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13. Ext 118/48 'Request by American Arabian Oil Co Dhahran for copies of various publications relating to the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding a request by the Arabian American Oil Company for copies of various government publications relating to the Persian Gulf. The primary correspondents are: United Overseas Petroleum Co Ltd; Foreign Office; Commonwealth Relations Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
14. PZ 1058/1939 'Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence relating to the Standard Oil Company of California's oil concession in Bahrein [Bahrain]. The correspondence is concerned with whether or not it would be appropriate for Imperial Airways to assist the Californian company in developing aerial infrastructure in Arabia. In particular, the company feels it would be useful to be able to employ the use of aircraft between Bahrein and the area in which they are drilling, and between Bahrein and Jedda [Jeddah], where their main office is located. The possibility of the company forming an alliance/partnership with Germany is discussed by British officials. Copies of the letters were forwarded to the India Office and are included in the file (f 11 is a copy of f 5 and ff 12-13 are copies of ff 6-7).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at inside back cover with 14; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
15. Coll 30/110(2) 'Oil: Oil concessions on the Trucial Coast. Negotiations with Sheikhs. Ras-al-Khaimah Agreement. Abu Dhabi.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns negotiations between Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) and the rulers of several states on the Trucial Coast over oil concession agreements. Petroleum Concessions Limited was the company approved by the British Government to seek oil concessions in the area; it later operated under its subsidiary company Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited. The papers principally relate to Ras-al-Khaimah and Abu Dhabi, but also concern Dubai, Sharjah, Umm-al-Qaiwain, Ajman, and Kalba.The papers consist of correspondence and memoranda issued by the India Office, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Political Agent, Bahrain; and correspondence from the oil companies involved and local rulers (including four folios in Arabic, with English translations).The papers cover: correspondence concerning undertakings by local rulers to protect oil surveying parties in their territories, and the amount of their liability in the event of any incidents; the involvement of Major Frank Holmes and Haji Williamson [William Richard Williamson]; the demarcation of boundaries in the Trucial Coast; draft agreements relating to Ras-al-Khaimah; British concern over interest in the area on the part of the American company California Arabian Standard Oil; the definition of the phrase 'the Trucial Sheikhs' (folios 386-387); papers concerning a request by PCL for permission from the British Government to employ a French assistant geologist (August-September 1937); a PCL report on the progress of negotiations in Abu Thabi [Abu Dhabi], February 1938 (folios 218-226); other draft agreements; minutes of meetings between British officials and PCL; statement giving the financial terms of certain oil agreements in Arabia (folios 144-147); and the prolongation of the agreement between the Ruler of Ras-al-Khaimah, Shaikh Sultan bin Salem, and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited in 1941, as a result of the international situation (the Second World War, 1939-45).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 454; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-454; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
16. Coll 30/169 'Lights and Buoys: Buoying of approaches to Ras Tanurah on behalf of California Arabian Standard Oil Co.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns an approach to the India Office from the California Arabian Standard Oil Company Limited (CASOC), for assistance with the buoying of the channel leading to the company's chosen anchorage at Ras Tanura [Ra’s Tannūrah]. The request is contained in correspondence from the company's representative, Hamilton R Ballantyne, of Ballantyne and Company, London.The papers show that the Government of India and other British Government departments agreed to the request. The laying and maintenance of the buoys was to be undertaken by the Port Director, Basra, who would also employ a ship to carry out the work.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 56; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
17. Coll 30/217(1) 'Trans-Arabian Pipe Line (Persian Gulf - to Mediterranean)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns oil company proposals for the construction of a Trans-Arabian oil pipeline between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean. The file largely consists of papers relating to Trans-Jordan and Palestine, and to a lesser extent, Saudi Arabia and Egypt (including correspondence from the Colonial Office, the High Commissioner for Palestine, and the Ministry of Fuel and Power, and memoranda issued by the Cabinet Chiefs of Staff Committee).The papers also include: correspondence concerning a proposal from the Arabian-American Oil Company (Aramco) for a hydrographic survey of the coast of Koweit [Kuwait] (including the Kuwait Neutral Zone), May-August 1945; and discussion of agreements between various oil companies (including the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) relating to Kuwait oil, December 1946-June 1947.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 154; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
