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25. 'File 2/1 II IRAQ PROPAGANDA. (Absorption of Kuwait by Iraq). Relations etc.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams, and confidential papers sent between British officials in the Gulf regarding Iraqi propaganda against Kuwait. Communications were made with former Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri Pasha al-Said and the Ruler of Kuwait, in this regard. The correspondence also contains reports about members of Al-Naqib family from Basra who were appointed as envoys from Baghdad with instructions to offer official advice to the Ruler of Kuwait. A particular name that appears in the volume is Sayid Hamid Bey Al-Naqib, Basra Deputy to the Ruler of Kuwait.The correspondence also discusses the following: the refusal by Ibn Saud of any form of unity between Iraq and Kuwait, the issue of encouraging Persian immigration to Kuwait, and the petitions raised by members of the Legislative Council in Kuwait, to the Political Agent, Kuwait, to assist in releasing political prisoners in Kuwait.The correspondence also contains letters and newspaper extracts regarding Khalid Sulaiman al-‘Adsani, Secretary of the dissolved Legislative Council in Kuwait, and about the Arab Youth movement called al-Ansar, which calls for Arab unity. Most of the correspondence in the volume (ff 2-136) is dated 1939.The main correspondence is between the British Embassy, Baghdad, the Political Agency, Kuwait, the Political Residency, Bushire, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, London, and the British Embassy, Jeddah.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 156; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-154; these numbers are also written in pencil, but, where circled, are crossed through.
26. 'File 11/46 Publicity in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between officials at the India Office, the Government of India's External Affairs Department and a number diplomatic posts in the Persian Gulf including the Political Agency in Muscat. The correspondence discusses British Government propaganda efforts (usually referred to as publicity or information work in the file) in the Persian Gulf and India.Much of the correspondence focuses on ideas concerning the production of a publicity film about the Persian Gulf (and a subsequent visit to the region made by a film crew from India) but various other propaganda activities and locations are also mentioned. In addition to this correspondence, the file contains the following related documents:Draft script for a film about the Persian Gulf (folios 9-18)'Suggested programme for the tour of the unit which is to make a film on the Persian Gulf' (folio 21)'Proceedings of a meeting held in the External Affairs Department at 11 a.m. on Tuesday the 20th February, 1945, to discuss the making of a documentary film of the Persian Gulf' (folios 24-26)Extract related to Bahrain from the BBC Arabic-language publication The Arab Listener(folio 36)Propaganda pamphlet entitled 'India, Some Questions and Answers' published in November 1944 (folios 51-60)'Note of a talk by the P.I.O. [Public Information Officer] Jerusalem, Mr Christopher Holme, on British Publicity in Palestine, and its relation to other functions of Government, given on March 13, 1945' (folios 63-68)'Security Education Handbook (Civilian)' Issued by the Department of Information and Broadcasting in collaboration with the Security Education Department of the Inter-Services Security Directorate, HQ India Command (folios 74-85)Publications Division, Information and Broadcasting Department Government of India, Progress Reports Nos. 19-21, 23 (folios 86-96, 103-106, 108-109)'Information and Publicity Work in Foreign Countries' Foreign Office Circular by Ernest Bevin, 15 January 1947 (folios 110-111)Foreign Office Information Newsletter Nos. 1-6, 9-12 (folios 112-137, 142-144).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 157; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-74; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
27. 'File 6/23 Communism (Including Soviet Broadcasts, Anti-Communistic Policy and Stalinism, etc)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains copies of anti-Communist publications and briefings that were produced by the Foreign Office and sent to British diplomatic posts throughout the Middle East including the Political Agency and Consulate in Muscat. It contains copies of the following documents:'Foundations of Stalinism' Foreign Office Memorandum, 1948 (folios 5-13)'Renewal of Atheist Propaganda in the U.S.S.R.' Confidential Foreign Office Note, 1948 (folios 15-16)'The Practice of Stalinism' Foreign Office Memorandum, 1948 (folios 24-29).On folio 3 the file contains the thoughts of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, William Rupert Hay, on anti-Communist propaganda policy in the Gulf.On folio 19 the file contains a letter in Arabic that was written to the Political Agency in Muscat by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Sa'id bin Taymur Al Bu Sa'id, in response to a letter concerning 'atheist propaganda' in the USSR.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 31; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
