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25. 'Interview with Sherif Feisal'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum, authored by John Evelyn Shuckburgh, dated 30 December 1918, concerns a meeting at the India Office, London, between Sir Edwin Samuel Montagu, Secretary of State, and Shaikh Feisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī], accompanied by Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence acting as interpreter, on 27 December 1918. The meeting was also attended by Sir Thomas Holderness and Sir James Dunlop-Smith, as well as Lord Islington, Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel, and Sir Hamilton Grant. Subjects of discussion included relations with Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud)], Emir of Nejd [Najd] and the nature of the Wahabi [Wahhabi] movement; Syria and the circumstances of the Arab Revolt of 1916; and Palestine and the Zionist movement.There is a pencil note in the top right hand corner of folio 1 that reads: 'Sir A. Grant. Do you think this is a fair representation of what Feisal said?' signed J E S and dated 30 December. This is followed by a note in the top center of the folio that reads: 'Yes. Excellent, I think', signed A H G and dated 31 December.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 14 and terminates at folio 17, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
26. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 18. PART II. (From 16th to 31st January 1916).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 January 1916. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, tables, and memoranda.A summary of the contents of this volume can be found at the start of IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3244. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military OperationsThe advance of General Fenton AylmerBattle of Umm-ul-Hannah [Hanna] and subsequent evacuation of the woundedConsideration of a proposal to introduce French troops into MesopotamiaSupply of river craft and other military supplies including aircraftOil exportsReinforcements for Force D, especially reinforcements for the Royal Flying CorpsConsideration of how the Tigris flood season would affect operationsConclusions from an interview between Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Bin Sa’ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Shaikh of Kuwait [Shaikh Jābir II al-Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ] in December 1915Speculation about how long General Charles Townsend’s supplies inside Kut would lastA discussion about the speed of post to and from MesopotamiaProposed future re-organisation of Force D.The following tables appear:The distribution of the troops in Force D on folios 14-18 and 154-155The strength of Force D on folios 67-68, 98, and 137Distribution of the Turkish [Ottoman] Army on folios 106-111Embarkation statement for troops which embarked at Bombay [Mumbai] and Karachi for Basrah [Basra], in January 1916 on folios 169-178.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 180; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-178; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
27. 'Memorandum on British Commitments to Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed memorandum by the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office concerning British commitments to Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud)] in the context of the First World War. The memorandum gives an overview of British and Turkish relations, including various treaties with Ibn Saud between 1913 and 1916, as well as 'Relation of Commitments to Bin Saud to British Disiderata', including 'Demarcation of Territories', 'Keeping of the Peace' and 'Dynastic Guarantee'. There is an appendix (folio 129) which includes the text of the treaty of 26 December 1915 signed by Ibn Saud and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 122 and terminates at folio 129, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
28. 'Historical Memorandum on the Relations of the Wahabi Amirs and Ibn Saud with Eastern Arabia and the British Government, 1800-1934'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a historical memorandum written in response to claims advanced by Ibn Saud to ancestral rights on the eastern boundary of the Saudi Kingdom, and to suggestions put forward by him that at some period in the past arrangements were entered into with his ancestors, the Wahabi Amirs, by representatives of the British Government, which afforded some recognition of those claims. The memorandum was written by John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office, and is a revised edition of a document published on 1 September 1934.Physical description: Foliation - the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 32; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
29. 'P G India Office Memorandum No B.437, P.Z.5620/1934, Historical Memorandum on the Relations of the Wahabi Amirs and Ibn Saud with Eastern Arabia and the British Government, 1800-1934'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum traces the first development of the Wahabi [Wahhabi] sect, 1745-1800; the first expansion of the Wahabis in eastern Arabia to the fall of Baraimi and the Turkish occupation of Hasa, 1800-71; the period from the Turkish conquest of Hasa to the capture of Riyadh by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥman bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd)], 1870-1901; the period from the capture of Riyadh by Ibn Saud to the outbreak of World War One, 1901-14; and the period from the outbreak of World War One to the opening of the Blue Line discussions, 1914-34; and also contains a conclusion and appendices.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 36 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 2, 2A, 2B, 2C. The following folio needs to be folded out: f. 31. An original printed pagination sequence is also present in the volume.
