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13. ‘Foreign Department Notes. Arms Traffic in the Persian Gulf.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed copies of correspondence and memoranda relating to the arms traffic in the Persian Gulf:a letter from Leonard William Reynolds of the Government of India, dated 29 June 1909 (ff 2-3)a confidential letter from the British Minister to Belgium, Arthur Henry Hardinge, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Edward Grey, dated 3 May 1909 (f 4)a letter from the Political Agent at Maskat [Muscat], Robert Erskine Holland, dated 5 July 1909 (ff 4-5)a memorandum written by Wilfrid Malleson of the Intelligence Branch, Indian Army Headquarters, dated 10 July 1909, also signed by the Officiating Chief of Staff in India, Herbert Mullaly, and the Chief of Staff in India, Beauchamp Duff (ff 6-7)further copies of correspondence signed by Malleson, Mullaly, Duff, and others including the Commander-in-Chief in India, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, and the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Spencer Harcourt Butler (ff 8-10)a confidential memorandum written by Robert Erskine Holland, dated 27 June 1909 (f 11)Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 11; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: this part also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
14. 'File [VIIIB/2] MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: Zanzibar Subsidy and Arms Subsidy'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume concerns two subsidies paid by the Government of India to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, which are referred to in the correspondence as the Zanzibar subsidy and the arms traffic subsidy. The latter subsidy is referred to as initially having been granted to Sultan Faisal bin Turki [Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] as a personal subsidy in 1912, in recognition of his co-operation in the suppression of arms traffic in the Persian Gulf. The Zanzibar subsidy is described as being the right of any Sultan recognised by the British Government, 'subject to their fulfilling certain conditions.'The date range of the volume is 1921-1939; however, there is no material dating from 1924-1931. The correspondence dating from 1921 to 1923 (ff 2-40) notes the continuation of the arms traffic subsidy following the death of Sultan Faisal bin Turki, owing to certain exceptional circumstances, and discusses whether it should be reduced or withdrawn when his successor, Sultan Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] ceases to rule. The question is raised again in 1932, following the abdication of Sultan Taimur bin Faisal and the accession of his son, Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and this later correspondence discusses the extension of the subsidy and its eventual discontinuation in January 1936. Also discussed are changes to the arrangements for the payment of the Zanzibar subsidy.The volume features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India's Foreign Secretary; the Viceroy of India; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; officials of the India Office and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.The Arabic language material mostly consists of correspondence exchanged between British representatives and the Sultan of Muscat, of which English translations are also present.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 146; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
15. 'File 1/A/5 III ADMINISTRATION. QATAR AFFAIRS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence concerning Qatar affairs, particularly the issues of smuggling, and rationing.The principal correspondents are the Political Agent, Bahrain (Tom Hickinbotham); the Head Munshi of the Political Agency, Bahrain (Jassim bin Mohamed [Jasim ibn Muhammad Kadmari]); the Residency Agent, Sharjah (Abdur Razzaq [Khan Sahib Saiyid ‘Abd al-Razzaq]); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Shaikh Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani, the Ruler of Qatar [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī].The papers cover: correspondence and reports by British officials concerning the issues of slave trading, arms traffic, and the smuggling of goods at Qatar; the involvement of individual Qataris; the British decision to impose rationing on quota goods (including a discussion paper entitled 'Rationing in Qatar', folio 56); the question of the appointment of a food controller; correspondence on these subjects from Shaikh Abdullah; information on members of the Ruling family (e.g. descriptive chart entitled 'Qatar Ruling Family' on folios 130-131); and some information on general conditions in Qatar.The Arabic language content of the papers consists of approximately thirty folios of correspondence, mainly between British officials and the Ruler of Qatar.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 218; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-208; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
