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13. 'File 5/4 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a short sequence of letters regarding an agreement between the State of Kuwait and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. In particular, the file discusses the work carried out by the contractor, Yusuf al Ghanim.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 18; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
14. 'File 22/16 II (A66) Gwadur'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file covers political, economic and general matters at Gwadar (which is referred to throughout as ‘Gwadur’). The file includes Annual Report of the British Agency, Gwadar for the year 1928, written by the British Agent, M Waris Ali, which includes sections on ancient history; area and population; main villages of the Gwadar territory; languages, religion and instruction; constitution, government and justice; British and state representatives; cases settled during the year under report; defence; passports and certificates of identity; frontier news in brief; shipping, communications and trade; foreign and inland commerce and the way in which both have contributed to bring about a destructive effect on Gwadar trade; fish trade; state customs, finance and baladiah; sanitation and doctor; climate, soil, rainfall and agriculture; production, industries and manufactures; mineralogy; slaves and their manumission; government buildings and their upkeep; government post office and telegraph office; meteorological and aeroplanes; banking and currency; weights and measures; the Anglo-Persian Oil Company; distinguished visitors to Gwadar during the year under report; archaeology; locusts; earthquakes; tides and tempests; and obituary for the late British agent, Raja Lal Khan, who had committed suicide after going insane one night as a result of ‘super abundance [sic] of passport drudgery and other work mixed with anxieties and cares’.The file also includes papers relating to communal disturbances at Gwadar between Khojas/Aga Khanis (who were British subjects) and Baluchis (subjects of the Sultan of Muscat). The troubles, which followed allegations of the defilement of a mosque with dung by Khojas, resulted in deaths of two members of the Khoja community, 1929-1932Physical description: Foliation: The foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each page. There is also an old foliation system (not circled), numbered 1 (folio 6); then 98 (folio 103) - end of volume.
15. Coll 30/83 'QATAR OIL CONCESSION, POLICY AND PROTECTION.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns British Government policy towards Qatar in the light of the bid by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) to obtain a concession from the Shaikh of Qatar (Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī]) to produce oil in the country. The British Government were keen that the concession should be obtained by a British company (APOC) and not by the Americans (Standard Oil Company of California). The oil concession was granted to APOC in 1935.The papers include: discussion of policy by various British Government departments and officials (notably the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle; the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department; and the Foreign Office); the security of Qatar against raids from the Arabian interior; relations between Qatar and Ibn Saud [Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, King of Saudi Arabia]; the decision of the British Government to offer military protection to Qatar in exchange for the granting of the oil concession to APOC (including discussions by the Committee of Imperial Defence, and its Standing Official Sub-committee for Questions concerning the Middle East); the development of air facilities in Qatar as a means of protecting the state, including correspondence from the Air Ministry; discussion of the Qatar boundary; note of a conversation between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and Haji Williamson (folios 147-148); the surrender to the British Government of jurisdiction over British subjects, British-protected persons, and non-Muslim foreigners in Qatar; the recognition of Shaikh Hamad as successor to the Shaikh of Qatar; British opposition to a request by the Shaikh of Qatar for machine guns and armoured cars, because of the provocative effect this would have on Ibn Saud (folios 33-35); agreement that the 1916 treaty between the British Government and the Shaikh of Qatar should be binding on his heirs and successors; and the terms on which military protection was to be afforded by the British Government (folios 12-14).The papers also include correspondence between the Shaikh of Qatar and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The papers include one item of an earlier date than the main date range: a copy of the 1916 treaty between the British Government and the Shaikh of Qatar (folios 451-452).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 501; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
