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1. ‘The Sherif [Shereef] of Mecca.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed copy of a secret memorandum, subtitled ‘(Communicated by Sir Reginald Wingate G.C.V.O., &c., &c.)’, written on 19 July 1915 at Erkowit in Sudan, by Captain George Stewart Symes, then Private Secretary to the Governor General. The memorandum is a statement, given by an anonymous source, about the Sherif [Shereef] of Mecca, Hussein Ibn Ali [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī]. The statement describes: the Sharif’s origins, character, political views; his attitude to and standing amongst Arabs, Turks, and Europeans; his household, including his sons; his enemies at Mecca, including Sayed El Idrissi. Symes’s introductory note describes the extent of correspondence in political views between Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī and his son, Ali bin Hussein [‘Alī bin Ḥusayn].Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 73, and terminates at f 74, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 73-74; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and won't be found in the same position as the main sequence.
2. 'Memorandum on British Commitments to King Husein'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed memorandum outlining British commitments made to King Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] compiled by the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office. The memorandum is split into seven sections as follows: 'General Guarantees against the Restoration of the status quo'; 'Guarantees regarding the Moslem [Muslim] Holy Places'; 'Boundaries of Arab Independence'; 'Foreign Administration of Irak [Iraq], Syria and Palestine'; 'Relation of Sherif Husein to Great Britain'; 'Sheif Husein's Title'; and 'The Caliphate'. References to various sources, including Foreign Office correspondence, the Meccan El Qibla[al-Qiblah] newspaper and La Verité sur la question syrienne(Fourth Turkish Army Command: Stamboul, 1916), are made in the text and in footnotes.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 102 and terminates at folio 111, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
3. 'File 61/11 I (D 41) Relations between Nejd and Hejaz'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and memoranda relating to relations between Najd and the Hejaz. The majority of the correspondence is between Reader Bullard, the British Agent in Jeddah, the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agency in Bahrain, the Political Agency in Kuwait, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, the Colonial and Foreign Offices, both in London, the High Commissioner in Jerusalem, the Government of India, and Ibn Sa'ud himself, or his representatives.Most of the volume covers events leading up to, and immediately after, the Ikhwan's capture of Taif, including Hussein ibn 'Ali's abdication and his son 'Ali's attempts to retain control of the Hejaz. There is a detailed report of the capture of Taif by Bullard (folios 186-201, 273-281). The documents reflect British concern with the reaction of Indian Muslims, with duplicates of correspondence regularly forwarded to numerous offices back in India. Some papers are about the effort to evacuate British Indian refugees and pilgrims from the region.Other subjects covered in the volume are:the build-up to and ultimate failure of the Kuwait Conference of 1923-24;King Fuad of Egypt's suspected financial backing of Ibn Sa'ud's takeover of the Hejaz;the defining of the Hejaz-Trans-Jordan border;the motivations and movements of St John Philby and Rosita Forbes, both of whom were thought to be trying to gain entryinto Central Arabia.Notable in the volume are a newspaper cutting from The Times of Mesopotamia, dated 13 July 1923, regarding treaty negotiations between Britain and King Hussein (folio 4), and extracts of letters from Ameen Rihani to Ibn Sa'ud that had been intercepted by the British and which offer advice on foreign policy.Physical description: Main foliation sequence: numbers are written in pencil and circled, in the top right corner on the recto of each folio. The numbering, which starts on the front cover of the volume and ends on the inside back cover, is as follows: 1A-1D, 2-262.Secondary and earlier foliation sequence: the numbers 1 to 322 are written in pencil in the top right corner on the recto of each folio, except for the internal office notes at the back of the volume, which are paginated in pencil from 1 to 23. Published copies of four British Government reports at the front of the volume (renumbered as folios 2-63) also have pencilled page numbers written on them.Condition: broken spine cover.
