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37. File 1749/1921 ‘Persian Gulf:- Residency news summaries 1921-25’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume mainly contains copies of printed monthly summaries of news (Bushire Residency Diary entries) received by the British Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, and India Office Political Department minute papers prefacing and commenting on the news summaries.The news summaries cover the period January 1921 to December 1925 (there is no summary for February 1921). Summaries from January 1925 to July 1925 cover fortnightly rather than monthly periods. The summaries were compiled by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Prescott Trevor, Acting Political Resident in the Persian Gulf Stuart George Knox, Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Beville Prideaux, and Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Gilbert Crosthwaite, respectively).The summaries cover areas in Persia [Iran] including: Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], Dizful [Dezful], Ahwaz [Ahvāz], Ispahan (Isfahan), Shiraz, Behbehan [Behbahān], Bushire, Bunder Abbas [Bandar Abbas], Kerman, Mekran [Makran], Shushtar, Bakhtiari, and Lingah. They also cover Muscat, the Trucial Coast, Bahrain, and Kuwait.The summaries cover various subjects, including: movements of British officials, Persian Officials, non-officials, and foreigners; health; Persian ports; arms traffic; military affairs; the Anglo-Persian Oil Company; the Shaikh of Mohammerah; and roads.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 237; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
38. File 2249/1915 Pt 1 ‘Oil: Mesopotamia & Persia: General File’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers concerning oil exploration and applications for oil concessions in Mesopotamia [Iraq] and in the frontier region between Mesopotamia and Persia [Iran] during and in the years following the First World War, when Mesopotamia was under British military occupation and administration. The papers cover: an application for an oil concession on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, made to the British Government by the Motor Petrol Association Limited, 1918; an application made to the Government by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) for an extension of their Persia oil concession to cover the ‘Persian Gulf littoral’, 1918; the development of an oilfield at Naft Khana [Nafţ Khānah] in Mesopotamia, with company expenditure paid from British military funds; discussion of the position of the Turco-Persian frontier in relation to the Naft Khana oilfields; the transfer of territory from Persia to Mesopotamia, and the formation of a new company by APOC to apply for concession rights in this territory; discussion between the British civil administration in Mesopotamia, HM Petroleum Executive, APOC, the India Office and Foreign Office, on future oil policy in Mesopotamia; the US Ambassador in London’s concern that representatives of the Standard Oil Company of New York were being forbidden to undertake geological surveying work in Mesopotamia, 1919.The file’s principal correspondents are: the Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia, Arnold Talbot Wilson; the India Office; the Foreign Office; HM Petroleum Executive.The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 236; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
39. File 2834/1917 Pt 4, 'South Persia Rifles: - General correspondence regarding disbandment. Disposal of arms, ammunition, stores etc.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item relates to the disbandment of the South Persia Rifles, including attempts (in the opinion of the India Office) of the Foreign Office and HM Minister in Tehran to prolong its existence, and the disposal of arms, ammunition, equipment and medical stores.The principal correspondents are: Herman Norman, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia [Iran], Tehran (up to September 1921); the Foreign Office; the India Office; the Viceroy (Government of India), Foreign and Political Department; and Reginald Francis Orlando Bridgeman, diplomat, British Legation in Tehran (from October 1921).The papers notably cover and include the following:Admiralty memorandum arguing that disbandment may lead to a breakdown in law and order in the southern provinces creating a threat to naval fuel supplies from south Persia oil fields (f 152)A suggestion by the High Commissioner of Mesopotamia [Iraq] that the Anglo-Persian Oil Company be approached to advance funds to the British Financial Advisor to the Persian Government, in order to maintain the unit and so prevent ‘disorder and riot’ ensuing in south Persia’ (f 154)Norman’s negotiations with the Persian Prime Minister regarding the latter’s possible takeover of the South Persia Rifles, including the refusal of the Medjliss [Majlis, Iranian Parliament] to accept six-month contracts with British officers; Norman’s and the Foreign Office’s outright rejection of a new proposal by the Persian Prime Minister which is considered ‘impudent’ (ff 168-169); and decision to accelerate the disbandment considering the lack of funds for the unitThe Foreign Office’s rejection of a suggestion that the Governor-General of Isfahan [also spelled Ispahan in this item] (or Bakhtiyārī Khān) be allowed to acquire arms and ammunition of the South Persia Rifles (f 178)Copies of communications between Norman and the Persian Prime Minister, June-July 1921, in which the latter requests that the British Government: continue to finance the unit for another three to four months until other European (Swedish) officers can take over from British ones; and give Persia the