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1. 'Shahr and Makulla. Secret Letter from India, No. 16, Dated 2nd February 1881.'
- Description:
- Abstract: A letter and a short postscript, in which Arthur William Moore writes to the British Government describing an ongoing financial dispute between the chiefs of Shahr and Makulla, two principal ports on the south coast of Arabia. The author mentions the likelihood of the region falling into Turkish hands should the dispute continue, and outlines British attempts therefore to settle it. The dispute remains ongoing at the time the postscript was written.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at folio 41, and terminates at folio 46, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-152; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
2. ‘Affairs of the Persian Gulf, Vol: 1.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the East India Company Court of Directors and the Government of Bombay. It is the first in a series of four items on general affairs in the Persian Gulf (the others are: IOR/F/4/1398/55441, IOR/F/4/1399/55442 and IOR/F/4/1399/55442A).The item is chiefly concerned with general updates of events in the Persian Gulf over the period 1827-32. In particular, the item relates to:War between the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat and the Chief of Bharein [Bahrain], and the attempts by Major David Wilson, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to mediate for peace without inserting himself too much into the conflict and concerns that the conflict will allow for the rise of ‘piratical acts’ once moreThe plunder of two boats from Morbut [Mirbāţ] by vessels belonging to the Chief of Bharein’s fleet and the Resident’s subsequent pursuit of restitution from the ChiefA rebellion by relatives of the Imaum during his absence from Muscat in December 1829, and the Resident’s concern about allowing such a close ally to become too weakDiscussions between the Court of Directors and the Government of Bombay regarding their attempts to persuade the Imaum to abolish all branches of the slave trade in the regionUpdates by David Anderson Blane, Wilson’s successor, on the unstable atmosphere in Bushire [Būshehr] following the death of Shaik Abdool Russool Khan [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rasūl Khān]General updates regarding: conflicts between numerous Chiefs in the Persian Gulf; minor instances of ‘piratical acts’; status of trade; visits made; and the status of the Wahabee [Wahabi] tribe.The item includes Wilson’s report (ff 175-182) on the status of treaties with the Imaum, Persia [Iran] and Arabian states regarding the slave trade. His report provides details of the trade at numerous ports in the Persian Gulf, including: number of enslaved people imported; duty paid; number smuggled in; where they come from; gender ratio; prices; who brings them; and mortality rate during voyages.The principal correspondents of the item are the Court of Directors, the Government of Bombay and Wilson. Other correspondents include amongst others: Syud Syed [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Imam of Muscat]; Shaik Abdoolah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah, Shaikh of Bahrein]; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Commanding Company ship Benares; and numerous Native Agents at Muscat, Bahrein and Linga [Bandar-e-Lengeh].The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department, P.C. [Previous Communication] 1230, Draft 183, 1834' and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 95, and terminates at f 323, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. ‘Affray at Mocha’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of extracts of Political Letters and Political Consultations from the Government of Bombay regarding the affray at Mocha between some of the Factory servants and a group of Turkish soldiers, in which a Turkish soldier was killed. Topics covered include:Enquiries by the Government of Bombay, by Captain Bagnold, Resident at Mocha, and by the Imaum of Senna [Imam of Ṣanʻā', Yemen] regarding the circumstances surrounding the affrayThe removal of Mr Mackell, Assistant Surgeon and Member of the Mocha Residency, from post following his action of firing on the Turkish soldiers and his defence of his actionsThe consequences for the Turkish soldiers who instigated the affrayThe Resident of Mocha's reporting of positive outcomes from the affray, namely improved attitudes towards Europeans by Military and ‘lower orders of the people'.Correspondents include: Government of Bombay; Resident at Mocha; William Newnham, Chief Secretary for the Government of Bombay; the Court of Directors; Henry Salt, Consul General in Egypt; Strickland Canning, Ambassador at Constantinople; Mr Mackell, Assistant Surgeon at Mocha; the Medical Board; the Secretary to the Supreme Government at Fort William.The item also contains depositions by witnesses to the affray (ff 308 verso – 316 recto) sent from the Resident at Mocha to the Chief Secretary for the Government of Bombay.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'P.C. 681, Draft 367, 1829/30', ‘Collection No. 11’ and 'Examiner's Office 1829’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 300, and terminates at f 357, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. 