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1. 'APPROXIMATE BOUNDARIES OF JOWASIM TRIBE AND PART BINI YAS TERRITORIES.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This sketch map shows the boundaries of the Jowasim [Qawasim] tribe and part of the territories of the Bini Yas [Bani Yas] tribe in the Trucial Coast.The map shows the Trucial Coast's main settlements, the island of Tunb, and parts of Mascat [the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman].The various territories are delineated either by dotted lines edged in different colours, or by dotted lines enclosing territory filled in with a single colour. The colour coding of the various territories is also explained in a key in the bottom right hand corner of the map. A note beneath the map summarises the main purpose and divisions of the map, and states that a certain area jointly owned by the rulers of Ras-al Khaimah and Kalba is also marked in red.Physical description: Materials: printed on paper.Dimensions: 335 x 400mm
2. ‘Persian Gulf. Aboothabee – Seizure of a Bateela’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts from Bombay [Mumbai] Political Consultations. The papers contained in this item are partial enclosures to a Political Letter sent from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 10 June 1845. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2122/100076, alongside details of further enclosures.The item relates to tension between the Chaab [Banū Ka‘b] tribe and the Beniyas [Banī Yās] tribe. Commodore John Croft Hawkins, Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, informs Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, that he recently prevented Beniyas subjects from stealing a Chaab bugla [baggalah], which they said was in retaliation for the seizure of one of their ships by Shaik Faris [Shaikh Fāris bin Ghayth], Acting Governor of Chaab, in early 1845. Concerned that this dispute may develop into warfare, Hennell wishes to pass on a firman from the Shah of Persia [Iran] and letter from the Prime Minister [of Persia], both of which instruct Sooleyman Khan, the Persian Sirteep at Mohumrah [Sulaymān Khān, Sartīp at Khorramshahr], to facilitate the restitution of the Beniyas vessel. Hennell instructs Hawkins to send the Company ship, Constance, to Bussorah [Basra] to deliver the letter and firman and, if their instructions are accepted, superintend the return of the Beniyas vessel to Bussorah. Hennell also requests Major Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia, to permit Parseigh Johannes, Native Agent at Bussorah, to assist the crew of the Constancewith this task.Correspondents: Hennell; Hawkins; the Government of Bombay; and Justin Sheil, HM Minister at the Court of Persia.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5061, Draft 29/46, Coll[ection] 23, Vol: 2’, ‘Collection No. 1 of No. 62’ and ‘Examiner's Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 451, and terminates at f 461, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. 'Vol: IV. Persian Gulph [Gulf]'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, Extracts of Bombay Political Consultations from the Government of Bombay. The item is concerned with multiple issues pertaining to the political situation in the Persian Gulf. The two main topics of discussion in the item are:An expedition against Bahrein [Bahrain] by the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat and the possible involvement of Shaik Tahnoon [Ṭaḥnūn bin Shakhbūṭ Āl Nahyān], Chief of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and Shaik Sooltan bin Suggar [Shaikh Sulṭān bin Ṣaqr Āl Qāsimī], Ruler of Sharjah. Samuel Hennell, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf, requests that the East India Company’s cruiser Antelopebe sent to Muscat in order to transmit the most up-to-date information.Acts of 'piracy' lately committed in the neighbourhood of Bahrein by two boats manned by individuals from the Bunyas [Bani Yas] and Monasir [al-Manāṣīr] tribes. Hennell instructs the Company ships Nautilusand Amherstto proceed to Bahrein and the Persian Coast to conduct inquiries and dispatches the Cooke to Aboothabee.The item also refers to:Research by Major David Wilson, Resident in the Persian Gulf, on various stations suitable for establishing the Residency if it needs to be removed from Bushire [Būshehr], with the island of Kharruck [Jazīreh-ye Khārk] highlighted as the most suitableDiscussions of numerous policies applicable to the Residency at Bushire, including the punishment of alleged pirates, refraining from interference in local disputes, presents for local chieftains, and intercourse with the Prince of Shiraz and other local authorities in PersiaDiscussions of the Resident's expenses and proposals to abolish the position of Assistant to the Resident and the positions of two Native AgentsPetitions and reports relating to alleged acts of piracy and ill treatment.The main correspondents are John Bax, Secretary to the Government of Bombay, the Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf. Other correspondents include numerous officers within the Government of Bombay and the rulers of Muscat, Bahrein, Aboothabee and Sharjah.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'P.C. [Previous Communication] 783, Draft 477, 1829/30' and 'Examiner's Office 1830'.Physical description: The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the item. The item also features a Contents page (f 6) noting ‘Page’, ‘Date’, ‘From’, ‘To’ and ‘Date of Consultation’.
