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1. 'File 2/10 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (1) Reconnaissance of Basrah, Aden, Muscat, Masirah, Murbat, Sauqrah Bay etc.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of letters, telegrams and reports related to the Air Headquarters, Iraq, planning to carry out ground reconnaissance for landing grounds and refuelling stations mid-way between Masirah and Murbat. The volume also includes instructions for landing ground reconnaissance at Sauqrah Bay [also referred to as Sukra Bay or Khor Gharum]. The instructions include descriptions of two possible landing grounds at the site.The volume also contains correspondence regarding the following:Obtaining the Sultan of Muscat and Oman’s permission in order for the work to take placeArrangement for a member of the Muscat and Oman, Council of Regency, as well as some Shaikhs, particularly the Shaikh of Masirah, Khamis bin Hilal, and other individuals to accompany the reconnaissance teamThe building of oil and petrol store at MurbatThe proceeding of two dhowsfrom Muscat to Masirah with a supervisor, labour and materials to carry out the remarking of Masirah Island landing ground, and two dhowsfrom Muscat to rendezvous with the sloop for the marking of landing grounds in Sauqrah BayReports on the reconnaissance took place in February and November 1934. The February work report contains information about Masirah Island that have been gathered from Shaikh Salim bin Nasir Al-Maj‘ali.Folios 280 to 298 of the volume consist of 19 black and white photographs which are placed in one envelope (f 299a). These are aerial photographs, and they are most likely related to the Royal Air Force (RAF) reconnaissance for landing grounds in the area between Masirah and Murbat. The front side of these photographs is dated November 1933, and the reverse side of each of them has a Royal Air Force stamp dated December 1934.The main correspondents in the volume are the Air Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Agent, Muscat; the Political Resident, Bushire; and the Government of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 299; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading flyleaves.
2. 'File 2/10 1 II. AVIATION. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (1) Reconnaissance of Basrah, Aden, Muscat, Masirah, Murbat, Sauqrah Bay Etc. AIR ROUTE.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the Air Staff Intelligence, Air Headquarters, Baghdad’s request for information to be obtained from Muscat regarding the possible establishment of a subsidiary air route from Iraq to India via the Arabian side of the Gulf. The required information was concerning the straight line Mirfah-Biraimi-Khaburah. Arrangements were made for some Royal Air Force (RAF) representatives to visit the region accompanied by a doctor, and Bertram Sidney Thomas, Financial Advisor to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.The correspondence contains information on the estimates of the cost of the journey including hire of camels; cost of feeding men and camels; presents to be given to the Shaikhs; wages and foodstuffs, coffee etc.Letters were sent to various Shaikhs and Walis in Sohar, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Baraimi [Buraimi] and other regions, asking them to assist the Royal Air Officers while conducting their work. The correspondence contains letters of certain Shaikhs such as Shaikh Salim bin Diyin [Dayyin] Al-Ka‘bi and Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih Al-Ḥārithī [Al Harthi] negotiating the terms for them to accept the RAF work to take place. It also contains reports about the troubles made by some of the Bedouin tribes.Bertram Sidney Thomas reported on his observation on the proposed seaplane flight along the south Arabian coast. He also sent a report (ff 82- 130) to the Sultan and the Political Resident on the proceedings of the RAF Trans-Oman Expedition which he conducted from Sohar to Sharjah between 12 May and 3 June 1927. The report is in two parts covering the following: preliminary situation; itinerary of expedition; description of country passed through; tribal situation and Ibn Saud; personalities; tribal considerations and the air route.The volume also includes correspondence with the Sultan of Socotra regarding the construction of landing ground in his territory near Qishn. It also includes correspondence about the Air Ministry’s interest in extending the reconnaissance to establish landing grounds along the southern coast of Arabia.Among other correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agent, Muscat; Muscat and Oman, Council of Ministers; and C Hilton Keith, Squadron Leader RAF, Sohar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
3. 'File 2/15 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (3E) R. A. F. Landing Ground at Masirah'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of secret and confidential letters, telegrams and reports related to the landing grounds at Salalah and Masirah (also Masira). This correspondence is mainly between the Air Force Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Residency, Bushire; and the Political Agency Muscat.The correspondence mainly concerns mediation with the Government of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman regarding: the visit of ship Lawrenceto Masirah Island; the development of the Muscat-Aden air route; arrangements for maintaining fuel stocks at Masirah Island; and the hiring of ship Al Sa‘idfor the purpose of transporting petrol to Masirah Island, and the cost and quantity of coal consumed by the ship.The file also contains reports from the Political Agent, Muscat to the Political Resident, Bushire on the work in progress at Masirah. The reports cover the following: Masirah Island; conversations with the Islanders; summary of results; Um Rasas; who is who on Masirah; and future policy.The file includes copies of agreements between Salim bin Said Al-‘Arami of the Janaba (also Janaibi) tribe and the Political Agency, Muscat for the hiring of the former’s house at Um Rasas in order to be used as a petrol store for the Royal Air Force. The agreement was first signed on 24 November 1932 and was renewed in 1934 and 1935 respectively.The file also contains correspondence from the Shaikh of Masirah, Khamis bin Hilal Al-Maj‘ali regarding the work taking place at the landing ground and the conditions of the workers and their payments.Other correspondences in the file relates to the following: suggestions made by the Royal Air Force for a new petrol store to be built at Shagha Island, not far from Masirah; the improvement of the landing ground at Marbat; and the building of a new landing ground at Sur Masirah.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 256; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
