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13. 'Collection of papers respecting the attitude of His Majesty's Government in regard to the Bagdad Railway and the Purchase of Land at Koweit (amended version)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The document, printed for the use of the Foreign Office, is a collection of letters and dispatches from 3 March 1904 to 16 September 1907, between the India Office and the Government of India on the purchase of land in Kuwait for the Baghdad Railway.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 84, and terminates at f 100, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled.Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
14. ‘Notes and private telegram from the Viceroy regarding the future settlement of Eastern Turkey in Asia and Arabia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The papers comprise as follows:A note by Sir (Frederic) Arthur Hirtzel, Secretary, Political and Secret Department, India Office, dated 14 March 1915, indicating factors to be considered in ensuring Basra’s future immunity from Turkish authority, organised under a number of subheadings: geography; ethnology; communications, including roads, railways, and waterways; irrigation; administrative reorganisation; the geographical area to be detached from Turkish authority; the nature of the new administration; protected area; and Persia (folios 77-83);A note by General Sir Edmund George Barrow, Military Secretary, India Office, dated 16 March 1915, on the defence of Mesopotamia [Iraq], written in response to Hirtzel’s note, and considering the military implications of defending Mesopotamia (folios 83-84);Comments on Barrow’s note by Hirtzel, dated 17 March 1915, chiefly concerned with Turkish influence in the Arab world (folios 84-85);A telegram from the Viceroy (Charles Hardinge) to the Marquess of Crewe, Secretary of State for India, dated 15 March 1915, regarding the importance of British administration of the vilayets (administrative regions) of Basra and Bagdad [Baghdad], and ownership of the Baghdad railway (folio 85);A map entitled ‘Eastern Turkey in Asia’, indicating the Baghdad railway (completed and projected sections), the Hejaz railway, Aleppo Mezerib line, and the Turko-Persian frontier (folio 86).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 77, and terminates at f 86, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 77-86; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and won't be found in the same position as the main sequence.Folio 86 is a fold-out map, extending by more than 3cm beyond the edge of the volume.
15. 'Memorandum respecting the Bagdad Railway'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is a Foreign Office memorandum concerning the Baghdad railway written by Alwyn Parker,who had negotiated with both the German Government and the Ottoman Empire on this issue and was considered the Foreign Office's specialist on the topic.The memorandum is divided up as follows:1. General Railway development in Asia Minor;2. The Baghdad Railway Convention of 1903;3. The Anglo-German negotiations of 1903;4. The prospects of completion of the line without British co-operation;5. The influence of the railway on British interests.The file contains a map of the rail lines on folio 159 entitled 'Le Chemin De Fer De Bagdad' (The Baghdad Railway).The appendix to the memorandum contains a copy (in French) of the Convention de la Societe Imperiale Ottomane du Chemin de Fer de Bagdad of March, 1903 (folios 160-166), in and on folio 167 a list of official correspondence and publications referenced in the memorandum.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 142, and terminates at f 167, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
16. 'The Middle Eastern question or some political problems of Indian defence'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, written by Valentine Chirol and printed in London by John Murray in 1903, is based on a series of letters written by Chirol during a journey through Persia and the Persian Guf, that appeared in The Timesin 1902 and 1903.The main topics are: the concept of 'Middle East'; the Baghdad Railway; the British role in the Persian Gulf; the Russian influence over Persia; the border of Afghanistan; the North-East Frontier of India, and Tibet. An appendix at the back of the volume contains copies of international treaties, and documents in French on the Baghdad Railway.The volume contains numerous illustrations and three maps:'Sketch Map of the Borderlands of India';'Sketch Map of Asia showing railway expansion';'Sketch map of Persia and adjoining countries'.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
