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1. ‘File 28/34-II War emergency legislation’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to, and copies of the various orders, regulations and notices, issued under the Persian Gulf States (Emergency) Order in Council, 1939. The file’s principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior); the Political Agent at Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield; Major Tom Hickinbotham; Cornelius James Pelly; Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Crawshaw Galloway).The file includes:ordinances and amendments to the existing defence regulations and judicial procedures, enabling capital punishment, ‘rigorous imprisonment’ or whipping to be used as forms as punishment for theft or looting in the event of damage to property as a result of enemy action, including air raids, and the transfer of such judicial decisions from the Government of India to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (ff 3-46);a letter from the Political Agent at Bahrain, to the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain, dated 2 December 1943, enclosing a number of drafts to replace existing orders, ordinances and notifications relating to: Order No. 13 (controls on goods exported from Bahrain, ff 50a-50); Order No. 14 (price control orders for rationed and unrationed foodstuffs, piece goods, with schedules of the goods covered, ff 52-56); Notification No. 15 (trading with enemy regulations, f 57); Order No. 14 (export controls on currencies and gold bullion, f 58); Order No. 17 (postal censorship and restrictions, f 59);copies of orders for 1944: Order No. 1 (export controls, ff 61-66); Order No. 2 (price control orders for rationed and unrationed foodstuffs, piece goods, with schedules of the goods covered, ff 63-68); Order No. 3 (trading with enemy regulations, f 69); Order No. 4 (export controls on currencies and gold bullion, f 70); Order No. 5 (postal censorship and restrictions, ff 71-72); a copy of Order No. 1 of Hijri year 1363 (equivalent to 1944), issued by the Government of Bahrain (ff 75-82, and in large format at f 85), relating to price control orders and closely based on Order No. 2 of 1944 (ff 63-68);numerous orders issued by the Political Agent in 1944 for the appointment of nominated Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) employees as Special Police Officers at the BAPCO refinery (between ff 86-130), and, in January 1945, the announcement of the cessation of the appointment of certain nominated officers (ff 140-142);printed copies of orders and notices: the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939(ff 146-151); Chapter 10 of the Suppliesand Services (Transitional Powers) Act, 1945(ff 152-155); Order No. 255 of 1946 Emergency Laws (Transitional Provisions) Colonies &c(ff 156-157); the Emergency Laws (Transitional Provisions) Act, 1946(ff 158-170);correspondence dated 1943 onwards relating to the review and repeal of various orders and regulations (ff 97-99, ff 144-145, ff 171-174);copies of orders for 1947: Order No. 1 of 1947 (the maintenance of supplies and services, ff 177-178, f 187); Order No. 7 of 1947 (price control orders for rationed and unrationed foodstuffs, piece goods, with schedules of the goods covered, ff 180-185).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 2; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional mixed foliation/pagination sequences are also present in parallel between ff 2-185 and in the file notes between ff 194-212; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. Foliation anomaly: f 50 a, f 50.
2. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of a despatch to the Secret Committee, 31 July 1839, from John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai]. The despatch itself (not included) is numbered 1 and is followed by an abstract of contents, numbered 2. The abstract of contents is followed by despatches, numbered 3-24, which are chiefly from John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai], to the Secretary with the Governor-General of India, (with some responses from the latter), and from Willoughby to Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident, Persian Gulf. Other despatches comprise minutes of the Governors in Council, Bombay, and single despatches to the Bombay Government from: Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland, Naval Commander-in-Chief in the East Indies; Lieutenant-Colonel Stratford Powell, Adjutant-General of the Army; and (the final despatch) Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Campbell, HM Consul-General in Egypt, based in Alexandria.The main subjects covered are:Observations, approbation and instructions by the Government of Bombay and Government of India relating to the actions that Hennell and the Assistant Resident, Lieutenant Thomas Edmunds, have recently undertaken in the Persian Gulf (as described in IOR/L/PS/5/376, ff 279-409) with regard to halting the perceived encroachments of Egypt in the Persian Gulf, in particular efforts to effect the expulsion from Shargah [Sharjah] of Syed bin Mootlook [Sa‘d bin Mutlaq al-Muṭayrī], the self-professed agent of Korshid Pasha [Khūrshid Pasha, also spelled Khorshid, Kurshid, and Kourschid Pacha in this item], Commanding the Egyptian Forces in Nedgd [Najd, also known as Nejd], and encouragement of the Chief of Bahrein [Bahrain] to break his treaty agreement with Kurshid PashaThe removal of the Residency from Bushire [Bushehr] to the island of Karrack [Kharg, also known as Khark, also