28. 'File 6/23 Communism (Including Soviet Broadcasts, Anti-Communistic Policy and Stalinism, Etc:)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding radio broadcasts from the USSR in the Near and Middle East.The correspondence in the file consists of a letter sent by the Foreign Office to a number of British diplomatic officials around the Middle East and responses to it from the Political Agency in Muscat and the Political Residency. The Foreign Office letter concerns ideas for countering the influence of Soviet radio broadcasts in the region and enquires what the influence of these broadcasts were in the officials' respective areas of jurisdiction.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 11; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
29. File 301/1921 'MESOPOTAMIA: INTELLIGENCE REPORTS'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains the Intelligence Reports of Sir Percy Cox, High Commissioner for Mesopotamia [also written as Iraq in this volume], based in Baghdad, covering the period 15 November 1920 to 15 September 1921. They largely relate to: the political situation in Mesopotamia and the surrounding region; the formation and proceedings of the provisional government; the events leading up to the creation of Mandatory Iraq [also known as the Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration] and the election and appointment of Faisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] as the first King of Iraq [Fayṣal I].The Intelligence Reports are numbered and appear to have been issued at two-week intervals. This volume contains the reports numbered 1-3, 9-19 and 21. There is no explanation in the volume regarding the reason for the absent reports. The format of the reports is a mixture of printed and copy typescript. Each report is preceded by a covering circular issued by the office of the High Commissioner indicating the British Government departments and the officers and departments in the Middle East to which the report was copied.Report Nos. 1-3 are preceded by an assessment of the political situation described in the Intelligence Report, written by Major R Marrs.The reports generally comprise the following sections:A summary of the report (from report No. 14 onwards only)An account of the proceedings of the Council of MinistersAnalysis of current public opinion and allegiances, (notably an analysis of public opinion on the Amir [Emir] Faisal and his arrival in Mesopotamia, including a reference to his 'personal magnetism', f 88), in report Nos 16-19Notes on provincial affairsNotes on the situation at the frontiersExtracts of 'Iraq Police Abstracts of Intelligence' (reports No. 9-14 only).Other subjects notably covered in various reports include:Assyrian, Armenian and Urumiyan [Urmian] refugees (report Nos. 2 and 19)Perceived foreign influences in Iraq (report Nos. 2 and 3)The withdrawal of Saiyid [Sayyid] Talib Pasha [Sayyid Ṭālib bin Rajab al-Naqīb] from the Government and Baghdad (report No. 12)Kurdistan (report Nos. 12-14)Turkish and Kurdish Frontiers (report No. 12)Dair al Zor [Deir ez-Zor] (report Nos. 1 and 12)Notes on 'Internal Affairs' (Nos. 18 and 19)Analysis of the referendum result which confirmed the election of Faisal as Iraq's first monarch (report No. 19)The formation of King Faisal's first cabinet (report No. 21).Appendices are included with some reports, usually comprising copies of the High Commissioner's proclamations or communications 'to the people of Iraq' or documents relevant to the particular report (notably 'Provisional scheme for the re-organisation of the law courts' and 'Report of the committee constituted for studying the irrigation problem in Mesopotamia' in report No. 9).Each report is concluded with a Supplement or Press Bureau Report, comprising extensive summaries and extracts of newspaper articles published in the local and 'foreign' (local region mainly) press. Notable publications cited are: Al 'Iraq, Al Fallah, Al Dijlah, and (Syrian publication) Lissan al 'Arab.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (front of the volume).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 284; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and two ending flyleaves. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly: f 267a.