18. Coll 6/67(6) 'Boundaries of South-Eastern Arabia and Qatar: Trucial Coast Oil Concessions'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume concerns British policy regarding the south-eastern boundaries of Saudi Arabia, specifically its border with Qatar.The correspondence and memoranda near the beginning of the volume discuss from a British perspective the origins and recent history of the boundary dispute, which is described as having been in abeyance since 1938; much of the later correspondence is concerned with whether the British should make renewed attempts to reach an agreement with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] .References are made to various existing and proposed boundary lines, the most recent of the latter is the 'Riyadh line' (the name given to the boundary proposed by the British to the Saudi Government in November 1935, referred to elsewhere as the 'final offer').Notable correspondents include the following: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Charles Geoffrey Prior, succeeded by William Rupert Hay); the Political Agent, Bahrain (Reginald George Alban, Edward Birkbeck Wakefield, and Cornelius James Pelly); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Stanley R Jordan, succeeded by Laurence Barton Grafftey-Smith); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India's External Affairs Department, and the Ministry of Fuel and Power (Petroleum Division); representatives of the United States' State Department, Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited, Petroleum Concessions Limited, and the Iraq Petroleum Company respectively.Related matters of discussion include:Ibn Saud's claims regarding the south-eastern frontiers of Saudi Arabia, particularly those relating to Jebel Nakhsh [Khashm an Nakhsh, Qatar] and Khor-el-Odeid [Khawr al ‘Udayd, Qatar].Reports in 1941 of a rumour that the Shaikh of Qatar [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī] and Ibn Saud have reached an agreement regarding the Saudi-Qatar boundary.The likelihood of oil prospecting either near or within the disputed territory, and its implications for the territorial dispute.British concerns in 1947 regarding the possibility of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) initiating drilling operations in the seabed near to the disputed territory.The precise location of proposed drillings by Petroleum Concessions Limited in the Qatar Peninsula.A reported complaint in 1947 from the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi [Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan] that Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited has laid buoys in his territorial waters.Whether the British should permit or impede a proposed survey in Qatar by Petroleum Concessions Limited, which is thought likely to provoke protests from Ibn Saud.Also included are three maps depicting the eastern and south eastern parts of the Arabian Peninsula.The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 195; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
19. Coll 6/57 'U.S.A.: Saudi Relations with U.S.A.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns relations between Saudi Arabia and the United States, and features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires to Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Washington (Ronald Ian Campbell); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader William Bullard, and later, Stanley R Jordan); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Secretary of State for India; the United States Consul, Dhahran; Isaiah Berlin (writing from the British Embassy, Washington); officials of the Foreign Office and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.The correspondence includes discussion of the following:The United States Government's recognition of King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in 1931.The conclusion of a provisional agreement between the United States and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, regarding diplomatic and consular representation, juridical protection, commerce and navigation, dated 7 November 1933.Details of the visit of Colonel Harold Hoskins, President Roosevelt's personal envoy, to Saudi Arabia in August 1943.Details of the visit of Emir Feisal [Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd], Saudi Minister for Foreign Affairs, and his brother Khalid [Khalid ibn 'Abdul 'Aziz Āl Sa‘ūd], to the United States in September-October 1943.The United States Government's request to establish consular representation in Saudi Arabia, which the British Government advises Ibn Saud to accept.The reflections of Foreign Office officials on the United States' possible economic and strategic interests in Saudi Arabia.Ibn Saud's acceptance of the appointment of a United States Consul at Dhahran in 1944.In addition to correspondence, the file includes a copy of the aforementioned Saudi-United States provisional agreement, plus a number of extracts from various United States newspapers and news agencies.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 66; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-64; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
