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25. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 54. Part II. (From 16th to 31st January 1919.)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 January 1919. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: telegrams, memoranda, tables, and letters, containing instructions and reports.An index to the contents of this volume can be found at IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3315. The volume mostly relates to:Sick and wounded soldiersStaff issues including appointments, leave, pay, and transportArrangements for the Civil Administration in Mesopotamia, including: transfer of departments from military control; recruitment of civil servants; and development of trade and bankingMatters relating to demobilisation, including: abolition of certain units; movement of troops out of Mesopotamia; disposal of surplus equipment and supplies; arrangements for soldiers wishing to continue service; modifications to vehicles and weapons used by Force D; and supplementary instructions for inclusion in the Demobilisation Orders, India (ff 208-210)Arrangements for a post-war garrison in MesopotamiaMatters relating to the construction of railways and roadsDemand for personnel across multiple departmentsMatters relating to intelligence from wireless systemsDiscussions about the command of troops in north-western Persia [Iran] and the Caucasus regionPrisoners of warDiscussions about the role of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf [also referred to as the Political Resident, Baghdad] concerning affairs in southern PersiaDetails of animals currently used by Force DMinor details relating to the peace conference [Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920]Intelligence regarding plans to establish committees to unite Moslem [Muslim] elements throughout the ‘Arab Provinces’ of the Turkish [Ottoman] EmpireProposals concerning grass and dairy farms in MesopotamiaDiscussions about the future of the Survey service in Mesopotamia in post-war conditionsRequests to submit nominations for the Staff College at QuettaIntelligence on the political activity of the ‘Young Turk’ partyPlans for ejecting the Ottoman Government from Constantinople [Istanbul]Matters relating to published telegrams and propagandaIntelligence regarding Kurdistan.The volume also contains:Monthly distribution report of motor vehicles in service with Force D on 1 November 1918 (ff 40-62)Monthly wastage [loss or destruction of animals] return for month ending 27 October 1918 (ff 63-66)Appreciations [reports] from the Directorate of Military Operations summarising the situation in Mesopotamia, Persia, and Turkestan [historic region in Central Asia, also rendered in text as Turkistan] on 20 January (ff 72-74) and 27 January (f 189)Statements showing strength of the different contingents serving with Force D as of 9 November 1918 (ff 78-88) and on 16 November 1918 (ff 99-110)Detailed statements of ration strength of Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force on 30 November 1918 (ff 89-96), 7 December 1918 (ff 151-155), and 14 December 1918 (ff 196-201)'Weekly statement of river craft for Indian Expeditionary Force D', dated 23 January (ff 135-148)Statement of Animal Transport [types of animals and the vehicles they convey] for Force D for 24 November 1918 (ff 219-225)Monthly wastage [loss or destruction of animals] return for month ending 24 November 1918 (ff 226-229).Whilst the volume contains copies of earlier material dating from October 1918 onwards, the bulk of the material dates from January 1919.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 243; these numbers are printed, and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
26. 'HISTORICAL MEMORANDUM ON BAHREIN.'
- Description:
- Abstract: A memorandum by John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office, describing the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] with a focus on the political status of the islands at various periods; the claims to sovereignty over them put forward by Persia at various dates since 1783; and the correspondence and discussions which have taken place in connection with such claims.The memorandum begins with a brief description of the geography of Bahrain and continues with a series of summaries of historical events between the years 1783 and 1934. The summaries provide accounts of, inter alia, British punitive expeditions in 1868 and 1869, details of Exclusive Agreements signed by the Government of Bahrain and the British Government in 1880 and 1892, and the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913. A conclusion provides a summary of assertions of sovereignty over Bahrain, a review of the basis of Persian claims, and the attitude of the British Government between 1820 and 1934.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 25; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
27. 'NOTE ON BRITISH MISSION AT TEHERAN.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a note written by Owen Tudor Burne, in which the author provides a historical summary of the administration of the British Mission at Teheran [Tehran], describing a number of occasions on which the Mission had been transferred, administratively and financially, between the Foreign Office and the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 204 and terminates at the last folio with 205, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 204-205; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
28. 'Correspondence relating primarily to individual Forces, and not (with some exceptions) of general interest. Force 'D' '
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is labelled as the 'September 1918 Supplement to Volume III' (Volume III was issued in May 1917), and contains copies of correspondence relating to military expenditure and Basra administration by Expeditionary Force D. A contents page at the front of the file (folios 202-204) details the date, sender, recipient and subject of each letter. The correspondence is then arranged chronologically within two categories: 'Military Expenditure' (folios 205-215) and 'Basra Administration' (folios 215-221.) The most frequent correspondents in the file are the India Office, the War Office, the Controller of War Accounts and the Viceroy.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 201, and terminates at f 221, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