16. 'File 3/5 Persian Territorial waters – Limits for'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns a recent claim, made by the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs to HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [temporarily held by Victor Alexander Louis Mallet], to a ten mile limit for Persian territorial waters. It contains copies of correspondence between the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Admiralty, regarding whether or not Britain should give a formal response to what is referred to as being an informal claim made by the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs. The issue is discussed with reference to recent incidents involving Arab dhows in the Gulf.James Sidney Barnes, writing on behalf of the Lord Commissioners of the Admiralty [as Principal Assistant Secretary], advises that there should be no formal repudiation and that British officials should avoid any action that might in any way compromise the views of His Majesty's Government on territorial waters.In addition, the file includes a copy of instructions, produced by the Foreign Office and relayed by the British Legation, Tehran, regarding the attitude that should be taken in the event of the arrest of a British subject by the Persian authorities at the outer anchorage at Bushire.The file concludes with copies of correspondence regarding instructions for searching Persian dhows that are suspected of arms trafficking. Other correspondents in the file include the British Minister, Tehran, and the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 26; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-24; these numbers are written in pencil, and are not circled. A previous foliation sequence between ff 22-24, which was written in pencil and not circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
17. Letters concerning Persia, Afghanistan and the arms trade
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains three documents:1. A copy of a letter from Jonathan Duncan, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai], to Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from Bombay Castle and dated 4 May 1799.In response to Jones’s letter of 25 March (IOR/L/PS/9/76/60) concerning an embassy rumoured to be travelling across Persia [Iran] to the Court of Baba Khan [Fatḥ-‘Alī Shāh Qājār], Duncan discusses the mission of Meerza Mehedi Ally Khan [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān Bahadūr], Resident in Bushire [Bushehr] in Persia.2. An extract of a letter from Yezd [Yazd] dated c. 1 July 1799, translated by Harford Jones. The letter reports that Shah Zeman [Zamān Shāh Durrānī, Ruler of Afghanistan] has returned from India. It also reports that Baba Khan is said to be in Meshed [Mashhad], has summoned the son and brother of Shah Zadeh Mahmood [Mahmūd Durrānī] who are in exile in Tabbas [Tabas], and has dispatched troops towards Herat.3. An extract from a letter from Jones to the President (Governor) of Bombay dated 13 February 1799. The letter reports that firearms and sabres from Turkey [Ottoman Empire] and the Crimea are being exported to Bombay.Physical description: 1 item (3 folios)
18. PZ 2006/34 'The Hadhramaut: Attitude of Ibn Saud towards - shipping at Port of Bir Ali'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence between British officials relating to political and religious activity in Hedjaz [Saudi Arabia] and Batavia [Jakarta] by Arab merchants and other notables originating from opposing factions in the Hadhramaut [Hadramawt] region of the Aden Protectorate [Yemen]. The main correspondents are the Political Resident at Aden, the British Consul and Vice-Consul at Jeddah and the British Consul-General at Batavia. In addition to exchanging intelligence, the correspondents also discuss measures to be taken to prevent the development of a new arms smuggling route from the Dutch East Indies [Indonesia] and the Straits Settlement of Singapore, to the minor port of Bir Ali in Aden Protectorate, thereby avoiding port clearances at Mukalla.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 40; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
19. Coll 30/191(1) ‘Evacuation of Ras-al-Hadd by R.A.F. and dumping of ammunition into the sea’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of papers (correspondence, mostly by telegraph, and ‘Extract from the Muscat Intelligence Summary No. 8 April 16th-30th.’) relating to the disbandment of the Royal Air Force unit at Ras al Hadd, in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (and the transfer of personnel, stores and equipment to Masirah). The papers mostly concern the erroneous dumping of ammunition into the sea too near to the shore, from where it could be recovered by local inhabitants, and subsequent questions about the quantity of ammunition disposed of, and to what extent it was likely to be serviceable.The correspondence is mostly between the following: the India Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Headquarters, British Forces, Aden; and the Political Agent, Muscat.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 19; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