20. Coll 6/64 'South-Eastern Boundaries in [Arabia] – Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913. Attitude of U.S.A.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to boundaries in eastern Arabia (specifically Saudi Arabia and Qatar). It concerns British policy regarding what is referred to as the 'blue line' (the frontier which marked the Ottoman Government's renunciation of its claims to Bahrain and Qatar, as laid down in the non-ratified Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 and redefined and adopted in the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of the following year).Much of the correspondence relates to a request for a copy of the 1913 Anglo-Ottoman Convention, which was submitted by the United States Embassy in Angora [Ankara] to its British counterpart (reportedly on behalf of the United States' State Department), as well as to the wider significance of this request in relation to the United States' oil interests in the region.The correspondence also discusses Foreign Office concerns that aerial survey work carried out by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc) in relation to its Hasa oil concession might extend beyond the blue line (subsequent correspondence relays reports of Casoc's aeroplane having crossed the blue line).Although the date range of the file is 1913-1934 most of the material dates from 1934. In addition to correspondence from 1934, the file includes two letters between officials of the Foreign Office and the India Office dating from 1924, and printed copies of the Anglo-Ottoman Conventions of 1913 and 1914 (in English and French), both of which contain enclosed maps (with text in English and Arabic). Also included with the Conventions are printed copies of agreements and treaties between Britain and various Gulf rulers, covering 1820-1904, and printed copies of Anglo-Ottoman protocols, covering 1903-1905.Notable correspondents include the following: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the British Ambassador in Angora (Percy Loraine); Hugh Millard, United States Embassy, London; officials of the Foreign Office and the India Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 91; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
21. Coll 6/91 'Saudi Arabia. Policy of H.M.G. Qn. of credits and guarantee of assistance to Ibn Saud.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns British policy towards Saudi Arabia during the Second World War (the abbreviation 'Qn' in the title stands for 'Question'). The correspondence discusses the question of providing financial or material assistance to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], as well as the United States' growing economic and strategic interests in Saudi Arabia.The file features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader Bullard, Hugh Stonehewer Bird, and Stanley R Jordan successively); the Secretary of State for India (Leo Amery); the Viceroy of India (Archibald Percival Wavell); the Chancellor of the Exchequer (John Anderson); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Treasury, the Government of India's Finance and External Affairs Departments, and the United States Embassy in London.Related matters of discussion include the following:The idea (initially discussed in correspondence dating from 1939) of an alliance or a bloc of Arab states (chiefly comprised of Saudi Arabia and the Yemen), which would support the Allied cause.The Italo-German reaction to Ibn Saud's refusal to receive German diplomat Dr Fritz Konrad Ferdinand Grobba, a decision that was applauded by the British.Italian influence in the Middle East.Anglo-French co-operation in the Middle East.Details of the Saudi Government's finances (i.e. expenditure and revenue) during the early war years.Arrangements for loans and payments from the British to the Saudi Government, as well as details of royalties and loans paid to the Saudi Government by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc).Proposals for an irrigation and agricultural mission to Saudi Arabia, headed by a United States agricultural expert.Conversations between Ibn Saud and United States General Patrick Hurley during the latter's visit to Riyadh in May 1943.The Government of India's decision in 1942 not to allow pilgrim ships to sail from India to Saudi Arabia, because of a risk of the ships being attacked.Ibn Saud's requests in 1944 for the British Government to send to Saudi Arabia financial and military advisers, preferably Sunni Moslems [Muslims].The proposed appointment of Ibn Saud's requested financial adviser, which is delayed and eventually abandoned, following the United States' suggestion that the position be given to a United States adviser, because of the United States' 'preponderant interest' in the Saudi economy.The file includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 339; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 262-286; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
22. Coll 6/79 'Oil: Oil concessions in South East Arabia (Rub'al Khali).'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to oil concessions in south-eastern Saudi Arabia. Much of the correspondence discusses British concerns regarding the possibility of oil being discovered in the Ruba' al Khali [Rubʻ al Khālī], and the bearing that such a discovery might have on the question of the eastern and south-eastern frontiers of Saudi Arabia. Also discussed are the prospect of Petroleum Concessions Limited securing an oil concession for territory in the Ruba' al Khali, and the extent of the territory covered in the concession secured by the Standard Oil Company of California in 1933.The file features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader William Bullard); Major Stephen Hemsley Longrigg of Petroleum Concessions Limited; officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office and the Admiralty.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 40; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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