4. ‘File 2/19 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (3i) R.A.F. Landing Ground at Ras Al Had.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file includes correspondence in the form of telegrams, letters and memoranda related to the establishment and the later evacuation of the landing ground at Ras Al-Hadd (Also Ras Al-Had).Folios 1 to 19 are all dated 1930, and they include correspondence between the Air Headquarters, British Forces, Aden; the Political Agency, Muscat; and the Muscat and Oman Government. The correspondence concerns the issuing of permission by the Sultan for the work to take place at Ras Al-Hadd. These folios also contain petitions that were raised by the local tribes against the establishment of the landing ground in their region.The rest of the correspondence in the file is dated 1946-1947, and it is related to the arrangements for the removal of the Royal Air Force Unit at Ras Al-Hadd, and the subsequent selling of the stores and equipment belonging to the unit. Agreements were made with the Muscat Government to buy the stores. The file includes notices to tenderers which include the conditions of sale. It also includes correspondence regarding the arrangement for watchmen to be sent to safeguard the site while the evacuation was taking place. The company of Khimji Ramdas was in charge of payment matters.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 114; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
5. ‘File 2/23 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (3M) R.A.F. Landing Ground at Shinas’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file includes correspondence in the form of telegrams and letters, related to exploring the possibility of a landing ground at Shinas for the use of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The landing ground was for emergency landing and presumably a petrol dump. The file also includes correspondence related to obtaining permission for Imperial Airways to land at Shinas.The main correspondents in the file are: the Political Agency, Muscat; Air Headquarters, British Forces in Iraq; the Political Residency, Bushire; the Government of Muscat and Oman; Air Ministry, London; the Secretary of State for India, London; and the Foreign and Political Department, Government of India.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 82; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
6. ‘File 2/23 R.A.F. Landing Ground at SHINAS’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file includes correspondence in the form of telegrams and letters related to the landing ground at Shinas. The correspondence discusses the outstanding payment of the rent of the petrol store at Shinas, and the delivery of the Imperial Airways petrol and oil stored at Shinas to Khimji Ramdas Company.The correspondence also discusses a Royal Air Force (RAF) request for permission from the Government of Muscat and Oman for the inspection and the re-marking of the landing ground at Shinas, in order to make it suitable for modern high-speed aircraft. The file includes correspondence between the Muscat Government and the Wali of Shinas, Ali bin Mudhaffar, asking for his assistance with the work taking place in his region.The main correspondents in the file are: the Political Agency, Muscat; Air Headquarters, British Forces in Iraq; Imperial Airways; and the Government of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 76; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-76; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
7. 'File 2/6 II/A-8- Volume II. Karachi - Aden Civil Air Route.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports related to the agreement between the British and the Muscat and Oman governments to build air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd and the use of those grounds by the Royal Air Force as a war measure. The volume also contains correspondence related to the Karachi-Aden, and Muscat-Aden Air routes.The volume includes reports related to trouble caused by a certain Shaikh of Masirah and his followers, something which affected the work taking place and forced it to stop. Further trouble was caused by 'coolies' [pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer] striking and demanding increased wages.The volume also includes reports on the progress of the work; the budget; delays of payment claimed by the engineers; reports on ships loading and unloading at the facilities; standing orders for personnel of the Royal Air Force and British Airways stationed on the South Arabian Aerodromes in the territory of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman. It also includes copies of reports sent by the Political Agent, Muscat on his tours at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd.The main correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agency, Muscat; the Political Residency, Bushire; and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 258; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-258; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
