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25. 'File 11/36 Political Situation at Muscat'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a letter concerning the political situation in Muscat that was sent to the Political Residency in Bushire by Major Claude Edward Bremner, Britain's Political Agent and Consul in Muscat.The letter focuses on the relationship between British authorities and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Said bin Taimur [Sa‘id bin Taymur], and includes a discussion of the Sultan's financial arrangements, political intentions and attitude towards Britain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 9; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-7; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
26. 'File 14/1 DHOFAR CONCESSION. VOL I'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a copy of correspondence dated February 1950 between the British Residency, Bahrain and the Eastern Department, Foreign Office (G W Furlong), copied to the Political Agent, Muscat (Major F C L Chauncy), concerning the abandonment of the Dhofar oil concession. It also contains a letter from the British Residency, Bahrain, to Chauncy with information on the termination of Dhufar concession by Petroleum Concessions Ltd.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
27. 'File 2/6 Southern Arabian Air Route. II-A/8'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams, letters, and reports related to the air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) as a war measure. The correspondence is related to the arrangement for engineers and workers to be sent to the landing grounds. In the correspondence, the term 'Coolies' [a pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer] has been used to refer to workers.The volume includes correspondence related to the work in progress; situation of the workers, their salaries, health conditions, strike and replacement procedure; delays to payments claimed by the engineers; reports on ships loading and unloading at the air facilities and the capacities of those facilities; as well as correspondence with the firm of Khimji Ramdas to arrange for workers’ transportation.The volume contains correspondence between the Political Agent, Muscat and the Government of Muscat and Oman regarding the supply of workers and building materials, and the cooperation of the latter in storing fuel and other equipment in a safe, adequately guarded place. The volume also contains correspondence between the Political Residency at Bushire, and Royal Air Force officers at Sharjah and Basra to provide aircraft whenever needed by the Political Agent, Muscat or his Assistant at Salalah.The volume includes reports on the visits of officers of the Iraq Levies and the Political Resident (at different times) to the Southern Aerodromes at Bahrain, Sharjah, Muscat, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd. It also includes reports regarding RAF petrol landed, grade, quantity, and average daily rate of discharge in tonnes; the standing orders for personnel of the Royal Air Force; and the arrival of two hundred American base personnel at Salalah.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 165; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
28. 'File 8/20: MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: RISE OF OMANIS'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to British policy in Muscat and Oman. It contains extensive correspondence and memoranda from the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat, mainly addressed to the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad, which discusses the rivalry between the Sultanate of Muscat and the Imamate of Oman, the history of British relations with the ruling sultans, and negotiations between the Sultan [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and the Omani tribes.Related matters of discussion include the following: comparisons between the Sultan's rule and that of the Imam's; the question of whether British support for the current Sultan's Government should be continued, given the state of its finances and the Sultan's standing with the Omani tribes; possible reforms to the Sultan's Government, as proposed by the Political Agent; the Political Agent's meeting with Omani representative Shaikh Isa bin Salih [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥārthī]; negotiations between the Sultan and the Omanis (in which the Political Agent acts as mediator), and the terms for a final settlement between the two parties; plans for the Sultan to impose a penal zakat on certain Omani tribes; the murder of the Imam on 21 July 1920.Correspondents besides the Political Agent include the following: the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; officials of the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 318; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Condition: folios 274-276 are damaged and have parts of their edges missing, resulting in the loss of text.
29. 'File 12/4 TELEGRAMS SENT FROM SALALAH BY SULTAN OR HIS REPRESENTATIVE'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the procedure for the transmission of, and payment for, telegrams sent from Salalah [Şalālah] by Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat and Oman, or his representative there. The papers show that in June 1947 the Royal Air Force (RAF) agreed to continue transmitting certain classes of message from and to the Sultan or his representative free of charge.The file includes correspondence from the Political Agent, Muscat; Cable and Wireless Limited; Headquarters, British Forces, RAF Aden; and the Government of Aden.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 49; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
30. 'File 8/62 III PRINCIPAL SHAIKHS & TRIBES of OMAN.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the principal shaikhs and tribes of Oman. The bulk of the file consists of an account by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat entitled 'Notes on the Tribes of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman' (ff 9-33), which provides written summaries of each of the main tribes and tables with further details including principal settlements, estimated population, and estimated number of rifles.The correspondence, which mainly consists of letters from the Political Agent to the Political Residency in Bahrain, discusses rumours that the Imam of Oman, during a spell of ill health in 1948, recommended his successor to an assembled group of leading tribal chiefs. Also discussed is the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] attempts to obtain the allegiance of the Omani tribal leaders, and his hope of persuading them to discard the Imamate altogether when the present Imam dies.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 35; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. 'File 8/64 I Naim Tribe'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns a dispute between the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and Shaikh Rashid of Ajman [Rāshid bin Ḥumaid Āl Nu‘aymī]. It consists of a letter from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat, and includes an enclosed copy of a letter from the Political Officer at Sharjah, forwarded to the Political Resident by the Political Agent at Bahrain. The correspondence concerns a complaint from the Sultan that Shaikh Rashid has been interfering with tribes in the Sultan's territory. The letters discuss the origins of the dispute, as well as the question of whether the British authorities should interfere in the matter.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