29. 'Correspondence with Accountant General Central Revenues'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises resolutions, circulars, office memorandum and correspondence issued by the following Government of India Departments: the Accountant-General, Central Revenues; the Finance Department; and the Home Department.The papers relate to rules regarding pay, leave, pensions, early retirement, the General Provident Fund, other local service and pension funds, travelling allowances, study leave rules, government advances and loans, and accounting practices and audit processes for government establishments.Also included is the file is a small amount of correspondence in Arabic and English regarding landing charges in Bahrain, in continuation of IOR/R/15/2/959. The correspondence is between the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Zachariah Cox) and the Shaikh of Bahrain (ʻIsá ibn ʻAlī Āl Khalīfah) and discusses possible increases in the existing landing charges, and donkey and sorting fees.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 241; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 13-16; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
30. 'Question of British Interference in the Administration of Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: Despatch from the Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 28 August 1929. Printed in October 1929.Covering:a brief history of the development of British concern in the internal affairs of Bahrain;fear of interference displayed by the Government of India;behaviour and attitude of the Shaikhs of Bahrain;the Customs Department - contention between Shaikh Isa [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah] and the Government of India, the collection of revenues, and the post of Director of Customs;the question of whether Bahrain has been westernised too hurriedly - lists the reforms instituted and their outcomes, including municipalities, reorganisation of the Customs Department, institution of a proper police force, appointment of an Advisor to the Shaikh, reformed courts, reforms in connection with the pearl fishery, survey, public works, education, and reform of the Waqfs;the necessity to educate natives of Bahrain to take the place of British officials, and educate rulers;recommendations.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 105, and terminates at f 108, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
31. 'Muscat: 1908-1928'
- Description:
- Abstract: Document outlining the administration and history of Muscat from 1908-28. Covering:administration – Sultan of Oman succession history; treaty relations; internal administration by Council of Ministers; role of the Political Agent, Muscat; and the responsibility for expenditure;1908 to 4 October 1913: Sultan Faisal – the successful suppression of arms traffic from Muscat;internal history of Muscat from the accession of Sultan Taimur, 4 October 1913 to 1928 – conditions for recognition of Sayid Taimur as ruler by His Majesty's Government; inefficiency of internal administration; proposals by the Political Agent for active interference in internal affairs by the Government of India and His Majesty's Government; the programme of reform accepted by the Sultan as condition of a loan; the results of the reform and loan; negotiations with Omani tribes; financial situation and the decision to employ a British Financial Advisor;relations between the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and the Ibadhi Tribes of Oman – the Oman Rebellion, 1913-21;foreign relations of Muscat, 1908-28 – treaty relations with France; relations with the United States of America, Dutch Government, Germany, Persia, and Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd];miscellaneous questions – the Muscat Order in Council; proposal for the establishment of a British Naval Base in the Musandim [Musandam] Peninsula; cession of Gwadur; oil in Muscat.It also includes a summary, lists points referred to in connection with the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, and states the view expressed by the Government of India.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 40, and terminates at f 48, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
32. 'File No. 1/3 CIRCULARS & OFFICE ORDERS received from RESIDENCY.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises circulars and notifications issued by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, primarily to the political agents at Bahrain, Muscat and Kuwait. The circulars include instructions on how different types of correspondence should be addressed so that they reach their appropriate destination or are treated correctly on receipt; the number of duplicate copies of differing types of correspondence that should be sent to the Residency for forwarding on to other agencies; that Political Agents should send all correspondence directly to the Political Resident and should not communicate themselves with outside agencies; notifications of new telegraph codes for organisations; and notifications of changes of individuals job titles, and the renaming of departments and offices.Other matters of note within the file include:instructions on how intelligence summaries should be structured, including to whom they should be sent; correspondence regarding the magistrate responsibilities of the Indian Assistant and how this is supervised;the re-opening of the British Consulate at Bandar AbbasRalph Ingham Hallows, Assistant Political Agent at Bahrain, who has been trained in civil law and has been learning Arabic; the file notes that Hallows has not been undertaking any judicial work in Bahrain, has not continued his language studies, and has not suggested arrangements to ensure that both skills are encouraged during his appointment.A message from the Prime Minister (Winston Churchill) in 1942 regarding the example he expects civil servants to set during wartime.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 68-71.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1and terminates at the back cover with 72; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-66; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