17. 'Persian Gulf précis. (Parts I and II)'
- Description:
- Abstract: A printed précis of correspondence on various Persian Gulf subjects, prepared for the Foreign Department of the Government of India, Simla, in July 1911 (Part I) and July 1913 (Part II). The document is divided into two parts. Most subjects relate to Turkish claims to sovereignty in the region, including the presence of Turkish garrisons, and were chosen and prepared because of the negotiations between the British and Turkish authorities connected to the Baghdad Railway plans.Part I (folios 2-35) covers various subjects and is organised into eleven chapters, each devoted to a different topic or geographical area, as follows: Chapter I, British interests in the Persian Gulf, Extent of Arabian littoral; Chapter II, Extent of Hasa and Katif [Qatif], Claims of the Turks to the whole of Eastern Arabia, Extent to which Turkish claims on the Arabian littoral are recognised by His Majesty's government, Proposed arrangement with the Turkish Government defining their sphere of influence on the Arabian littoral; Chapter III, Turkish occupation of El Bida [Doha], Extent of the Katar [Qatar] Peninsula; Chapter IV, Turkish designs on Katar, Policy of His Majesty's Government; Chapter V, Trucial Chiefs (Pirate Coast); Chapter VI, Maskat [Muscat] and Gwadar; Chapter VII, Kuwait; Chapter VIII, Um Kasr [Umm Qasr], Bubiyan and Warba; Chapter IX, Bahrain, Zakhnuniyeh [Zahnūnīyah] and Mohammerah [Korramshahr]; Chapter X, Proposed British action consequent on Turkish aggression; Chapter XI, Pearl fisheries. There are three appendices containing further correspondence relating to the main text.Part II (folios 36-60) relates entirely to the Baghdad Railway and the negotiations between the British and Ottoman authorities that the proposal of the railway initiated. The negotiations covered several matters, including: the political statuses of Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar; the location of the railway's terminus; the ownership of the railway; and the creation of a commission for the improvement of navigation in the Chatt-el-Arab [Shaṭṭ al-‘Arab]. It opens with an introduction of the related issues (folios 37-41) followed by the relative correspondence (folios 42-53). It ends with the draft agreements (folios 53-60) - never ratified - drawn up by the two powers.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.Condition: folios 59 and 60 have both been torn in two corners, resulting in the loss of some text.
18. 'British Desiderata in Regard to the Baghdad Railway'
- Description:
- Abstract: This confidential memorandum, signed R V, concerns Britain's policy with regards to the Baghdad Railway following the occupation of the Mesopotamia. The memorandum details two variant policies: (1) regarding the Railway not as private property, but as a Turkish State railway, and that all its assets in Mesopotamia should therefore be transferred to the Iraq State pending transfer to an Allied Railway Company; and (2) a proposal for the internationalisation of the Railway to be controlled by Great Britain, France and Italy, and perhaps the United States of America. The advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis British interests are then further discussed throughout the report.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 153, and terminates at folio 155, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
19. Bagdad [Baghdad] - Basra Railway
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is a report written by Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel of the Political Department of the India Office, regarding the Bagdad [Baghdad]-Basra railway scheme.The report asseses the political and commerical implications of the contruction of the Gulf section of the railway scheme and whether, and in partnership with whom, the British Government should participate in funding it. The report discusses neogtiations between the British and Turkish (Ottoman) Governments and the various proposals offered by either side.The file is divided up as follows:I. The present position;II. The objections to the last proposals made by His Majesty's Government;III. The view of the Board of Trade;IV. The importance of the river;V. Conclusions;VI. The practicability of obtaining 50 per cent;VII. The procedure to be adopted now;VIII. The alternative.Physical description: The file is contained within a bound volume that contains a number of other files.Foliation: The foliation for this report commences at f 7, and terminates at f 11, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-89; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.
