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1. '11/7 SAUDI ARMS REGULATIONS'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns new arms regulations concerning the prohibition of the import, sale, carrying and possession of arms in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which were issued by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in October 1935. The correspondence in the file is between Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, Political Agent at Bahrain, and Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire. In addition, there are copies of correspondence with John Charles Walton, India Office, London; Sir Andrew Ryan, His Majesty's Ambassador, Jedda; George William Rendel, Foreign Office, London; and Albert Spencer Calvert, British Legation, Jedda.The correspondence includes a translation of the regulations consisting of twenty-four articles published on 3 Shabān 1354 [31 October 1935] in the Saudi newspaper Umm al Qura [Umm al-Qurá] (folios 8-15); highlights of articles that immediately affect foreigners (folios 17-18); the effect of the regulations on Bahraini shaikhs going to the mainland for hawking (folio 18); the effect of the regulations on Muscat, Bahrain, the Trucial Coast and Kuwait (folios 19-21, as well as Qatar (folio 22); and Ryan's views concerning how the policy will affect internal politics in Saudi Arabia (folios 28-31).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
2. '[Un-numbered File] Muscat Diary 1905-1907'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains several types of documentation with information on the condition of the country, arrivals and departures of ships, movement of British representatives, missionary enterprises, aviation etc. However, the bulk of the file consists of weekly reports containing the main political news of the day filed by the Political Agent in Muscat to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. The reports are organised as a series of bullet points representing the events of each day of the week. Of note are a series of regular standardised forms titled 'Statement of Arms and Ammunition landed at Muscat'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 271; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence between ff 14-204 and between ff 236-270, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
3. 'Arms traffic (outside Persian Gulf)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns arms traffic outside of the Persian Gulf. Specifically, the document discusses what it refers to as the 'spasmodic' illicit traffic of arms (as opposed to 'systematic' traffic) which has been carried out by masters of dhows carrying other merchandise. Most of the file is concerned with the traffic of arms from Jibuti [Djibouti] – which is referred to as ' thedistributing centre [original italics]' for the arms trade outside of the Persian Gulf – to ports in the Gulf of Aden.The document provides a brief history (from a British perspective) of traffic from Jibuti in the years since the signing of the Brussels Convention in 1890. It summarises, and provides references to, letters and despatches from a number of British authorities, which discuss various issues relating to the arms trade out of Jibuti, including: the extent to which traffic at Jibuti has been regulated; the possible threat that the traffic poses to the Aden garrison; the effects of measures taken by the French to curtail the traffic from Jibuti; other possible ports of supply, such as Zanzibar, Muscat and the Aden Protectorate ports.Also discussed are the attitudes of the maritime chiefs to the arms traffic, the various preventive measures available to the Resident at Aden for dealing with the effects of the traffic at Aden, an account of measures taken both by the British Somaliland authorities and by the Italian authorities, and an evaluation of the naval measures taken by the British since 1901. The file concludes by noting that one possible solution to the problem could be the deployment of armed dhows, a measure which previously has been advocated by the naval authorities, the Viceroy and the Resident at Aden.The document is attributed to P H D [P H Dumbell, Reading Clerk to the Council, India Office].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. 'Book No. 49'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume of private and secret letters contains correspondence from successive Residents in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, including Captain Ephraim Gerrish Stannus, Captain David Wilson, Dr John MacNeil, Lieutenant Samuel Hennell and David Arnold Blane. The correspondence is to William Newnham, Chief Secretary to the Government of India; Lieutenant-Colonel McDonald, Envoy to the Court of Persia; Charles Morris, Acting Chief of Sectary to the Government of Bombay; and W S Collinson, Commander and Senior Marine Officer in the Persian Gulf, Bassadore [Bāsa‘īdū]. There are various enclosures included in the correspondence, including translations of letters and notes from: Shaik Ahmed of Bushire [Shaikh Aḥmad]; the Prince of Shiraz; Shaik Russool [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rasūl], the Governor of Bushire; Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd, the Imam of Muscat, and his agent, Hajee Abdool Ameer [Ḥājjī ‘Abd al-Amīr]; and Shaik Abdoollah ben Ahmed [‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], chief of Bahrain. In addition, an enclosure (folio 18) is a 'Table showing the entire operations of 4 Cruizers destined for Services connected with the Persian Gulf'.There is an index of letters on folio 2v-3. A note on folio 2r states that 'interesting titles' are marked with a blue cross in the index. Subjects included within the file include: British influence in the Persian Gulf, including relations with Persia, the Wahhabis, Muscat, Bahrain and the Shaikhs on the Arab coast; the movement of vessels and naval issues; movements of native and merchant ships; maintaining the maritime peace; legal claims and disputes; ports in the Persian Gulf and their suitability for steamers; arms trafficking; visits to various locations on the Arab coast, including Sharjah and Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: An original pagination sequence written in ink is present in the volume between ff 4-95.