4. 'Vol: 1. Affairs of the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the East India Company Court of Directors and the governments of Bombay [Mumbai] and India. It is the first in a series of two items on general affairs in the Persian Gulf (the other is IOR/F/4/1596/64626), with some of the enclosures to the political letters contained in the second item.As well as the above, principal correspondents include: Samuel Hennell, Assistant Resident (also called the Acting Resident) in the Persian Gulf; Thomas Elivon, Commodore in the Persian Gulf; Captain John Pepper, Commander of the Amherst; and the Native Agents at Shargah [Sharjah], Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh], Bahrein [Bahrain], and Muscat.The item covers several subjects. The majority of the item relates to acts of 'piracy' committed by inhabitants of Debaye [Dubai] and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], including details of:The measures taken by Hennell to force the Chiefs of Debaye, Obed bin Saeed ['Ubayd bin Sa'īd Āl Bū Falāsah] and Mukhtoom bin Bustey [Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāsah] to give up the offenders and pay compensationThe 'piracy' committed by a fleet from Aboothabee on a number of different vessels including the Duriah Dowlut[Daryā Dawlat], a ship from Bombay flying under English coloursThe engagements undertaken by Company ships, notably the Amherstand the Elphinstone, to suppress the 'pirates' and exact compensation from Shaik Khuleefa bin Shackboot, Chief of Aboothabee and the Benyas [Shaikh Khalīfah bin Shakhbūṭ Āl Nahyān, Ruler of Abu Dhabi and of the Beni Yas]The compensation agreed on by Shaik Khuleefa after being threatened with the destruction of the Benyas' forts, boats and the blockade of their ports; details of which can be found at ff 266-267The subsequent trials of the 'pirate chiefs' Mohummud bin Suggur bin Zeb [Muḥammad bin Ṣaqr bin Dhīb] and Mohumed bin Mirhud [Muḥammad bin Rāshid ?] at Bombay, including a detailed report by the Advocate General on the latter's trial which can be found at ff 345-354.To a lesser extent, the item also contains information on:An attack on a boat belonging to Kasaab [Khaṣab] by people from Juzeerat ool Humra [Al Jazīrah al Ḩamrā’] and a request by the Shaik of Kishm [Qeshm] for the British to interveneAn attack on Soweek [As Suwayq] by Shaik Humood bin Azan [Shaikh Ḥamūd bin Azan Āl Bū Sa‘īd] during the Imam of Muscat's absence, including Hennell's concerns about the retaliations ordered by the Imam's son and nephew who have been left in charge as governors of MuscatA six-month truce arranged by Hennell between: Obed bin Saeed; Shaik Shakboot (the father of Shaik Khuleefa); Sultan bin Suggur [Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī, Ruler of Ra's al Khaymah and Sharjah] and Rashid bin Humeed [Rāshid I bin Ḥumayd al-Na'īmī], Shaikh of Ojman [Ajman], the terms of which can be found at ff 263-264Events at Bushire relating to claims on the governorship by Shaikh Nasir [Shaikh Nāṣir II Āl Mazkūr], who is supported by the chiefs of Brazgoon [Borāzjān], Shubunkrah [Shabānkāreh] and Rohilla [Rūd Ḥillah]A request from the Prince-Governor of Shiraz for the British to help capture the fugitive sons of the late Prince of Shiraz.Other matters briefly referred to include:Claims for salvage of the Duriah Dowlutby the crew of the AmherstThe communication chain between the Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Government of BombayMinor updates on events at Bahrein regarding control over Katif [Al-Qatif].The political letters sent between the Government of Bombay and the Court of Directors also briefly touch on a number of other minor topics, mostly relating to expenses, 'piracy', and the Company policy of non-interference in the Gulf.There are multiple variant spellings of multiple people and place names. In particular, the 'pirate' Mohumed bin Mirhud's name is also written as: bin Murghad; Mujhud; Meeshad; Meerjud; Misheed; Meshud; Mishud; Mujhid; Mijhid; Mujhed; Muhad; Mulah; Mujheed; and Meshid. A later correction in pencil reveals that this name should in fact be 'Rashid'.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'P.C. [Previous Communication] 1944, Draft 432, 1837' and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the item. The item also contains a table of contents (ff 5-9), noting ‘Page’, ‘Date’, ‘From’, ‘To’ and ‘Date of Consultation’.