stores and arms gratis (ff 113-115, 122-129)A revised offer of the Persian Government, conveyed by Norman September 1921, to take over the remaining South Persia Rifles, without British and Indian officers and officials, pay its expenses out of its own revenues and buy its arms and stores from the British Government on concessionary terms (ff 107-109), and Norman’s intimation that refusal could turn Persian public opinion against Britain and lead to disorder in southern Persia (the proposal is rejected by the British Government)Norman’s insistence that the order for the destruction of the Isfahan detachment’s arms is suspended and they are conveyed through ‘Bakhtiari country’ to Ahwaz [Ahvaz] for ‘future eventualities’, and the British Government’s refusal to sanction the ‘sale of arms or munitions to any tribesmen including Bakhtiaris’ (ff 86-87)A report from the Kerman Consular Officer, conveyed by Norman 24 September 1921, regarding disorders and robberies on a large scale in the province of Fars allegedly resulting from news of the impending disbandment of the unit (f 77)A proposal for the disposal of the medical stores of the South Persia Rifles at Kerman to the Medical Officer of the Church Missionary Society Mission, including the agreement of the Viceroy of India for their transfer as a gift or purchase at concessional rates and the Treasury’s view that the Mission should instead be charged a (higher) ‘fair price’ (ff 119, 67, 23)A South Persia Rifles proposal in October 1921, supported by Bridgeman, British Legation in Tehran, to sell 700 rifles and ammunition, equipment and animals for a small force in Fars to help avert disorder in the region and prevent ill-feeling against the departing British who may otherwise destroy the remaining arms and equipment, including support of the Government of India and India Office, and agreement of the Foreign Office for their use in Fars despite the ‘recent attitude of the Persian Government and Persian public opinion’ towards Britain (ff 58-64, 69-75)A request, October-November 1921, of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company to purchase from the disbanding unit 300 rifles, and Bridgeman’s dismissal of a rumour that the company plans to recruit 300 more guards for its operations in Kashgai (ff 25-33)Report by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on the arrival in Bushire [Bushehr] of the last convoy of South Persia Rifles from Shiraz, 9 November 1921, in which he details an attack on the garrison at Kazerun and expresses concerns for the future security of the Bushire-Shiraz and Bandar Abbas-Kerman roads, (ff 15-20)Foreign Office response to questions submitted by Sir Charles Yate MP regarding the terms on which the men of the South Persian Rifles have been disbanded, details of the disposal of equipment, guns and stores, the costs of the evacuation, and potential recompense to the Government of India for its expenditure on the force (ff 7-12).The papers comprise a mixture of printed, typescript and manuscript documents and mostly consist of: copy telegrams, copy letters, covering letters of the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to the Under-Secretary of State for India, with related enclosures; India Office Political Department registry covering papers including the subject and notes by department officials; India Office minute papers with manuscript notes; India Office draft letters and draft telegrams; original and copy letters.Physical description: 1 item (184 folios)
40. File 3136/1914 Pt 1 ‘German War. Situation in Turkish Arabia & Persian Gulf’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers concerning diplomatic tensions between the British and Ottoman Governments at the outset of the First World War, including social unrest and military/naval movements in Baghdad, Basra, and the Shatt al-Arab. The volume’s papers were produced prior to the Ottoman Ruler Sultan Mehmed V’s declaration of war on Britain, France and Russia on 11 November 1914. The papers cover:The activities of Seyyid Talib [Saiyid Talib ibn Saiyid Rajab], former Governor (Wali) of Basra, in June 1914, including his attack on Basra and occupation of Zobeir [Zubayr].Reports of growing anti-British sentiment at Basra and Baghdad, and proposals to evacuate British women and children from the area in the event of war with Ottoman Turkey.Diplomatic exchanges between the British and Ottoman Governments, over the presence of British vessels (in particular HMS Odin) in the Shatt al-Arab, and in international waters off the coast of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr].Interruptions to British steamship services at Basra and Baghdad, particularly those of the Euphrates & Tigris Steam Navigation Company, as a result of Ottoman actions that include the requisitioning of coal at Basra.British officials’ concerns over the status of Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s operations at Abadan, including the reluctance of vessels to travel up to the head of the Persian Gulf to Abadan, and the British Government’s assurances that vessels travelling to Abadan and Mohammerah would be covered by War Insurance.British officials’ concerns over rumours that the Ottoman Navy plans to mine the Shatt al-Arab.The file’s principal correspondents include: the India Office (John Evelyn Shuckburgh; Edmund George Barrow; Arthur Hirtzel); the Foreign Office (Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe; Louis du Pan Mallet); the Viceroy of India (Charles Hardinge); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Stuart George Knox).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 330; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the leading flyleaf and ending flyleaf, have not been foliated.