4. 'File 61/11 II (D 42) Relations between Nejd and Hejaz'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and memoranda relating to the situation in the Hejaz at the time, with Ali entrenched in Jeddah and Ibn Sa'ud's Ikhwan in Mecca. The majority of the correspondence is between Reader Bullard, the British Agent in Jeddah, the Political Residency in Bushire, the British Residency in Aden, the Political Agency in Bahrain, the Political Agency in Kuwait, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, the Colonial and Foreign Offices, both in London, the High Commissioner in Jerusalem, the Government of India, and Ibn Sa'ud himself, or his representatives.Running through the volume and forming its backbone are several reports by Bullard about the situation on the ground in Jeddah. Around these, much of the papers relate to the question of who will govern the Holy Places of Mecca and Medina once Ali finally leaves.Other subjects covered in the volume are:The motivations and movements of St John Philby and Rosita Forbes;The actions of the Wahabi attackers;British concern with Indian Muslim opinion on the state of affairs;the prospect of a safe Hajj that year;reports of Soviet influence in the area;what to do about ex-King Hussein.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio of writing and continues through to the inside back cover. The first four folios are marked 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D, and then proceed as normal from 2 onwards. The numbers are written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
5. 'File 61/11 III (D 66) Relations between Nejd and Hejaz.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams and reports concerning events in the Hejaz. The correspondence is between the Colonial Office, the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, the British Consulate in Jeddah, and the Government of India.The subjects covered in the volume are two Indian Muslim delegations that travel to the Hejaz for talks with Ibn Sa'ud, the abdication of 'Ali, Hussein's arrival in Iraq, and new coinage introduced in Najd-Hejaz.Included is a report by S. R. Jordan, the acting Agent in Jeddah, on the activities of one of the Indian delegations (folio 18), and a copy of the regulation for the new coinage (folios 31-34).Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio, begins with 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D, and then proceeds as normal from 2 through to 37 on the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. It should be noted that there is no f 19, the number 19 is written on the verso side of f 18.
6. 'File 61/13 I (D 133) Wahabis and Pilgrimage to Hedjaz'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda, and reports relating to the Hajj pilgrimage to the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina. The majority of the correspondence is between the British Agency (later British Legation) in Jeddah, the Foreign Office, Colonial Office, and Indian Office in London, the British Residencies in Bushire and Aden, the High Commissioners in Cairo and Baghdad, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, and Ibn Sa'ud.Contained in the volume are the annual reports on the pilgrimage composed by the Agent in Jeddah for the years 1929-1935 inclusive. Each report consists of some or all of the following:a general introduction;information on quarantine;statistics;information on health, transport, customs, 'mutawwifs' (pilgrim guides), religious policy, tariffs and the cost of pilgrimage, and pilgrims from other Muslim regions of the British Empire (India, Afghan, Malay, West Africa, Sudan, Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan, Sarawak, Somalia, Zanzibar and East Africa, South Africa, Aden, Hadhramaut, Muscat, Bahrain, and Kuwait).Other documents cover the following subjects:the Hajj under King Hussein and the implications of a Wahhabi conquest of the Holy Cities;an attack on Yemeni pilgrims by the Ikhwan in August 1923 and the subsequent fighting;an Egyptian Medical Mission to Jeddah, Mecca, and Medina to assist with the pilgrimage;Jeddah's water supply;a new motor road between Medina and Najaf;Japanese interest in the pilgrim trade;the formation and progress of a National First-Aid Society in the Hejaz and Nejd;the religious tolerance of the Wahhabis, specifically the kissing of the Black Stone in Mecca.At the back of the volume (folios 205-206) are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio and continues through to the inside back cover, the numbers written in pencil, circled, and located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The only irregularities are the first three folios (ff 1A-1C).Fold-out folio: f 2.There is an inconsistent and incomplete pagination sequence that is also written in pencil but is not circled.
7. 'File 61/15 (D 40) Bin Saud: boundary settlement conference at Kuwait'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to the conception, planning, and first sitting of the Kuwait Conference. It is between the Political Residency at Bushire, the Political Agencies at Kuwait and Bahrain, the High Commissioners in Baghdad and Jerusalem, the Colonial Office in London, the British Agency at Jeddah, the Government of India, Sheikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, ruler of Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, Sultan of Najd, King Faisal of Iraq, and Amir Abdullah of Transjordan.The main aim of the conference was to settle issues of border delineation between Najd, Transjordan, the Hejaz, and Iraq. Other issues of negotiation were the return of Shammar refugees to Najd from Iraq and compensation for past raids. Much of the correspondence deals with this. The discussion focuses around the status of places that there is most disagreement on: Wadi Sirhan (Jauf [Jawf], Kaf [Kāf]), Akaba [al-‘Aqaba], and Maan [Ma‘ān]. Other more practical arragments are also discussed. Such as costs, accommodation, and attendees.Prominent in the volume are the following subjects:the involvement of Sheikh Khazal of Mohammerah;rumours of Ikhwan raids into the Hejaz;King Hussein's refusal to attend or send a delegate;British dissaproval of Hafiz Wahba as a representative of Najd;the threat of Faisal al-Dawish attacking Medina.The volume covers up until the adjournment of the conference, including arrangements for the second phase of negotiations.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio and ends on the last. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D; 149A and 149B.