5. 'Henjam. Position and Rights of His Majesty's Government in the Island of Henjam. The Sheikh of Henjam and his Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum providing an overview of the British connection with the island of Henjam.Covering:introduction to the location of Basidu [Bāsa‘īdū] and its strategic importance; use of the island by the British; the Beni Yas tribe inhabitants;international status of Henjam – Persian and Muscat claims;the British Telegraph Concession at Henjam - a history from 1868 – and the use of the location as a base for naval authorities and as a coaling station;1926-8: reassertion of Persian claims – customs; enquiry by the Persian Government as to the right of property of His Majesty's Government in Basidu and Henjam; the expulsion of the Shaikh of Henjam in May 1928; and consideration of action to be taken at Henjam in the event of Persian aggression under the Telegraph Concession;relations between the Sheikh [Shaikh] of Henjam and Persia: 1904-28 – friction between Persian officials and the Arab inhabitants, and the expulsion and return of the Shaikh.It includes a summary detailing the position and legal rights of His Majesty's Government in Henjam, and the desirability to maintain the connection. In addition, a list of points referred to the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, and the views expressed by the Government of India are given.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 60, and terminates at f 63, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
6. Book 88: Letters Outwards
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of letters sent outwards from the British Residency in the Persian Gulf; most of the letters have been penned by Samuel Hennell (Assistant Resident), followed by James Morrison (newly appointed Resident), and Thomas Mackenzie (Civil Surgeon). This correspondence is predominantly addressed to the following: Charles Norris, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay (Political Department); Thomas Elwon, Commodore of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf; and William Hay Macnaghten, Chief Secretary to the Government of India, at Fort William, Calcutta (Political Department).Some subjects briefly discussed include the replacement of the Governor of Bushire, Mirza Ally Khan [Mīrzā ‘Alī Khān], with Shaikh Nasir [Shaykh Nāṣir], which was achieved with the assistance of the Chief of Koweit [Kuwait]. The file also covers the increasing popularity of Humood ben Azan, Chief of Sohar [Ṣuḥār], and the corresponding decline in the authority of Muscat; the Chief of Sohar had formerly been a subject of the Imam of Muscat, Sa‘īd bin Sultān Āl Sa‘īd. The Imam called in the 'Maritime Arabs' to provide assistance with dealing with the Chief of Sohar, and the correspondence therefore discusses the Assistant Resident's fears that this could lead to an outbreak of general piracy and lawlessness.Another political matter that gets some attention is a contest over Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] between Fasil ben Turki [Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Āl Sa‘ūd], Wahabee [Wahhabi] Chief, and Shaikh Abdoola bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], Chief of Bharein [Bahrain]. The defeat and capture of ‘Alī Mirzā, Prince of Shiraz, by the troops of Mahomed Shah [Muḥammad Shāh Qājār] is also briefly mentioned.The topic that gets the most attention is an 'outbreak of piracy' instigated by the Beniyas [Bani Yas] tribe under their Chief, Shaikh Khuleefa ben Shackboot [Khalīfah bin Shakhbūṭ] of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and their subsequent suppression via British naval power. It therefore covers the process of establishing restitution payments for the Beniyas's 'acts of piracy', and subsequent measures taken by the British to enforce the Chief's compliance.Some letters in the file attempt to draw the attention of the Government of Bombay to the poor state of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf; the Resident considers the resources available to be inadequate for the duties required of the force. It therefore contains the Resident's recommendations to the Government concerning the number and types of ships that should be stationed in the Gulf.The file contains the following notable enclosures:Memorandum of the property and cash plundered by the subjects of Shaikh Khuleefa ben Shackboot of Aboothabee, the restitution of which is required by that Chief, dated 14 January 1835 (see f 5).List of the vessels plundered by the Joasmee [Qāsimī] and Beniyas tribes when cruising against Sohar on the coast of Batinah [Al-Bāṭinah] as allies of the Imam of Muscat, dated 27 February 1835 (see f 19v).List of demands to be made on the Chief of Aboothabee in compensation for the 'outrages' committed by the Beniyas on the 'peaceable Arabs' of the Persian Gulf, dated 27 April 1835 (see f 39v).General statement of the vessels 'detained or piratically' seized by the Beniyas tribe and subsequently recovered by the Persian Gulf Squadron, dated 21 May 1835 (see f 48).Translation of a truce agreed by the Arabian Chiefs for a period of six months, dated 21 May 1835 (see ff 51v-52).Statement of the cash and property received from the Beniyas together with detail of disbursements, dated 5 July 1835 (see ff 55v-56).Sketch of naval means estimated as required for the efficient discharge of the duties of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, dated 16 December 1835 (see ff 85v-86).The content has undergone a degree of weeding as indicated by the gaps in the original pagination, and some content is therefore missing as a result. In addition, some letters are only present as fragments (i.e. only the beginning, or the end of certain letters can be found within).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the cover and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains the following foliation corrections; 1, and 1A.Pagination: An original pagination sequence is also present in the file; this sequence is written in ink, and the numbers are located in the top outermost corner of each page. There are gaps in the pagination indicating that the file has undergone a degree of weeding.