30. 'Question of British Consular Representation in El Hasa and Qatif'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum providing an overview of the considerations of British representation in El Hasa [Al Hasa] and Qatif from 1904, with suggestions put forward by the Government of India and Sir Lionel Haworth, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. It includes the reasons behind the need for representation, and the implications of relations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences and terminates at f 64, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, and is located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.
31. 'Notes on the "Akhwan" Movement'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum is entitled 'Notes on the "Akhwan" [Ikhwān] Movement' by Major Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, which he compiled following his 1920 visit to ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud) at al-Hasa (al-Aḥsā’).The note contains the following sections:I: 'General', including '(a) Authorities' and '(b) Nature of the Movement';II: 'A Short History of Akhwanism', including a note on 'Prayer';III: 'Beliefs';IV: 'Other Customs, Observances and Beliefs among Akhwan';V: System of Bin Sa’ud's Government and its Connection with the Akhwan;', including 'Administration', 'Judicial', 'Military', 'Revenue'.Dickson notes his authorities from whom information was gathered as: Ibn Saud himself; ’Abdul Aziz Al Qusaibi [‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Quṣaybī]; Fahad Al Bassam [Fahad al-Bassām]; Sulaiman Al Hawwas [Sulaymān Āl Ḥawwās]; Ibrahim bin Juma’ [Ibrāhīm bin Juma‘], Ibn Saud's confidential servant; members of Dickson's personal guard; Muhammad Effendi (Kurd), Treasury Officer to Bin Juluwi [‘Abdullāh bin Jilūwī]; and a member of the movement. The note also includes a list (folio 107v) of new towns ( hijar) that have arisen in Najd under the movement.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this memorandum commences at folio 105, and terminates at folio 107, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
32. 'Note on Central Arabia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This note gives a very short history of Central Arabia in thirteen paragraphs. Details are given concerning the history of Nejd [Najd], the rise and spread of the Wahhabi movement, and the Āl Sa‘ūd family and their relations with their neighbours, including the Āl Rashīd family, the Hashemite rulers of the Hejaz, Oman and the Ottoman Empire, as well as Britain. Further details are given concerning the ruler Imam Abdul Aziz Ibn Abdul Rahman Ibn Faisal Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the signing of a treaty between him and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox in 1916.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 82, and terminates at folio 82, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
33. 'Summary of the Hejaz Revolt'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum is a report prepared by the General Staff, War Office, dated 31 Aug 1918. It is a summary of the Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz] Revolt (commonly referred to as the Arabic Revolt) in the context of the First World War, covering the period June 1916 to December 1918. The memorandum is marked 'Secret' and 'This Document is the Property of H.B.M. Government' (folio 75).The summary contains an index (folio 76) with the following chronological sections: 'Narrative of events from June 1916 to December 1916'; ''Narrative of events from January 1917 to November 1917'; 'Narrative of events of December 1917 and summary of the situation at the end of 1917'; 'Narrative of events during January and February 1918'; 'Narrative of events during March and April 1918'; 'Narrative of events during April and May 1918'; 'Narrative of events during June 1918'; 'Narrative of events during July 1918'; and 'Narrative of events during August 1918 and summary of the situation up till the end of August 1918'.There is also a list of appendices on the same folio which includes: 'A: King Hussein' [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī]; 'B: Ibn Saud' [Ābd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd]; 'C: Ibn Rashid' [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Rashīd]; 'D: The Jemal Pasha' [Aḥmad Jamāl Bāshā]; 'E: Maurice's Report'; 'F: Enemy political activity'; 'G: Zionist movement'; 'H: Turkish interposition between main British and Arab forces'; 'K: Koweit [Kuwait] blocked'; 'L: Attitude of Norther Arabian tribes towards Hejaz revolt'; 'M: Fakhri Pasha [Fakhrī Bāshā or Fakhr al-Dīn Bāshā] at Medina'; 'N and O: Enemy casualties and Turkish troops'. A map is noted below the list of appendices but is not present.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f.75. and terminates at f.89, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff.11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
34. 'File 4/9 (2/7) "AL BAHRAIN" NEWSPAPER'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains an exchange of confidential correspondence, following a formal protest made by Ibn Sa’ud (King Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia) to the Minister at the British Legation in Jeddah, about publication of an article in the newspaper Al Bahrainon 26 November 1942.The correspondence is between His Britannic Majesty’s Minister, Jeddah; Edward Birkbeck Wakefield and Major Tom Hickinbotham (Political Agents, Bahrain); Bertram Thomas (Public Relations Officer in the Persian Gulf, Public Relations office, Bahrain); Charles Geoffrey Prior (Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire); Hugh Weightman (Joint Secretary to the Government of India, External Affairs Department, New Delhi) and Charles Dalrymple Belgrave (Adviser to the Bahrain Government, Bahrain).The correspondence discusses the reaction of Ibn Sa’ud to the newspaper article, which urged the establishment of a Shia religious school in Qatif, Saudi Arabia. The file includes an English translation of the newspaper article entitled ‘An appeal to found an institute at Qatif’. The article was signed by ‘Ali al Shaikh Mansur al Marhoon al Qatifi’ (Sheikh Mansur al Marhoon), but was later found to have been written by his son, Ali Bin Mansur.The file cover appears to have been re-used. An earlier file title ‘Facilities – Port of Bahrain’ is visible and has been crossed out.Physical description: Foliation: numbered 1 to 21 in pencil in the top right hand corner and encircled. The numbering starts at the front of the file, on the file cover (f.1) and ends on the inside cover at the back of the file (f.21).