41. File 3516/1914 Pt 6 'German War: Persia; general situation May-July 1915'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns events that happened in Persia and Balochistan, during the First World War. The main focus is measures to be taken in the event of Persia entering the War against Great Britain.The volume covers:Advice of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on measures to be taken in Balochistan, in order to form alliances with the rulers (Khans) and maintain a British Protectorate after the war.Recommendations of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on reinforcing British troops at Bushire.Situation in Tehran, and the arrest at Bushire of the German Consul, Listemann.Offering of so-called 'bribes' to the Bakhtiari tribe and to other tribes in Arabistan, to convince them to support the British.Despatch of Russian troops in northern Persia, at Enzeli [Bandar Anzali, Iran], and Resht [Rasht, Iran].Assassination of Alexandre Kaver, Russian Vice-Consul and Manager of the Russian Bank at Isfahan.Situation at Kermanshah; withdrawal of the British Consul for Hamadan and evacuation by British and Russians.Translations of telegrams from the Persian Foreign Ministry regarding the War.German plot in Persia, led by the German Consul at Shiraz, Herr Wassmuss, with support of the Swedish gendarmerie.Protest of Persian Government against British military operations in Arabistan.Naval measures for the defence of Persian Gulf ports.Arrival of Russian troops in Isfahan, centre of German activities in Persia.Notes on the political situation in Persia by Vice-Admiral Edmond Slade.Attack on Anglo-Persian Oil Company's British employees drilling on the Island of Kishm [Qeshm, Iran].Resignation of Persian Cabinet on 3 July 1915; difficulties in the formation of a new cabinet.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Charles Hardinge, Viceroy of India; Thomas William Holderness and Arthur Hirtzel, India Office; Percy Cox, Political Resident in Persian Gulf; Walter Gordon Neale, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf; Walter Beaupre Townley and Charles Marling, British Ministers at Tehran; W MacDouall, British Consul for Kermanshah; G Grahame, British Consul-General at Isfahan, Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe, Foreign Office; Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; John Nixon, General Officer Commanding, Force 'D', Basrah; the Admiralty; Imperial Bank of Persia; Anglo-Persian Oil Company; Strick, Scott and Co.There is a newspaper cutting, from The Times.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-237; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
42. File 3516/1914 Pt 8 'German War: Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the situation in Persia during the First World War. The main focus is the plan for the British occupation of Bushire.The volume covers:Measures to be taken at the Persian Gulf Ports in case of armed intervention against Persia, issued by the Admiralty to the Commander-in-Chief for East Indies.German activities;.Relations between Persia and the 'Entente Powers': appeal of Persian Government to French Government for support and withdrawal of British and Russian forces from Persia.Plans for occupation of Bushire.Plans to dispatch troops from Force 'D'.Relations with Haidar Khan, chief of Hayat Daoud [Ḥayāt-dāwudi] tribe.Censorship of Persian mails from Bushire and Bandar Abbas.Proposed deportation to India of Governor of Gulf Ports.Evacuation of British Consul and community from Shiraz.Attack on British Consul at Isfahan.Relations with Persian Government.Proposed ultimatum to Persian Government, rejected to protect the Anglo-Persian Oil Company pipeline.Restoration of Persian authority at Bushire and termination of British occupation in September 1915.Imperial Bank of Persia's report on the political situation in Bushire (ff 16-18).The volume’s principal correspondents are: William Graham Greene and W F Nicholson, Admiralty; Charles Marling, British Minister at Tehran; Charles Hardinge, Viceroy of India; Thomas William Holderness and Arthur Hirtzel, India Office; Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe and Maurice de Bunsen, Foreign Office; Percy Cox, Political Resident in Persian Gulf; Arthur Prescott Trevor, Officer on Special Duty in the Persian Gulf; Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Persian Foreign Minister; Alfred Hamilton Grant, Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; Imperial Bank of Persia.There are documents in French, from the French Embassy in London.There is a map within the file, showing ' Tribal districts between Arabistan and Bushire' (folio 135).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 215; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
43. File 4533/1920 'Persia: Financial Situation'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, correspondence and minutes regarding the financial affairs of the Government of Persia [Iran].The papers notably cover:Financial requirements for the Government of PersiaCost of the movement of British forcesRefund and paymentPayment of Cossack Division officersProposed loans to the Persian Government from the Imperial Bank of Persia, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the Standard Oil Company, and the governments of the United States and RussiaProvision of financial assistance to the Persian Government.The principal correspondents are the British Legation at Tehran and the Foreign Office.The volume includes a divider, which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the front of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 263; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional mixed foliation/pagination sequences are also present.
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