5. 'File 8/1 Arms Traffic'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between the various Political Agents in the Persian Gulf, the Political Resident at Bushire, the ruler of Kuwait, and various other officials on the arms trade in the Persian Gulf. Most of the papers pertain to a broad attempt to control the illegal trade in arms. The correspondents speculate and investigate the manufacture of arms- and the geographic origins, smuggling routes, and identities of intermediaries involved in the arms trade. Most of the trade occurs between the Arab ports of the Persian Gulf, southern Iraq, and the ports of the Persian side of the Gulf, but particularly the Makran coast.Of note is a widespread investigation into the theft of arms from the Iraqi Army carried into the Arabian Peninsula by way of Bedouin tribesmen.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 310; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
6. 'The Arms Traffic in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is a report regarding arms traffic in the Persian Gulf written by John Evelyn Shuckburgh of the India Office's Political Department. The main body of the report (ff 30-51) is divided up as follows:I. Summary of Early History;II. The Situation in 1907;III. Events in 1907-09;IV. Events subsequent to Brussels Conference: Naval Blockade Operations.Following the report, the file contains a series of appendices (ff 52-58), the details of which are as follows:I. Treaty between United States and Muskat [Muscat], 1833;II. Treaty between France and Muskat, 1844;III. Anglo-French Declaration, 1862;IV. Gwadur Prohibition, 1891;V. Persian Agreement, 1897;VI. Muskat Agreement, 1898;VII. Bahrein [Bahrain] Agreement, 1898;VIII. Restrictions on British Traders at Muskat; Regulations issued 1898;IX. Koweit [Kuwait] Agreement, 1900;X. Trucial Chiefs Agreement, 1902;XI. Muskat Notifications, 1903;XII. Karwan Arms Agreement, 1906;XIII. Powers of search and detention by His Majesty's Ships;XIV. Seizures of Arms and Ammunitions, November 1909 - May 1910.Physical description: Condition: the file is contained within a bound volume that contains several other reports on a number of topics.Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at f 30, and terminates at f 59, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-151; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.
7. 'The Debai incident'
- Description:
- Abstract: This handwritten memorandum concerns the Debai [Dubai] Incident of 1910-1911. The memorandum gives a background on British treaty relations with the Sheikh Buṭtī bin Suhayl Āl Maktum of Dubai, the arms blockade on the Trucial coast, and a narrative of the incident that occurred on 24 December 1910 and subsequent events. Printed copies of the principal telegrams relating to the Dubai Incident appear between folios 49-51.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this memorandumcommences at folio 41 and terminates at folio 51, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-147; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
8. 'Arms Traffic in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is a report concerning arms traffic in the Persian Gulf written by Sir David Taylor Monteath. The report discusses the British Government's efforts to enforce a prohibition in the trade of arms in the Gulf region.The report is divided up as follows:Chapter I.(i.) Events in the Persian Gulf, June to November 1910 (paragraphs 79-103);(ii.) Events in the Persian Gulf, November 1910 to April 1911 (paragraphs 104-122);(iii.) Land Operations in Mekran, April and May 1911 (paragraphs 123-131);Chapter II.(i) Negotiations with France (paragraphs 133-141);(ii) Negotiations with the Sultan of Muscat (paragraphs 142-165);(iii) Negotiations to obtain French acceptance of the warehouse (paragraphs 166-175);(iv) The Question of compensating the Dealers (paragraphs 176-179);Chapter III.Events in the Persian Gulf, 1911-1912 (paragraphs 181-202)Appendices (contains a number of tabular charts and statistical tables)IndexPhysical description: The file is contained within a bound volume that contains a number of other files.Foliation: The foliation for this report commences at f 32, and terminates at f 70, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these humbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-89; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.
9. 'Arms Traffic at Muskat'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum, written by the Political Department of the India Office 15 February 1911, describing the position of Muskat [Muscat] where the export of arms to India and Persia has been prohibited since 1898, but were the import of arms into Muskat and their export to any other country remains unprohibited. The memorandum has been divided under the following headings:Sultan's Commercial TreatiesProhibition of Arms Traffic in Persian GulfState of Traffic at MuskatEffect on the Indian FrontierNegotiations with FranceFrench share of TrafficQuestion of Territorial Concessions in IndiaQuestion of ExtraditionPondicherry-Cuddalore (Tiruppappuliyar) RailwayQuestion of CompensationIncluded within some of the headings are tables showing the numbers of rifles being imported into Muskat and the value of Imports of Arms and Ammunitions into Muskat for the periods 1906-1907, 1907-1908, 1908-1909, and 1909-1910.AppendicesAppendix I: Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States of America and Muskat, signed 21 September 1833Appendix II: Treaty of Commerce between France and Muskat, signed 17 November 1844Appendix III: Anglo-French Declaration respecting the Independence of Muskat and Zanzibar, signed at Persia, 10 March 1862.There are three copies of the memorandum contained within the file.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence consists of pencil numbers, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio.