16. File 2834/1917 Pt 2 'SOUTH PERSIA RIFLES'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers relating to expenditure on the South Persia Rifles and its dissolution in 1921.The principal correspondents are: the India Office; the Foreign Office; the Viceroy (Government of India), Foreign Department (later Foreign and Political Department), and Finance Department; Herman Norman, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia [Iran], Tehran [also spelled Teheran in this file] (post held by Sir Percy Cox up to May 1920); the Secretary of State for India; Treasury Chambers; and the War Office.The papers notably cover and include the following:The discussion and apportionment of costs between the Government of India and HM (Imperial) Government in 1920 and 1921The position of the Government of India regarding the South Persian Rifles, notably its: view that half the cost of the unit cannot legitimately be charged to its revenue; desire in October 1919 to be entirely relieved of the financial liability for the unit (see ff 416, 409); complaint that the heavy burden of expenditure (taxation) in Persia is unpopular in India especially in the Legislative Council and Assembly and the newspapers; protest at making further payments beyond 31 December 1920; and desire to steer the Persian Government gradually towards taking over financial support of the unit reorganised on a more economically affordable basisBritish concerns regarding the Persian Government’s ability to afford the cost of maintaining the unit should the British withdraw financial supportConsideration of the potential scale of Bolshevik (Soviet Russian) influence in north-west Persia, and the particular consequences of withdrawal of the British troops from that area concurrent to a dismantling of the South Persian Rifles, and the need to continue British financial support of the Cossack Division [Cossack Brigade] in north PersiaTensions between the India Office and the Foreign Office regarding expenditure on the maintenance of the South Persia Rifles, initially up to 31 December 1920 and subsequently up to 31 March 1921, and the India Office and Government of India’s refusal to contribute funds for the unit beyond 31 March 1921 (see ff 332-333)Norman’s repeated claims, with the general concurrence of the Foreign Office, that disbanding the unit without six months’ notice would be logistically fraught and have serious adverse political consequences, including: the conversion of ‘a body of more or less disciplined soldiery into a horde of unpaid and uncontrolled bandits’ (f 280); undermining the security of Shiraz and Kerman; and threats to British banking and commercial interests (see notably ff 366, 353, 303-304, 279-281, 161)A memorandum dated 17 February 1921 by Sydney Armitage Armitage-Smith, Financial Adviser to the Persian Government, regarding the Imperial Bank of Persia’s view on its future position in the country and with regard to the floating debt of the Persian Government (ff 310-312)Discussion of the possibility of unspent money received by the Persian Government from the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) being used to support the South Persian RiflesThe offer of the APOC to finance the Persian Government (on account of future royalties payable by them to the Persian Government), on condition of a British Financial Adviser having general control of Persian finances and the maintenance of the South Persian Rifles (ff 292-301)The apparent policy intentions of the new Persian Government (following a coup d’état 21 February 1921) notably with regard to military arrangements, including Norman’s scheme of organisation for a reduced South Persia Rifles following an indication from the British Consul in Shiraz that the new Government wishes to take over the unit (ff 270-272, 258-266)India Office minute paper dated March 1921, entitled ‘S P R. Incidence of expenditure’, detailing the history of the unit from its formation in 1916, and concluding that the department has always supported the Government of India in refusing to contribute to its maintenance after 31 March 1921, ‘a decision which was definitely taken, and communicated to the Foreign Office, on 1st Oct 1920, i.e. with six months’ notice’ (ff 247-253)The Treasury’s agreement to contribute £225,000 for the South Persia Rifles with a view to its ultimate disbandment or incorporation into the Persian Army (f 229), and the non-participation of the Government of India in the expenseArrangements proposed by the Persian Government for absorption of the unit into the Gendarmerie (ff 208-209), June 1921Financial arrangements for the winding up of the South Persian Rifles, notably in connection with the transfer of stores and equipment to the Persian Government, payment of officers and other personnel, and monetary losses to be born regarding stores left behindNorman’s continued opposition, July 1921, to disbandment of the unit, and fears about the loss of British influence, alleging: anti-British activities of Bolshevik representation in northern Persia; possible security threats to oil fields (f 161) and telegraph lines (f 155); and the new Government’s untrustworthiness and Anglophobia (ff 155-157). Norman also expresses support for the APOC loan proposal to the Persian Government for the next three months partly to prevent similar loans being tendered by US corporations such as Standard OilThe winding-up and adjustment of the accounts of the unit, 1922-23, including inter-departmental contention over specific sums of money.The papers comprise a mixture of printed, typescript and manuscript documents and mostly consist of: India Office minute papers with manuscript notes; India Office draft letters and draft telegrams; India Office Secret and Political Department registry covering papers including the subject and notes by department officials; covering letters of the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to the Under-Secretary of State for India, with related enclosures; original and copy letters; and copies of telegrams.At the front of the volume is a Political and Secret Department divider which gives the subject number and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 437; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Three additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 148-163, ff 309-312, and ff 340-347; these numbers are also written in pencil.