20. File 1247/1912 Pts 1-2 'KOWEIT & MOHAMMERAH ANGLO-TURKISH AGREEMENT'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises two parts discussing the Anglo-Turkish Agreement of 1913 and especially the negotiations with the Shaikh of Koweit [Kuwait] and Shaikh of Mahommera [Khorramshahr] with respect to their boundaries with Turkey.The volume comprises parts 1 and 2 of 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 210; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-85 and between ff 86-208; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
21. File 1808/1912 'Bagdad Railway. Navigation of the Tigris & Lynch's Agreement with the Company for the transport of railway material.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the navigation of the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris, and moves by The Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company (also referred to as Messrs Lynch) to negotiate an agreement with the Baghdad Railway Company for the transport of railway material up the rivers of Turkish Arabia.The principal correspondents are senior officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Board of Trade; and the Secretary of The Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company.The papers cover: contracts and agreements; Russian concern over the proposed agreement; the formation of a joint company to operate river transport on the Euphrates and Tigris; the assertion by Britain of exceptional rights to navigation on the rivers of Mesopotamia; and papers concerning the general Baghdad Railway question.The French language content of the volume consists of contracts, agreements and conventions, with English translations.The volume contains conventions and agreements that are earlier than the man date range, dated 1903-11.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 255; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-254; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
22. File 1855/1904 Pt 3 'Koweit:- Bunder Shweikh. Foreshore Case 1907.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the circumstances leading up to the grant of a lease in October 1907 by Shaikh Mubarak [Mubārak bin Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ] of Koweit [Kuwait] to the British Government of land on the foreshore of Kuwait at Bunder Shweikh [Bandar Shawaykh].The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Percy Zachariah Cox); the Political Agent at Kuwait (Major Stuart George Knox); the Viceroy of India (the Earl of Minto); and senior officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India, and the Admiralty.The papers cover: the request by the Political Agent at Kuwait for a steam launch, and his recommendation for the purchase of part of the foreshore from the Shaikh of Kuwait, in order that the Political Agent could visit any part of the coastline under his charge, and to expedite the dispatch of mails to British India steamers, November 1905 (ff 266-268); concern expressed by the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire (Sir Nicholas Roderick O'Conor) that the establishment of a coal station and the setting up of a flagstaff in connection with the steam launch would excite Turkish suspicions, February 1906 (ff 262-265); the views of the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station (Vice-Admiral Edmund Samuel Poe), and the Secretary to the Admiralty (Sir Evan MacGregor) on the relative merits of Kurein [Bunder Shweikh] and Kathama as terminal stations for a railway from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf, May-July 1906 (ff 253-261); the terms proposed by the Government of India, July 1907 (ff 238-243); reports of negotiations with the Shaikh of Kuwait over the acquisition of the foreshore at Bunder Shweikh, in view of the possibility of the site being used as a terminus for the Bagdad Railway, January-July 1907 (ff 230-237); the terms proposed by the Shaikh of Kuwait, August-September 1907 (ff 211-225); papers concerning the draft agreement with the Shaikh of Kuwait, August-September 1907 (ff 182-198); and the conclusion of the agreement, a document entitled 'Further Collection of Papers respecting Koweit, the Baghdad Railway etc.' (November 1907), and discussion of the accidental inclusion in the agreement of Warba Island, September 1907 - February 1908 (ff 123-178).The Arabic content of the file consists of four folios of correspondence between the Shaikh of Kuwait and the Political Agent, Kuwait concerning the agreement (ff 195-198).The date range gives the covering dates of all the documents in the file; the last dated document in the file is dated 25 February 1908; the last dated addition to the file is note on folio 124; the date range of the minute papers given on the subject divider on folio 122 is 1905-08.Physical description: 147 folios
23. File 4030/1913 Pt 1-2 'Baghdad Railway'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume comprises two parts that contain correspondence that relates to the same topic, namely a concession that was granted to the shipping magnate, Lord Inchcape (James Lyle Mackay), by the Ottoman Empire for the formation of a company to facilitate the transportation of goods on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for the construction of the Baghdad Railway.The primary correspondents in the volume are Lord Inchcape; the Ottoman representative in negotiations, Ibrahim Hakki Pasha; the law firm Slaughter and May; the Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey; British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Sir Louis du Pan Mallet. A limited amount of this correspondence is in French.The volume comprises part 1 (folios 100-237) and 2 (folios 3-98). Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
24. File 4044/1913 Pts 1-2 'Bagdad Railway Negotiations'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains drafts and counter-drafts of the Anglo-German Convention on the Bagdad Railway, plus agreements involving the Bagdad Railway Company, the Ottoman Railway Company, the Anatolian Railway Company, and the Ottoman Government. There is also correspondence regarding the negotiations, conducted between the following: the India Office Political Department; the Foreign Office; the British Ambassador to Berlin (Sir William Edward Goschen); the Imperial German Ambassador to London (Karl Max Fürst von Lichnowsky); the Councillor at the German Embassy (Richard von Kühlmann); and the Ottoman Finance Minister (Mehmed Cavid Bey).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. These are placed at the end of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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