spelled Kharrack in this item] following a dispute with Mirza Assad, Governor of Bushire, including: approbation of the actions of Rear-Admiral Maitland, on the Wellesley; Hennell’s suspension of communications with the Government of Fars; the honouring, by the Shah of Persia [Iran] of Mirza Assad for his recent actions and consequent British suspicions concerning the Shah's professed desire for the restoration of friendly relations with BritainThe removal of Sheik Nassir [Shaikh Nāṣir Āl Mazkūr II, a former Governor of Bushire] from Bushire, notably concern that Lieutenant-Colonel James Shirreff [also spelled Sheriff in this item], Commanding the Field Force at Kharrack, acted beyond his powers; and the Governor-General’s recommendation that Hennell arrange compensation for Sheik Nassir, maintain his residency on Karrack in good condition and inform him of the possibility of his return to the island in futureIntelligence relating to the condition and movements of the Persian ArmyThe removal to India of the British military detachment recently serving in Persia under Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Shee, and whether the Government of Bombay should have first consulted Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Chargé d’Affaires in PersiaThe vesting in Shirreff of powers of courts martial and capital punishment, authorizing the execution of death sentences in certain circumstances, on condition of consultation with the Political ResidentThe communication, obtained by HM Consul-General in Alexandria, from Mehemet Ali [Muḥammad ‘Alī Pasha al-Mas‘ūd bin Āghā, Governor of Egypt] to Kourschid Pasha to suspend military interference in the island of Bahrein, including a copy in [Ottoman] Arabic and translation (into French) of the order (ff 653-655).Physical description: 1 item (53 folios)
3. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises correspondence between Thomas Herbert Maddock, Secretary to the Government of India with the Governor-General, and John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai], with relevant enclosures, and minutes of the Governors in Council. The enclosures comprise letters to and from: Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Lieutenant-Colonel James Shirreff, Commanding the Detachment at Karrak [Kharg, also known as Khark]; the Adjutant-General of the Army; Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Shee, Commanding the British Detachment in Persia [Iran]; the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; the Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq]; and the Judge Advocate-General.The papers mainly cover:The approbation of the Governor-General of India for the actions undertaken by the Hennell relating to Khooshed Pasha [Khūrshid Pasha], Commanding the Egyptian Army in Nedgd [Najd, also known as Nejd], and negotiations for the possible return of the Residency from Karrak to Bushire [Bushehr]The disapprobation of the Governor-General of the expulsion of Sheik Nasir [Shaikh Nāṣir Āl Mazkūr II, a former Governor of Bushire] from the island of Karrak by Liuetenant-Colonel Shirreff, who is considered to have over-stepped his authority and interfered in political matters which are the remit of the Political ResidentArrangements for the removal of the British detachment in Persia, (if deemed by Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil , HM Chargé d’Affaires at Tehran, to be no longer required by the Shah of Persia), to Bagdad [Baghdad] and then Karrak for onward sea transport to Bombay, including statement by the Adjutant-General of the Army of the strength and disposition of the British detachment in Persia (f 118)Lieutenant-Colonel Shirreff’s request for powers to assemble General Courts Martial in order to deal with the alleged threat to security at Karrak from Persia, ‘incendiaries’ and ‘well-poisoners’, and assent to his request on condition that, unless under attack or siege, capital punishments must be referred to a superior authority.There is a note at the beginning of the item stating that the ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letter No. 78, dated 20th June 1839, is missing from this Collection.’Physical description: 1 item (26 folios)
4. Coll 28/96 ‘Persia. Judicial. Persian law regarding smuggling. Position of foreigners.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning the compatibility of legal safeguards in relation to the expiration of the Tariff Autonomy Treaty, agreed between the British and Persian Governments on 10 May 1928, and a new law passed by the Government of Iran in 1936 that authorised the use of the death penalty against armed smugglers, as well as their trial by military court (i.e. behind closed doors). An English translation of the law is included in the file (f 58). The file’s principal correspondents are: HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Horace James Seymour; the British Counsellor at the Legation in Tehran, Nevile Montagu Butler; and the Foreign Office. Correspondence includes: concerns raised amongst various British Government officials over the new law; a letter detailing concerns about the new law, sent by Seymour to the Iranian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Enayatollah Samiy (ff 26-28). A letter sent by Butler to the Foreign Office, dated 1 October 1936, contains an extract of French text: a portion of a memorandum written by the Armenian lawyer Raphael Aghababoff (ff 54-57).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 61; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.