'File K/22 Acquisition of landed property by foreigners in Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is divided into a series of court cases initiated as a result of the enactment of the Bahrain Nationality Law of 1937. Because the law made ownership of immovable property by foreign subjects illegal or difficult, many property owners either sold or claimed disputed property they wished to sell after the passage of the law. The file contains several of these cases where litigants either claim property or dispute the prices paid for property up for sale due to the new regulation. Most correspondence is between Persian subjects and the Political Agency in Bahrain, alongside property evaluations carried out by the Land Registration Department in Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at inside back cover with 223; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Various additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 7-222 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
5. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of correspondence relating to affairs in the Persian Gulf and Arabian coastline, chiefly British attempts to avert potential conflicts between Arab maritime rulers, the disruption of trade with India, acts of ‘piracy’, and the undermining of British influence in the area.The papers notably cover:Efforts of Captain Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to mediate and promote resolution of the dispute between Abdoollah bin Ahmed, [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] Shaik of Bahrein [Bahrain], and his ‘fugitive’ subject Esa bin Tareef [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ḥamad bin Ṭarīf Āl Bin 'Alī al-'Utbī] and members of his Al-i-Ally [Āl Bin 'Alī] tribe, who have taken refuge in Abothabee [Abu Dhabi] under the rule of Kuleefa bin Shakboot [Shaikh Khalīfah bin Shakhbūṭ Āl Nahyān], the Shaik of Abothabee [Shaikh of Abu Dhabi]. Includes: the Shaik of Bahrein’s secret pledge allowing all the ‘fugitives’ to resettle on the coast of Gutter [Qatar]; the British restrictive boundary line beyond which Arab maritime operations are ‘forbidden’; the role of the Indian Navy in facilitating negotiations and patrolling the GulfBritish policy with regard to a possible attempt by Khorshid Pasha [Khūrshīd Pāshā, also spelled Khoorshid and Koorsheid, and Pacha, in this volume], Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Forces in Nedgee [Najd, also known as Nejd], to conquer the island of Bahrein and ascertainment of the Shaik of Bahrein’s allegianceEvents on the island of Karrack [Kharg, also known as Khark], recently occupied by the British after an incident in Bushire [Būshehr] and deteriorated relations with Meerza Assud [Mirza Assad], Governor of Bushire, notably: the departure in April 1839 of Sheik Nasir [Shaykh Nāṣir] to seek asylum in Koweit [Kuwait]; departure of the Belochee [Balochi] garrison from the fort and its take-over by the British; arrangements by Lieutenant-Colonel James Shirreff, Commanding the Detachment at Karrack, for martial law on the island and his difference of opinion with Hennell regarding the Persian ‘threat’Events in Bushire following the British departure, notably: arrangements for a British presence in the town; conditions at the Residency building; Persian attempts to persuade the British to return there including Hennell’s communications with the Prince of Shiraz, and the latter’s deputing of a negotiator, Mohamed Hussain Khan Sirdar, to promote re-establishment of friendly relations; Hennell’s refusal to return unless Meerza Assad is removed and refuting the latter’s claims that the British navy fired first on his people at Bushire; discussion of whether Mirza Assad was acting independently or upon orders from Shiraz or TehranIntelligence from Meerza [Mirza] Riza, the News Writer at Shiraz concerning purported Persian military operations towards Herat and BushireNaval tour of the Persian Gulf and Arabian coastline by Rear Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland and Lieutenant Edmunds, Assistant Resident Persian Gulf [also referred to as Captain in this volume], to ascertain: the political stance of various sheiks towards each other and the British, and potential for a united coalition against an attacking foe; the resistance capability of Bahrein; and the views of the Bahreini people towards the Egyptians and the British. Includes Maitland’s report, with notes taken by Captain Edmunds, of the meetings held with the different sheiks between 22-30 April 1839 (ff 503-511).The principal correspondents are: Captain Hennell, and John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai].Other correspondents include George Barnes Brucks, Commodore of the Squadron of the Indian Navy in the Persian Gulf; John Croft Hawkins, Commander and Senior Officer, Bushire; and Lieutenant-Colonel Shirreff.There is a note before the papers commence stating: ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letters No. 65-6, dated 18th May 1839, is missing from this collection’.Physical description: The papers are not in chronological order.