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229. Miscellaneous Political Correspondence
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a partial translation of a text entitled 'Tenets of the Ibadhi Sect of Oman' from a MS Arabic work entitled the 'Keshf-ul-Ghummeh' of the Shaikh Sarhan bin Sa`id bin Sarhan bin Mohammed el-`Alawi a native of Oman. The translation and introductory notes are by Major Edward Charles Ross, Political Agent, Muscat. The file also includes an abstract of the Portuguese-Omani treaty of 1872, and the translation of the 1828 Perso/Muscat treaty.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 49; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
230. Correspondence Relating to Ibn Saud Circulated to Kuwait by Other Gulf Posts
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, also written as Bin Saud in the file], Amir of Nejd [Emir of Najd], forwarded to the Political Agency, Kuwait, by other British officials in the Gulf region. The correspondence primarily covers relations between Ibn Saud and Hussain [Al-Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, also written as Husain and Hussein in the file, and also referred to as ‘the Sharif’], King of Hejaz [also written as Hijaz and Hedjaz in the file], during a British-imposed ceasefire that followed hostilities over possession of Khurma [al-Khurmah]. Subjects covered in the correspondence include:Ibn Saud’s possession of Khurma and Tarabah [Turabah], and the potential threat this poses towards Taif [Ta’if]Claims by both Ibn Saud and Hussain that the other is continuing to commit hostile actionsArrangements for a potential meeting between Ibn Saud and Hussain for peace talks, initially planned to take place at Aden, but changed to Mecca at Ibn Saud’s suggestionA request from Ibn Saud for two Indian Muslim officers to be appointed to oversee pilgrims from Nejd who will accompany Ibn Saud’s journey to Mecca, and the appointment of two officers from the Political Agency, Bahrein [Bahrain]: Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan [Khān Ṣāḥib Sayyid Ṣādiq Ḥasan] and Shaikh Farhan Beg Al Rahmah [Shaikh Farḥān Beg al-Raḥmah]Hussain’s refusal to remove his embargo against pilgrims from Nejd being allowed into Hejaz, and Ibn Saud’s subsequent postponement of his own journey to Mecca in favour of a small diplomatic mission on his behalfThe departure of the mission to Mecca under Ibn Saud’s cousin Ahmad Al-Thenyan [Aḥmad bin ‘Abdullāh bin Ibrāhīm bin Thunayān Āl Saʿūd, also written as Ahmad ibn Thunaiyan and Thaniyan in the file], and accompanied by Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan and Shaikh Farhan Beg Al Rahmah, in August 1920Discussions between Hussain and Al-Thenyan, an agreement signed between them to re-establish friendly relations, and the mission’s return to NejdArrangements for a meeting at Ojair [Al ‘Uqayr] between Ibn Saud and Sir Percy Cox, British High Commissioner in BaghdadThe awarding of an honorary GCIE to Ibn SaudReports in 1921 and 1922 that Ibn Saud is preparing to attack Hejaz and besiege Mecca.Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan’s reports from Riyadh in July and August 1920, including accounts of meetings with Ibn Saud, are on folios 78-113. His diary of the journey from Riyadh to Mecca is on folios 178-191. Shaikh Farhan Beg Al Rahmah’s report of the mission to Mecca and account of the return journey is on folios 191-196.The primary correspondents are: the High Commissioner, Cairo; the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; the Political Agent, Bahrein; Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan; and Ibn Saud. Other correspondents include: the British Agent, Jeddah; the Political Agent, Koweit [Kuwait]; Hussain’s son Faisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī, later King of Iraq]; the Foreign Office; and the India Office.The file contains a single item in Arabic, a letter from Ibn Saud to Sir Percy Cox dated 24 August 1922, which is on folios 202-203. An English summary of the contents is on folio 201.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 204; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence between ff 178-196.