8. 'File 2/6 Southern Arabian Air Route. II-A/8'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams, letters, and reports related to the air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) as a war measure. The correspondence is related to the arrangement for engineers and workers to be sent to the landing grounds. In the correspondence, the term 'Coolies' [a pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer] has been used to refer to workers.The volume includes correspondence related to the work in progress; situation of the workers, their salaries, health conditions, strike and replacement procedure; delays to payments claimed by the engineers; reports on ships loading and unloading at the air facilities and the capacities of those facilities; as well as correspondence with the firm of Khimji Ramdas to arrange for workers’ transportation.The volume contains correspondence between the Political Agent, Muscat and the Government of Muscat and Oman regarding the supply of workers and building materials, and the cooperation of the latter in storing fuel and other equipment in a safe, adequately guarded place. The volume also contains correspondence between the Political Residency at Bushire, and Royal Air Force officers at Sharjah and Basra to provide aircraft whenever needed by the Political Agent, Muscat or his Assistant at Salalah.The volume includes reports on the visits of officers of the Iraq Levies and the Political Resident (at different times) to the Southern Aerodromes at Bahrain, Sharjah, Muscat, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd. It also includes reports regarding RAF petrol landed, grade, quantity, and average daily rate of discharge in tonnes; the standing orders for personnel of the Royal Air Force; and the arrival of two hundred American base personnel at Salalah.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 165; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
9. 'File 2/6 KARACHI-ADEN AIR ROUTE. II-A/8'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence mainly in the form of telegrams, and letters related to the air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd used by the Royal Air Force (RAF). The correspondence covers the following subjects: the requisitions for workers supplied on the RAF account for stocking petrol; ships loading and unloading; the arrangement for a RAF officer to be sent to the landing ground in order to supervise the work; financial and handing over arrangements; workers’ conditions; water supply; visits to the landing grounds.Workers are referred to in the volume as 'coolies' [a pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer].The volume also includes minutes of a conference on the Karachi-Aden Air Route, held on 12-13 June 1942. Representatives of Civil Aviation, India and Air Headquarters, Iraq discussed the handing over of the Karachi-Aden Route to Air Headquarters Middle East, Aden and Iraq.The volume also contains correspondence with the firm of Khimji Ramdas related to outstanding bill payments and bills for unloading RAF explosives and fuel at Ras al-Hadd and Masirah. It also contains correspondence related to the customs duty on equipment imported into the Muscat State in connection with the organisation of the Karachi-Aden Air Route.The main correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agent, Muscat; the Assistant Political Agent, Salalah; His Majesty’s Ambassador in Baghdad; Air Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Resident, Bushire; J H Campbell, Executive Engineer, Civil Aviation Directorate, India; and the firm of Khimji Ramdas Firm.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 203; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. 'File 2/10 III II- B/1- Vol. II. II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (1) Reconnaissance of Basrah, Aden, Muscat, Masirah, Murbat, Sauqrah Bay etc. Air Route'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of letters, telegrams and reports related to the Royal Air Force (RAF) reconnaissance in various regions in Oman including Sauqrah Bay (referred to as Khor Gharum/Gharim), Shuwaimiya and Khuria Muria Bay.The volume includes correspondence with the Muscat and Oman, Council of Ministers regarding certain Shaikhs who had influence over the people of Sauqrah Bay to accompany RAF personnel during their operation there, and to help enforcing tribal responsibility for maintenance and safeguarding of the landing grounds and the petrol stores.The volume also includes copies of agreements between the Muscat Political Agency and Shaikh Said bin Sultan Al-Maj‘ali for rent and care of the landing grounds at Shuwaimiya and Khor Gharum/Gharim. It also includes an extract of a report of an expedition to Shuwaimiya by the commanding officer, HMS Deptford, covering the period March-April 1938.Among other correspondents in the volume are the Political Residency, Bushire; Royal Air Force Headquarters, Iraq; Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf; and the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India.A number of pages have been bound into the volume upside down (ff 28-36 and 110).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 201; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
11. ‘File 2/18 II. AVIATION B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (3H) R. A. F. Landing Ground at Khor Jarama’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file includes correspondence concerning the British Air Ministry’s request for the installation of a fuel tank at the landing ground at Khor Jarama. The installation contract was given to Khan Bahadur Nasib bin Mahomed and Son, Naval and Landing Contractor. The file also includes correspondence with the Government of Muscat and Oman regarding granting permission for the work to take place, and arrangement for dhaws[dhows, sailing vessels] to carry the Royal Air Force (RAF) materials to Khor Jarama.The main correspondents in the file are: Air Headquarters, British Forces in Iraq; the Political Resident, Bushire; the Political Agent, Muscat; and the Government of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 41; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
12. ‘File 2/21 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (3K) R.A.F. Landing Ground at Baital. Falaj.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters and telegrams related to the Royal Air Force's (RAF's) request for the acquisition of land to establish a landing ground at Bait Al-Falaj, and their request to obtain the Government of Muscat and Oman’s permission for the work to take place.Most of the file is dated 1929, apart from folios 25-26 which are dated 1933. The letter in these two folios is sent from the Muscat Political Agent to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf concerning the landing grounds at Masirah, Murbat and Bait Al-Falaj. It is most likely that there are missing folios in the file dated between 1929 and 1933.The main correspondents in the file are: Headquarters British Forces, Iraq; the Political Agency, Muscat; and the Political Residency, Bushire.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 27; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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