8. 'Files 61/12 and 61/16 (D 80) Treaty between Bin Saud and H. M. Govt'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume mostly consists of correspondence concerning the relations between Britain and Ibn Sa'ud, with a specific focus on the negotiation and signing of the Treaty of Jeddah. The majority of the correspondence is between the British Legation in Jeddah and the Foreign and Colonial Offices in London. Copies were often sent to the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, and the High Commissioners in Baghdad and Jerusalem.The volume follows the evolution of the Treaty:Britain's initial reluctance, due to their official friendship with King Hussein, to engage with the issue prior to Ibn Sa'ud's conquest of the Hejaz;how this event then gave cause for the Bahra and Hadda agreements of November 1925;the negotiations between Ibn Sa'ud and Gilbert Clayton in early 1927 leading to the signing of the Treaty of Jeddah on 20 May that year and its ratification in August.At the end of the volume (folios192-196) is Clayton's final report on his mission to the Hejaz and includes a copy of the Treaty.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence starts on the first folio and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled and written in the top right corner of each folio. There are the following irregularities: ff 1A-1C; f 185A; ff 78-84 are those of a booklet, stored in an envelope (f 77A). There is a second sequence that is also written in pencil but is not circled and is inconsistent.
9. 'The Seven Independent Arabian States [Yemen, ‘Asir, Hijaz, Najd, Kuwait, Jabal Shammar and al-Jawf]'
- Description:
- Abstract: This confidential memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office in May 1935 is a report by William John Childs concerning the seven independent Arabian states or autonomous areas. The report contains an introduction that states that the 'purpose of the paper is to give a brief outline each of the seven independent Arabian states', listed on folio 316, 'at the time of the Arab rising against the Turks in June 1916'.The report is divided into sections covering each state as follows:'The Imamate of Yemen ruled by Imam Yahya [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn]' (folio 316);'The Principate of Asir ruled by the Idrisi [Sayyid Muḥammad bin ‘Alī al-Idrīsi]' (folios 316-317);'The Emirate of Mecca (or the Hejaz) ruled by Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], Emir and Sherif of Mecca' (folios 317-319);'Emirate of Nejd [Najd] ruled by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], Emir of Riyadh' (folios 319-323);'The Sheikhdom of Koweit [Kuwait] ruled by the Sheikh of Koweit [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ]' (folio 323v);'The Emirate of Jebel Shammar [Jabal Shammar] (or Hail [Ḥā’il]) ruled by the Emir of Hail [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Rashīd]' (folios 323-324)'Jauf-el-Amir [Jawf al-Amīr, under the rule of Nūrī bin Sha‘lān]' (folio 324v).A footnote on folio 316 records: 'This memorandum was prepared by the late Mr. William John Childs and found among his papers. A few modifications and additions have been made to bring it up to date'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 315, and terminates at folio 325, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, a re circles, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 4-327; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
10. File 10/11 Ibn Sa`ud and the Hijaz: Fall of Taif; abdication of King Husain; occupation of Mecca
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to the British Government's relationship with Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].In chronological order, the correspondence relates specifically to the capture of Taif by Wahhabi forces, the abdication of King Husain of the Hejaz (and the appointment of his son Ali as his successor), arrangements to evacuate pilgrims from the Hejaz and finally, the capture of Mecca by Wahhabi forces. As well as correspondence, the file contains a number of detailed accounts of these events that were written by the British Agent in Jeddah, Reader William Bullard.The majority of the correspondence in the file is between British officials, but the file also contains a limited amount of correspondence from Ibn Sa'ud and officials of the Government of Hejaz. These letters are translated into English and the file does not contain copies of the Arabic originals.The file contains English translations of two proclamations that were delivered by Ibn Sa'ud in October and November 1924 (folios 189-190 and 236).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 257; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-256; these numbers are also written in pencil but are not circled.