30. Ext 5000/47/3 'Persian situation: miscellaneous reports'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains papers relating to the domestic political situation in Iran during 1949, and its international repercussions. In particular the papers discuss Perso-Soviet relations and Anglo-American fears of Soviet involvement with the Tudeh party in Iran. The papers also discuss various other matters, including the seven year economic development plan proposed by the Persian government, United Nations security council negotiations, embassy closures, and international radio propaganda from the Soviet Union. The papers are almost all diplomatic cables and dispatches forwarded between British legations in Tehran, Washington, and the Foreign Office in London.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 130; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. Ext 3974/41 'British propaganda in IRAQ'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence from HM Ambassador to Egypt, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, forwarding with comment a report written by Freya Stark and HE Bishop. The report discusses the available means of harnessing the aspirations of Arab nationalism in order to gain support for Britain, and turn opinion against Germany, in Iraq and across the wider Arab world.A list of correspondence references contained in the file appears on the front cover.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
32. Ext 5001/41 'PERSIA – INTERNAL (Miscellaneous despatches).'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of miscellaneous dispatches relating to internal affairs in Persia [Iran] during the occupation of the country by British and Soviet troops. The file begins with references to an Anglo-Soviet-Persian Treaty of Alliance, signed in January 1942, which followed the Anglo-Soviet invasion of the country in August-September 1941.Most of the dispatches are addressed by His Majesty's Minister (later Ambassador) at Tehran (Sir Reader William Bullard) to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Anthony Eden). The dispatches discuss political, financial and economic affairs in Persia, as well as issues regarding road and rail transport (for the transportation of foodstuffs), food supplies and press censorship,Related matters of discussion include the following:British concerns regarding the extent and effect of Axis propaganda in Persia and the Persian Government's response to it.Relations between the Shah [Muhammad Reza Khan] and successive Persian prime ministers, and the power and influence of the Majlis deputies.Anglo-Persian relations, and British concerns regarding Soviet policy in Persia.The Persian press's response to the Allied occupation.The Tehran conference in late November 1943, attended by Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin and Franklin D Roosevelt, who were also present at a dinner at the British Legation, held in celebration of Churchill's 69th birthday (also discussed is the naming of three streets in Tehran, after Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt respectively).The tribal situation in Persia.The raising of the status of the British Legation in Tehran to that of British Embassy in February 1943.The United States' interests in Persia.The status of Polish evacuees in Persia.The work of the British Council in Persia.The question of the withdrawal of Allied troops from Persia.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 124; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
33. Ext 5661/41 'Propaganda in Persia – economic incl. H.M.G.'s influence over Govt. formed in 1941.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to British propaganda (in the form of food packages, radio broadcasts and literature) in Persia [Iran] during the first few months of the British and Russian occupation of the country. It contains correspondence discussing the internal affairs of Persia from a British perspective, as relayed to the Foreign Office by His Majesty's Ambassador in Tehran (Sir Reader William Bullard). Other prominent correspondents include the Secretary of State for India (Leo Amery) and officials of the Foreign Office and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.Matters discussed include the following:Political affairs in Persia, including appointments, resignations, and Cabinet reshuffles.Food shortages in Persia and a proposed 'propaganda scheme', whereby the Government of India would supply Persia with around one ton of sugar, from which small boxes of sugar would be distributed to the poor.The administration of the ex-Shah's [Reza Shah Pahlavi] estates.Proposed subjects for British and Government of India propaganda directed towards Persia, such as the position of the new Shah and the benefits of abolishing conscription.Bullard's proposal that food packages sent to Persia by the British should include the statement '[s]upplied by the British Empire'.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 71; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
34. Ext 4357/41 'Axis Hindustani Broadcasts (Bagdad to Monitor Services)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is comprised of correspondence between the Government of India, the Ambassador in Baghdad, and the Foreign office regarding monitoring Axis Hindustani broadcasts and producing counter propaganda. Specifically, the correspondents discuss:German propaganda and allegations of British atrocities in Iraqthreat of a Nazi-Germany inspired Free Iraqi Governmentimproving the broadcast monitoring process by providing telediphones to monitors.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 12; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
35. PZ 1682/1940 'Propaganda: tour of the Middle East by Mr Rushbrook-Williams, Ministry of Information, for discussion of propaganda problems'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence relating to a tour of the Middle East by Laurence Frederic Rushbrook-Williams in 1940 to discuss propaganda problems in the area and improve the co-ordination of pro-British propaganda. The main correspondents in the file are Rushbrook-Williams (Adviser for Middle Eastern Affairs, Ministry of Information), Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior (Political Resident in the Persian Gulf), and the Marquess of Zetland (Secretary of State for India).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 16; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
36. PZ 5749/1939(2) 'Propaganda: Articles forwarded to Persian Gulf, Kabul & Katmandu for dissemination'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, mainly telegrams, relating to British propaganda forwarded to the Persian Gulf for dissemination.It largely consists of fortnightly telegrams from the Public Relations Officer/Publicity Officer, Bahrein [Bahrain], to the Secretary of State for India, reporting on the use made of circular and special information telegrams.It also includes: copies of circular Empax telegrams sent from the Secretary of State [presumably the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs] to the Political Agent, Bahrein, Public Relations Officer, Bahrein, and HM Minister Kabul; and telegrams from HM Minister, Kabul, addressed to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 101; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.