32. 'File 8/65 IX RENEWAL of COMMERCIAL TREATY'
- Description:
- Abstract: Continuing on from the previous file (IOR/R/15/6/260), this file relates to the termination and proposed replacement of the 1939 Commercial Treaty between Britain and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.Most of the correspondence concerns the drafting of a new treaty between the two parties (eventually concluded in December 1951 and ratified in May 1952). The file contains a series of letters exchanged between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (Major Frederick Charles Leslie Chauncy) and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] regarding the precise wording of the English text of the treaty. The remaining correspondence, which is mostly between the Political Agent and the Foreign Office, concerns proposed amendments to drafts of the treaty. Other related matters of discussion include the following: the question of whether the Sultan will agree to allow the British to retain their 'extra-territorial privileges' in Muscat (i.e. jurisdiction over nationals from other British territories); whether the new treaty should cover consuls and consular functions; the duration of the new treaty, with the Foreign Office preferring a minimum of twelve years; the possibility of prolonging the existing treaty until 31 December 1951.Also included is a draft of the proposed new treaty (ff 93-103). The Arabic language material consists of the aforementioned correspondence between the Political Agent and the Sultan (English translations are included).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 121; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
33. 'File 8/65 X RENEWAL OF COMMERCIAL TREATY'
- Description:
- Abstract: Continuing on from the previous file (IOR/R/15/6/261), this file relates to the conclusion of a new Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Britain and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd].The file features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; officials of the Foreign Office and India Office.Most of the correspondence concerns final amendments to the treaty. Also covered are the following: the extension of the existing treaty (concluded in 1939) until 31 December 1951, to allow time for the completion of its replacement; preparations for the signing of the new treaty in Muscat on 20 December 1951, as well as an exchange of letters (on arrangements relating to jurisdiction); a request in December 1951 from the Government of India for a three-month extension of the 1939 treaty, while preparations are made for its own treaty with the Sultan.In addition to correspondence, the file includes the following: copies of the respective speeches given by the Sultan (in both Arabic and English) and the Political Resident, on the occasion of the signing of the treaty (ff 12-16); signature copies of the new treaty, in English and Arabic (ff 20-31); draft copies of the English text of the treaty (ff 42-48, ff 116-126, and ff 137-151).All of the file's material is dated between 14 October and 21 December 1951, with the exception of a note on folio 11, dated 4 February 1952.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 197; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
34. 'File 8/78 II Sale of Gwadur to His Majesty's Government'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the question of whether the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] would be willing to sell or lease the territory of Gwadur [Gwadar] to the Government of Pakistan, with the British Government acting as an intermediary. The correspondence, which is conducted between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, discusses how His Majesty's Government should advise both the Sultan and the Government of Pakistan on the matter.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 12; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
35. 'File 8/78 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: RENDITION OF GWADUR TO KALAT.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns British policy regarding the Muscat territory of Gwadur [Gwadar, Pakistan; it is written as Gwadar in some of the correspondence]. The correspondence includes the following:Discussion in 1913-1914 as to whether the Government of India should consider the cession (the correspondence uses the term 'rendition' in the old sense of the word) of Gwadur by Muscat (spelled here as Maskat) to Kalat, including details of trade and customs in Gwadur, and the territory's annual value to Muscat (ff 3-21)Further discussion in 1920-1921 regarding the case for the lease or cession of Gwadur to Kalat (ff 22-29)Notes on the status of Gwadur and the history of Kalat's claim to it, included with correspondence dated 1926-1927 (ff 30-41)Copies of Government of Bombay and Government of India correspondence from 1871-1872 regarding the status and sovereignty of Charbar [Chabar, Pakistan] and Gwadur (ff 42-58)Details of a proposal in 1939 from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to lease or cede Gwadur to His Majesty's Government, in return for financial assistance (ff 59-73)Discussion in 1939 regarding the Kalat-Gwadur boundary (ff 74-86)Discussion in 1948 regarding possible interest in Gwadur from the Pakistan Government, following the recent accession of Kalat to Pakistan (ff 89-93).The file features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Agent to the Governor General in Baluchistan; officials of the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department (later the External Affairs Department).There is no material covering the following periods: 1915-1919, 1922-1925, 1928-1937, and 1941-1947.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 96; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
36. 'File 8/14 II Muscat State Finances.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a small amount of correspondence concerning the state finances of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The letters discuss the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] investment in Government of India war bonds, as well as details of the Sultan's accounts with Lloyds Bank and the British Bank of Iran and the Middle East (formerly the Imperial Bank of Iran). Correspondents include the following: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; officials of HM Treasury, the Foreign Office, Lloyds Bank, and the British Bank of Iran and the Middle East.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 9; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.