33. 'File K/5 Drilling of an Artesian Well in the Agency Garden'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains exchanges of letters between the Political Agency in Bahrain and various merchant contractors providing quotations for work associated with drilling an artesian well in the Agency garden in Manama.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 27; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-22; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
34. 'File 8/14 III MUSCAT STATE FINANCES.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a single letter and what appears to be a draft copy of an aide-memoire. The letter, dated 16 May 1950 and addressed to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat, discusses the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's response to a request for a copy of his government's budget. The draft aide-memoire, addressed to the Sultan by the Political Agent, enquires about the possibility of obtaining copies of any existing government reports or publications regarding administration and development plans.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 4; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
35. 'File 8/82 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: GWADUR IMPROVEMENTS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to the Muscat territory of Gwadur [Gwadar, Pakistan; it is written as Gwadar in some of the correspondence].The file begins with discussion of a proposal from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to devote the whole of his Gwadur revenue to the improvement of the administration and provision of public services in the territory. The correspondence goes on to cover the appointment of an Indian administrator to carry out reforms in Gwadur, under the authorisation of the Sultan.Related matters covered in the file include the following: the views of the British Agent, Gwadur, on the most urgently required reforms at Gwadur; travel and accommodation arrangements for the newly appointed administrator and his family; details of proposed reforms in various areas, such as health and education, and plans for the founding of a municipal department at Gwadur; the administrator's resignation, following a period of ill health, and the recruitment of his successor; attempts by the British to recruit more personnel (e.g. teachers, medical officers and sanitary inspectors) from India to work in Gwadur. Included in the file is a small amount of received correspondence from various candidates applying for the aforementioned positions.The file's principal correspondents are the following: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the British Agent, Gwadur; the Administrator, Gwadur; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; officials of the British Government of India's External Affairs Department.The Arabic language material consists of received correspondence from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (English translations are included). The material written in Urdu consists of one item of correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 278; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-255; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
36. Government of Bahrain Administration Report for 1926-1937, and Annual Reports for 1937-1944
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains Government of Bahrain Administrative Report for the Years 1926-1937and copies of the Government of Bahrain Annual Reportfor the Hijri years 1356-1363 (1938-1944). Each report appears to be compiled from departmental reports by Charles Dalyrmple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain, and includes a General Review authored by him. Financial and budgetary details are given for the Bahrain Government, as well as activities in various different areas, including: Pearl Diving, Police and Security, Public Health, Judicial, Public Works, Municipalities, Land Registration, Wakf [Waqf], Education, Minors' Department, and Electric Supply. The reports also contain general information concerning state visits, for example that of ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud), and important events, such as the Zubara Dispute and the death of Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah. The reports include photographic images, charts, tables and graphs.Various other Government of Bahrain officials are also associated with the reports, including Mr W B Steele, State Engineer; Group Captain H P G Leigh, State Engineer; Mr C C L de Grenier, Director of Customs and Port Officer; Mr G W R Smith, Director of Customs, Port Officer and Food Controller; Dr I Davenport Jones, State Medical Officer; Dr R H B Snow, State Medical Officer; Dr M M McDowall, Lady Medical Officer; Dr I M A Doeg, Lady Medical Officer; Mr F J Wakelin, Director of Education; Mr G E Hutchings, Principal of the Technical School; Mrs Marjorie Belgrave; Khan Sahib Mohammed Khalil Memon, Superintendent, Land Registration Department; Mr Mohamed Saleh Shater, Manama Municipality Secretary; Mr Ahmed Al Omran, Muharraq Municipality Secretary; Mr Mohamed Dowaicer, Superintendent of the Minors' Department; and Mr Ibrahim Khalfan, Passport Officer.Physical description: Pagination: These reports have their original pagination sequences, which should be used for referencing. Inserts have not been paginated.Foliation: The volumes have been given one continuous foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. The sequence begins on the front cover of the first report, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover of the final report, on number 349.