Hejazon 15 Rabi’ al-awwal 1356 (corresponding to 25 May 1937) (ff 2-5).In November 1939, the distribution and use of the Saudi riyal (ff 7-9).In December 1939, the status of three islands in the Persian Gulf (Fasht al Jārim, Khor Fasht [Khawr Fasht], and Jazirat Chaschus [Kaskūs]), to which the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) had sent a technical party (ff 12-14).In December 1939, reports on water supplies for agriculture at Kharj (ff 16-21).affairs in Saudi Arabia during the Second World War, including food shortages and reportedly ineffective food controls (ff 29-41).A translation of Saudi Arabian Nationality Regulation No. 3, originally published by the Government of Saudi Arabia in Umm al Quraon 24 Shawwāl 1357 (equivalent to 16 December 1938) (ff 43-46).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 47; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-46; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
2. 'Mesopotamia: Assyrian refugees at Baqubah. Note by Captain G S Reed, dated 1 July 1919'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a document by Captain G S Reed which provides an overview of the history of the Assyrian Christians in Urmia and the circumstances that led to their mass exodus to Baqubah in 1918. Reed also details the difficulties of the repatriation of these refugees back to Urmia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 61, and terminates at f 62, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
3. 'Mesopotamia Administration Committee. Note by Sir James Meston, KCSI, on the future system of government at Baghdad.'
- Description:
- Abstract: In this note, Sir James Meston, the Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, contests the idea that Baghdad should be brought under British control in any way. Meston warns that trying to control the area, particularly any Holy Places, would likely offend the Muslim population and cause significant resentment towards the British.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 143, and terminates at f 143, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
4. 'File 2/5 Pilgrims: Precautions for Haj and others'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains letters and correspondence between the India Office in London, the Foreign Office, the Political Residency in the Gulf, the British Embassy at Jeddah, the British Embassy at Baghdad, the Government of Bahrain, and the Political Agent at Bahrain. The main subjects are: statistics and arrangements for pilgrims to travel to Mecca, medical requirements, compulsory vaccinations against cholera, smallpox, and Yellow Fever.The file also contains:printed report of the 1945 Pilgrimage (ff 28B-35);printed report of the 1946 Pilgrimage (ff 39-48).The file contains copies of two notices from the Government of Bahrain and from the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in Arabic and English.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 116; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-80; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. The file contains the following anomalies: 28; 28A; 28B.
5. 'File No. II/9 Foreign Dept Memoranda of Information re. affairs in Persian Gulf, Maskat & Arabian Shore of the Persian Gulf. Nov '07 - Dec '08.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume mainly comprises printed reports for each month from October 1905 to December 1908 entitled 'Memoranda of information received during the month ... regarding external affairs relating to the Persian Gulf, Muscat and Arabian shore of the Persian Gulf'. The memoranda are dated and despatched from the Foreign Department of the Government of India.Topics covered in the memoranda include:arms trade at Muscat with Afghansproposed appointment of Italian consul at MuscatMuscat trade reportpiracy committed on a dhow near KuwaitNajd affairs and relations with the Ruler of Najd (Ibn Sa'ud)mining of red oxide on Abu Musa and Sirri islandsovercrowding of pilgrim ships in the Persian Gulfquarantine arrangements for the Persian Gulfpearling industry in the Persian Gulfnative dhows at Lingah flying the German flaglighting in the Persian Gulfinstallation of wireless telegraphy on vessels in the Persian GulfThe file ends with an acknowledgement by the Political Agent, Kuwait (William George Grey) of receipt of the Memoranda of Affairs from the Political Agent, Kuwait (William Henry Irvine Shakespear).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 65; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-64; these numbers are also written in pencil but, where circled, are crossed through.
6. 'File 53/1915 Pt 2 German War: Turkey; the Caliphate and Pan-Arab movement'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the war with Germany and Turkey and implications for the Caliphate and the pan-Arab movement. The discussion in the volume relates specifically to the view of the Government of India on Sir Henry Arthur McMahon's correspondence and negotiations with Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, Grand Sharif of Mecca. Also included are the views of Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes.The volume includes the text of the Grand Sharif's letter and the text of Sir Henry McMahon's reply. Further discussion surrounds the advance on Baghdad, the protection of Muslim shrines and the deferment of any public pronouncement until the city had been captured by British forces.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Secretary of State for India; the Grand Sharif of Mecca (Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī) and the Viceroy (Charles Hardinge).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, subject headings, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 220; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
7. PZ 2791/33 'Arabia: Wakf properties in Saudi-Arabia for the use of Indian pilgrims'
- Description:
- Abstract: The discussion in the file relates to the use of wakf properties [waqf] (property donated by Islamic rulers for pious uses) in Jeddah and Mecca intended for Indian pilgrims. The British had information which led them to believe such properties were being used as private property but that they could be restored to the use intended by the donors.The Government of India's recommendation led to updated lists (ff 78-80; f 73) being compiled by the British Consul at Jeddah. Included in the file is a copy (ff 51-52) of the memorandum 'Indian Waqfs and analogous properties in the Hejaz' by HM Minister, Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan).The principal correspondents in the file are: the British Consul, Jedda; the Viceroy; and the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 40, and terminates at f 80, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 41-80; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