35. 'File 82/1 II (F 53) A.P.O.C., and Oil Concession - Arab Coast'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence and telegrams between the Political Department, the Colonial Office and the Secretary of State at the India Office in London, the Political Resident at Bushire, the Political Agents at Kuwait and Muscat, local rulers, Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) and Eastern and General Syndicate Limited representatives on the negotiations for oil concessions in Kuwait, Bahrain, Nejd [Najd, Jubail, Saudi Arabia], Qatar, Muscat, Oman and Trucial Coast.The volume includes documents regarding:Bahrain: Letter in English and Arabic from the Political Resident in the Gulf to Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, Ruler of Bahrain, informing him that the British Government didn't approve the Bahrain Oil Concession being agreed to Major Frank Holmes, representing Eastern and General Syndicate (folios 41-42) and subsequent correspondence regarding the cancellation of this concession (folios 125-126) and the agreement with APOC;Kuwait: Draft Agreements between Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, Ruler of Kuwait, and D'Arcy Exploration Company limited, on the oil exploration license in Kuwait (draft agreement 20 June 1923 on folios 51-60; draft agreement 6 September 1923 on folios 157-171 and draft agreement 18 November 1923 on folios 198-210; in Arabic on folios 229-235) and minutes of a meeting to discuss it (folios 61-64A); correspondence between the Political Agent in Kuwait and the ruler of Kuwait, regarding contacts being made with Major Holmes and Eastern and General Syndicate, in Arabic with English translation (folios 83-89).Najd: Report on Najd Oil Concession by J.B. Mackie (folios 31-33); letter from Āl Sa‘ūd, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal (Ibn Sa‘ūd), Sultan of Najd, to the High Commissioner for Iraq dated 21 May 1923, in Arabic with English translation, regarding oil exploration being granted to Eastern and General Syndicate (folios 76-78).Physical description: The main foliation is in pencil, encircled, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The numbering begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1, then 2-63; 64A and 64B; 65-195; 196A and 196B and it carries on to the last folio, ending on 284. There is another foliation sequence, which is incomplete.
36. 'File XXV/2 Arabian Affairs (including Iraq). Qatar and al Hassa (Bin Saud)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials concerning the seizure of al-Hasa from Ottoman control by Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and his growth in power along the littoral. The impact of this development upon relations between Bin Saud and the British Government generally is also discussed, notably the need to maintain neutrality in the conflict between him and the Ottomans. This discussion includes mention of the importance of maintaining the independence of Qatar and the states of the Trucial Coast vis-à-vis Bin Saud.The correspondence in the file is primarily between officials at the Political Residency in Bushire, the Government of India's Foreign Department and the Political Agency in Bahrain but also includes a limited amount of correspondence (in English translation) between Bin Saud and British officials.In addition to correspondence, the file contains a document entitled 'Memorandum of Interview with Bin Saud on 15th-16th December 1913' written by the Political Agent in Bahrain, Arthur Prescott Trevor, and the Political Agent in Kuwait, William Henry Irvine Shakespear (folios 24-25).The file contains an index on folio 2 that lists all the letters contained in the file with details of the correspondents and the date.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 28; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.