20. Coll 34/7 'Slavery: Slave Traffic and Gun-running: Right of search by H. M. ships in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and notes relating to arms and slave traffic in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Principal correspondents include officials at the India Office, Foreign Office, Colonial Office, and Admiralty. Further correspondence, included as enclosures, comes from: the High Commissioner (later, Residency), Baghdad; the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, Bushire; the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf Division; the British Legation, Tehran; Government of India, Foreign and Political Department; Commander-in-Chief of HM Naval Forces, Mediterranean Station; British Legation, Jeddah, and the Board of Trade.The majority of the file concerns the discussion of arms smuggling in the region, with a particular focus on the right of HM ships to search vessels for arms and slaves. Matters that are discussed include the following:Arms traffic across the Persian Gulf into southern Persia, thought to be supplying the Qashqai rebellion taking place therePersian complaints about British sympathy for the Qashqai rebellionRevision of naval instructions concerning powers to search and detain vessels in the regionArms traffic into Palestine via Akaba [al-Aqaba].Papers of note included in the file include the following:Convention for the Control of the Trade in Arms and Ammunition, and Protocol, signed September 10, 1919 (folios 270-287)Record of an interdepartmental meeting held at the Foreign Office on the 24 April to consider the instructions to be issued to the Senior Naval Officers in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, regarding the search by HM ships of Arabian, Persian, and Iraqi vessels for slaves and arms (folios 92-103).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
21. File 2869/1906 Pt 1 'Arms Traffic: Mekran Coast and Baluchistan. (correspondence 1906-7)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters and other papers, mainly by British Consular officers, reporting on the arms traffic along the Mekran coast and Baluchistan. Their correspondence contains numerous reports, such as that discussing the illicit traffic of arms. Correspondents include Sir Harold Arthur Deane, Chief Commissioner of the North West Frontier Province; Major Frank Cooke Webb Ware and Captain McConaghey.The volume includes a number of maps including 'Plan to illustrate the routes available for the arms trade through the Persian Mekran coast' (folio 164).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 280; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
22. File 2869/1906 Pt 2 'Arms traffic: Mekran Coast and Baluchistan. Correspondence (1908-9)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence discusses the arms traffic on the Mekran coast and Baluchistan.The volume includes reports on the importation of arms from Muscat and measures taken by the British to curtail the trade. The reports were authored by the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 271; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 69-80 and between ff 221-238; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.
23. File 360/1912 'Arms Traffic: Muscat trade; Arrangement with Sultan; Compensation; Arms Traffic Subsidy'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of correspondence relating to a British naval blockade designed to stem the flow of arms through Muscat and Oman. The correspondence is mostly between the Foreign Office, the Government of India, and the India Office. Further correspondence is included as enclosures and is from the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, Political Agency at Muscat, Persian Gulf Section of the Indo-European Telegraph Department, Naval Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, Shaikh Mubarak-as-Sabah of Kuwait [Mubarak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ], and Sultan Seyyid Faisal bin Turki [Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Sayyid] of Muscat. The papers include hand-written drafts of letters and printed collections of correspondence relating to the matter at hand.The papers cover several matters, including:the question of compensating the Sultan due to losses incurred by the blockade;proposals to regulate the trade through compulsory passes for export of arms from Muscat;discussion and negotiations over a proposed agreement with the Sultan over regulation;the discussion over whether to threaten the Sultan if necessary;a separate agreement with Shaikh Mubarak-as-Sabah regarding the import of arms into Kuwait for the Shaikh's personal use;the granting of a subsidy to the Sultan in 1911 and the proposal in 1921 to discontinue it after the Sultan leaves power.The volume includes a report into the arms traffic in the Persian Gulf by John Evelyn Shuckburgh, Political Department, India Office, 10 June 1910 (folios 143-72).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 179; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
24. File 3893/1912 'Persia: Bakhtiari Khans and the Lynch Road; Bakhtiari-Mohammerah relations'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda and notes relating to the security on the Ahwaz to Isfahan Road (this road was also known as the Lynch Road). It also contains correspondence concerning the relations between the Bakhtiari clans and the Shaikh of Mohammerah over the Jerrahi lands.Family trees (folio 121; folio 141) of the branches of the Bakhtiari Khans (Ilkhani family) are supplied in an attempt to understand the feuds impacting on British interests. Also mentioned in the correspondence is the Bakhtiari Oil Fields Company and arms trafficking taking place.The principal correspondents are His Majesty's Vice-Consul and Assistant Resident, Ahwaz (Captain A J H Grey); First Assistant Resident (Captain R L Birdwood); Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); and Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, Simla (Sir Henry McMahon).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 152; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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