8. Coll 6/44 'Hejaz and Indian Muslims. Desecration of tombs by Wahabis, etc.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file compiles copies of appeals made by representatives of Indian Muslims to the British Government (and in one case, to the Shah of Persia [Reza Shah Pahlavi]), regarding the desecration of various holy buildings and monuments by Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd's] Wahabi forces. The nature of the appeals is twofold: appeals dating from 1930 request that the Viceroy of India (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood – referred to in the file as Lord Irwin, succeeded by Freeman Freeman-Thomas) use his influence on behalf of the British Government to urge Ibn Saud to reconstruct demolished shrines and monuments such as those at Janatul-Bakia [Jannat al-Baqīʿ]; later appeals, which date from 1933, call on the British Government to remain neutral regarding affairs in the Hejaz and Nejd, and to refrain from providing Ibn Saud with military, naval, or any other kind of assistance.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 31; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-29; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
9. Coll 6/78 'Italian propaganda amongst the Arabs.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file documents steps considered and taken by the British to combat reported Italian anti-British propaganda and disseminate pro-British propaganda in the Middle East and beyond.The file's principal correspondents are the following: His Majesty's Ambassador in Rome (Eric Drummond); the British Consul-General, Addis Ababa (Hugh Stonehewer Bird); His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires, Addis Ababa (Patrick Maxwell Roberts); the British Consul-General, Batavia (Henry Fitzmaurice); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Reader William Bullard); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.Included in the correspondence is discussion of the following:Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] views on Italian activities in the Middle East.The movements of Shakib Arslan of the Syria Palestine Islamic League, including his reported visit to Rome in November 1936.The Italian regime in Ethiopia (including its education system) and the effect of Italian propaganda on Ethiopia's Muslim population.Reports of the publication of a manifesto in Libya that claims for Mussolini the title of 'Protector of Islam'.Accounts of speeches and statements given by Mussolini regarding Italy's attitude towards Muslim populations.Reported Italian sympathies amongst the Arab population in Palestine.Reports of Italian-inspired anti-British propaganda in the Dutch East Indies (mainly in Java), and the possibility of counteracting its effect on the local Arab population by sending pro-British Arabic periodicals to influential Arab residents there (also considered is the possibility of sending visitors from the Persian Gulf to deliver pro-British lectures).Italian propaganda regarding the financial assistance provided by the Italian authorities for Ethiopian Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.Steps taken by the British authorities in Alexandria to combat anti-British propaganda in Egypt, which include establishing a pro-British magazine named Zahrat el Sharq.The Arabic language material consists of a copy of the first issue of the aforementioned magazine, Zahrat el Sharq, dated 18 July 1938 and mainly consisting of pro-British propaganda. The French language material consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a text which translates into English as 'Islam Policy of Italy'.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-229; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
10. File 4327/1911 Part 3 'Turco-Italian War: Muslim representations'
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 3 consists of correspondence relating to representations to the British Government by various Muslim groups and their supporters unhappy about Italian aggression during the Italo-Turkish War 1911-12. Many of the representations consisted of requests for intervention by the British against what was viewed as an attack on Muslim people and lands. Communications from many groups are present, including:the Punjab Muslim League [a branch of the All-India Muslim League];the directors of Jumna Mosque in Bombay;Muslims of Lahore;Muslims of Southern India;Muslims of London and their sympathisers;Muslims of Port Elizabeth, South Africa;Muslims of Kimberley, South Africa;the Indian Red Crescent Society;the London All-India Moslem League.There is further objection from such groups following Italian expansion of the war to the Dardanelles and Aegean Sea in April 1912.The correspondence includes the discussion between the Government of India, Foreign Office, and India Office over how to respond to the representations.Physical description: The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.The subject 4327 (Turco-Italian War) consists of one volume divided into four parts.
11. File 53/1915 Pt 3-4 'German War - The Caliphate'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the war with Germany and Turkey and implications for the Caliphate and the pan-Arab movement. The discussion in the volume relates specifically to the view of the Government of India on Sir Henry Arthur McMahon's correspondence and negotiations with Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, Grand Sharif of Mecca. The volume is divided into two parts. The first part (IOR/L/PS/10/525/1) is particularly focussed on discussion of negotiations with Jemal Pasha.Further discussion surrounds the advance on Baghdad, the protection of Muslim shrines and the deferment of any public pronouncement on the caliphate until Baghdad has been captured by British forces.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Secretary of State for India; the Viceroy (Charles Hardinge); and the Sherif of Mecca (Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī).The volume comprises parts 3-4 of 6 parts. Both parts include a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 273; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
12. File 3579/1916 'Turkey: the future of Constantinople'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers regarding the future of Constantinople [Instanbul]. It includes: India Office minute papers; copies of correspondence between the Foreign Office and Sir George Buchanan, HM Ambassador at Petrograd [St Petersburg], and other British diplomats; draft telegrams from the Secretary of State for India addressed to the Viceroy of India; correspondence between the India Office and the Foreign Office; and other papers. Some of the correspondence is in French.Issues discussed in the papers include: whether the Constantinople Agreement, concluded between the British, French and Russian governments in March 1915 (under the terms of which Constantinople and the Straits of the Dardanelles would be annexed to the Russian Empire), should be made public; the possible effect upon Muslims in India of the announcement of the agreement; and the question of the re-conversion of the St Sophia [Hagia Sophia] mosque in Constantinople into a Christian church.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 259; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves have not been foliated.
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