17. Ext 3849/44 'Persian Gulf: Rationing and clothing systems of Anglo Iranian Oil Co at Abadan'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence from Secretary to the Government of India in the External Affairs Department, New Delhi to Office of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Camp Shiraz concerning statistics on the wartime rationing and clothing system of the Anglo Iranian Oil Company at Abadan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
18. Ext 3189/41 'Iraq - Request by G.O.C. Basra. for 14 miles of piping from the Anglo Iranian Oil Co.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence between HM Ambassador to Iran and the Foreign Office, regarding a request from the General Officer Commanding Iraq for the export from Iran of materials needed for the provision of a military water supply. Owing to the difficulties foreseen in obtaining the agreement of the Iranian Government, it is suggested that the materials be obtained instead from Kirkuk or Bahrein.A list of correspondence references contained in the file appears on the front cover.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
19. Ext 6207/45 'Persian taxation of oil products supplied to the Allied Forces in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between the Foreign Office and HM Ambassador, Tehran, in which they discuss whether or not to approach the Persian Government regarding taxation on oil products supplied to the Allied Forces in Persia during the Second World War.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
20. PZ 2865/40 'Note on the India Office and the Persian Gulf areas'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file details the Government of India’s financial and administrative responsibilities towards the Persian Gulf. The text is divided into sections: ‘Iran’ (folio 2), ‘Persian Gulf’ (folios 2 to 3), ‘The Air Route’ (folio 3), ‘Oil’ (folios 3 to 4) and ‘Defence Measures’ (folios 3 to 5).The papers provide information on the Government of India’s past and current responsibilities and relations with Iran. Also discussed are concerns over a potential Russian advance through Afghanistan and Persian-German relations which in part are attributed to the reign of Reza Shah [Shah of Iran, Pahlavi dynasty].The significance of the Persian Gulf as a strategic and commercial air route to India, and as a source of oil, now and in the future is discussed. Further highlighted is the responsibility of the Foreign Office and other departments to conduct relations with the Arab states of Kuwait, Bahrein, Qatar, the Trucial Coast and Muscat, and the implementation of wartime defence methods in the region.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
21. PZ 8361/38 'Employment of German nationals in oil installations in the Middle East'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of papers regarding an investigation by the Committee of Imperial Defence, Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East relating to the employment of German nationals in oil installations, particularly by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Limited and Iraq Petroleum Company.It contains: notes from the War Office, Petroleum Department, and Secretary to the Sub-Committee; and agendas and minutes for Sub-Committee meetings on 20 December 1938 and 1 May 1939. The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 22; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
22. Coll 28/115 ‘Persia. Khorramshahr – intelligence summaries.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Typewritten monthly intelligence summaries describing events in the district of Khorramshahr, Persia [Iran], produced by the British Consul at Khorramshahr, Vere William Digby Willoughby. The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/115 ‘Persia [Iran]; Khorramshahr – intelligence summaries.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3528A). The reports cover: unrest amongst workers at the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company’s refinery at Abadan, activities of the Oil Workers’ Union; political affairs, primarily the activities and propaganda of the Tudeh Party of Iran; local elections; police; the Iranian military and navy; and Soviet interests.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the front of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 26; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
23. Coll 28/120(2) ‘Persia. Ahwaz – Consular Diaries’
- Description:
- Abstract: Monthly consular diaries submitted by HM Consul-General at Ahwaz [Ahvāz] in Persia [Iran]. The diaries cover the period January 1946 to December 1947, and describe affairs in Ahwaz under various subheadings. Subjects covered include: British officials and visitors; the evacuation of British troops from the region as part of an Anglo-Soviet agreement following the end of the Second World War; Persian officials and visitors; movements of foreigners; Soviet interests; communications, including railways and postal services; agricultural production, including food supply, food prices, and price controls; tribes, including the Bakhtiari; local politics, including the activities of local political parties, in particular the Tudeh Party of Iran; local elections; local press; internal security, and Persian military activities in the region; regional affairs, including the region’s Arab population and affairs in Luristan [Lorestān]; health, including diseases and medicine; education; meteorological observations, including rainfall statistics; the affairs of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), including a description of events at Abadan on 14 July 1946, in which a riot at the AIOC refinery resulted in the deaths of at least twenty-four people (ff 39-42). Also included in the file is a report entitled an ‘Appreciation of local conditions from November 1945 to May 1946’ (ff 44-48).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 111; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
24. Coll 28/85S (1) ‘Persia. Abadan and S. W. Persian oilfields; Protection of British interests.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers relating to strikes and social unrest amongst workers on the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company’s (AIOC) oilfields in southern Iran (frequently referred to as Persia throughout the file), and the AIOC refinery at Abadan. The file’s principal correspondents include: the British Ambassador at Tehran, John Haller Le Rougetel; the Counsellor for Indian Affairs at the British Embassy in Tehran, Clarmont Percival Skrine; the Foreign Office.The file covers: initial reports of unrest at Abadan in May 1946; the Tudeh Party of Iran’s perceived involvement in fomenting unrest amongst AIOC employees; unrest amongst Indian AIOC employees, and discussion amongst British officials over plans to repatriate perceived ringleaders back to India; the despatch of Indian troops to Shaiba [Shu‘aybah] in Iraq, that could be deployed to quell social unrest in southern Iran if required; accounts of events on 14 July 1946, in which violent clashes occurred between socialist activists associated with the Tudeh Party who supported AIOC workers, and representatives of the Arab Tribal Union; a facsimile of an account of the events 14 July 1946 written by Vere William Digby Willoughby, British Consul at Khorramshahr (ff 214-249); a report on working and living conditions for Indian AIOC employees, submitted by the Indian Press Officer attached to the British Embassy in Tehran (ff 170-181); a report entitled ‘Social and municipal development carried out by the Anglo-Iranian Company, Limited, in Abadan and the south Persian oilfields’, submitted by the AIOC Chairman, William Fraser (ff 143-162); a report on AIOC labour conditions in Iran, submitted by K J Hird, Labour Attaché at the British Embassy in Tehran, dated 31 December 1946 (ff 87-101); the withdrawal of Indian troops from Shaiba in April 1947, in response to a stabilisation of the political situation in Iran; quarterly reports on affairs at AIOC, prepared by HM Consul-General at Khorramshahr, describing worker morale, potentially subversive activities, social improvements for workers, etc.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 557; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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