10. ‘Persian Gulf gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Précis on arms trade in the Persian Gulf.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis the arms trade in the Persian Gulf, covering the years 1883 to 1904. It was prepared by Lieutenant Cecil Hamilton Gabriel of the Indian Army, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.The précis comprises copies of correspondence relating to: the nature and extent of the arms traffic between various parts and ports of the Gulf and the wider Indian Ocean region: chiefly in and around Maskat [Muscat], but also on the Mekran [Makran] coast, the route between Zanzibar and Maskat, Bahrein [Bahrain], Koweit [Kuwait], Oman and Somaliland [Somalia], and between the Persian Gulf and the northwest frontier [Afghanistan]; reports of the seizure or surrender of arms, or vessels carrying arms, including the seizure of the SS Baluchistanin 1898, and arms traded by the company Fracis, Times & Co.; agreements between the British Government and local rulers for the suppression of the arms trade; the issue of licenses for the export of arms; arms traffic in the Gulf, in relation to French, Italian, Persian and Turkish Governments; instructions for naval officers in the Persian Gulf in relation to the arms traffic.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
11. 'File 9/1 VI Import of Arms and Ammunition'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between the British Political Agent at Bahrain and the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, and later at Bahrain, the Political Agent at Sharjah and Charles Belgrave, Adviser to the Bahrain Government.These correspondence concern requests for No Objection Certificates, licenses and permits to import, export and possess arms, ammunition, explosives and knives in Bahrain and the Persian Gulf. Many of these requests are from European and American representatives and employees of companies operating in the region, including: Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO); Grey, Mackenzie and Company Limited; Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited; British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC); and International Bechtel. Requests for licenses are also received from local merchants based in Bahrain, including: Yousuf Abdulrahman Fakhroo [Yūsuf ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Fakhrū]; A M Yateem Brothers; Kashmir Art Emporium; Trikamdas and Sons; C Kumar Brothers; Jashanmal and Sons; Mohamed A. Alajali and Sons; and Abdulrehman Algosaibi [‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Quṣaybī].In addition, requests for permits are received from, and on behalf of, local rulers and their families, including: members of the Āl Khalīfah family in Bahrain; Shaikh Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qāsimī of Sharjah; Shaikh Shakhbūṭ bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān of Abu Dhabi; Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Maktūm of Dubai; Shaikh Aḥmad bin Rāshid Āl Mu‘allā of Umm al-Qaywayn; Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qāsimī of Ras al-Khaymah; Shaikh Rāshid bin Ḥumayd Āl Nu‘aymī of Ajman; and Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī of Qatar. Also included within these correspondence are two product leaflets from Birmingham Small Arms (BSA) Guns Limited, entitled BSA Ralock Self-loading Rifleand The New BSA Air Rifles.Physical description: Foliation: This file has a foliation number on the front top right hand corner of each page. The number is uncircled.
12. 'File 9/1 IV Import of Arms and Ammunition'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between the British Political Agent at Bahrain and the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, the Political Agent at Sharjah and Charles Belgrave, Adviser to the Bahrain Government.These correspondence concern requests for No Objection Certificates, licenses and permits to import, export and to possess arms, ammunition, explosives, marine flares and daggers in Bahrain and the Persian Gulf. Many of these requests are from European and American representatives and employees of companies operating in the region, including: Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO); Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited; Californian Arabian Standard Oil Company; and Cable and Wireless Limited. In addition, requests for permits are received by and on behalf of local rulers and their families, including: members of the Āl Khalīfah family in Bahrain; Shaikh Ṣaqr bin Sulṭān Āl Na‘īmī of Buraimi; Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Maktūm of Dubai; Shaikh Rāshid bin Ḥumayd Āl Nu‘aymī of Ajman; Shaikh Sulṭān bin Ṣaqr Āl Qāsimī of Sharjah; Shaikh Khālid bin Aḥmad Āl Qāsimī of Kalba; and Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī of Qatar. The file also contains Government of India Home Department Notifications and arms and ammunition policy and regulations.Physical description: Foliation: This file has a foliation number on the front top right hand corner of each page. The number is uncircled. Folios 214 to 229 have numbers which are enclosed in a circle.
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