231. Correspondence Related to the Mission of Mirza Mahdi Ali Khan to Impede the Advance of Zeman Shah into India
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence is about the mission of Mirza Mehedy Ali Khan [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān, several spellings appear in this part], Resident at Bushire [Bushehr] to the Persian Court. It includes copies of letters from him to the East India Company (EIC) reporting mainly on his diplomatic efforts to impede the advance of Zeman Shah [Zamān Shāh Durrānī, Amīr of Afghanistan, also spelled as Zemaun] into Hindostan [Subcontinental India]. He reports on relations between Russia and Persia [Iran]; his correspondence with the Grand Vizier, Hajy Mirza Ibraheem Khan [Ḥājī Ibrāhīm Khān Zand Kalantar Shīrāzī, Eʿtemād al-Dawlah, Persian Prime Minister]; his correspondence with the King of Persia [Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh Qājār, also called Bābā Khān] and getting his approval on sending the two princes, Mehmood Shah Zadeh [Maḥmūd Shāh Durrānī, brother of Zamān Shāh, also spelled as Mahmood] and Ferooze [Fayrūz Shāh Durānī, brother of Zeman Shah, also spelled as Phirouz-ed-den] to Heraut [Herat] and Candahor [Kandahar] via Khorassan [Khorasan]. He also reports on the EIC’s activities in Persia and the movement of shipping in the Persian Gulf’.The correspondence includes a letter from Abdur Reheem [‘Abd al-Raḥīm Khān Shīrāzī, Beglerbegi of Iraq] at the Royal Residence in Tehraun [Tehran], to Mehedy Ali Khan regarding the relation between the King of Persia and the Company and about the defeat of Zeman Shah. It also includes letters from the Governor of Bombay about the Company’s accounts, trade in Persia and Zeman Shah.Physical description: 1 item (22 folios)
232. Correspondence of Harford Jones, Samuel Manesty and Lord Elgin
- Description:
- Abstract: A ‘Narrative of Proceedings’ from the period 14-20 July 1821, describing a dispute between Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], and Soliman Pashaw [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad].Attached are:Two letters from Samuel Manesty, Resident in Bussora [Basra], to Harford Jones, sent from Bussora and dated 7 July 1801. Manesty affirms his support for Jones is his dispute with the Pashaw and offers to accommodate Jones in Bussora if he leaves BagdadA declaration to the Pashaw by Harford Jones, dated 17 July 1801. Jones declares his intention to leave for Bussora, but also offers to remain in Bagdad subject to conditionsA letter from Lord Elgin, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, to Harford Jones, sent from Constantinople [Istanbul] and dated 23 June 1801. The letter stresses the need not to undermine Britain’s relations with allies through disrespectful and imperious behaviourA summary of a letter from Lord Elgin to Soliman Pashaw, addressing the dispute with Jones and affirming the importance of the Pashaw’s friendship to Britain.These papers were enclosed in Jones’s letter to Jonathan Duncan, Governor of Bombay, dated August 1801 (catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/163).Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
233. Extract from the Journal of Captain John Nicholl Robert Campbell
- Description:
- Abstract: Extract from the journal of Captain John Nicholl Robert Campbell, the assistant to the East India Company Envoy to Persia [Iran], Lieutenant-Colonel John Macdonald Kinneir, during his visit to the camp of the Prince Royal [ʿAbbās Mīrzā Qājār, Crown Prince of Persia]. The journal details the communications between Campbell and the Prince Royal held on 21 September 1827 concerning Anglo-Persian relations and the ongoing war between Russia and Persia [Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828], including:The Prince Royal’s frustration at the failure of the British Government to acknowledge or respond to his communications on the subject of the war, which he attributes to a lack of interest in PersiaHis belief that Persia is entitled to a subsidy and mediation in the war from the British, as per Anglo-Persian treaty relations, on account of Russia being the aggressor in the warThe desire of both the Prince Royal and the Shāh of Persia [Fatḥ-‘Alī Shāh Qājār] to send envoys to EnglandThe prospect of a timely agreement of peace with Russia so as to avoid greater pecuniary and territorial demands in the event of a prolongation of the warThe disrespectful behaviour of the leader of the Russian forces, General Paskevitch [General Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Erivansky, Governor-General of Georgia]The lack of funds available for the Prince Royal to continue to prosecute the war effectively.This document was originally enclosed, numbered 1 in dispatch No. 67, in Macdonald Kinneir’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of October 1827 (IOR/L/PS/9/71/67).Physical description: 1 item (17 folios)
234. File 1187/1914 Pt 1 'Persia - Policy Anglo-Russian relations'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains papers relating to Russian policy, British policy, and Anglo-Russian relations, in Persia [Iran] in 1914.The papers mostly consist of copies of correspondence between Sir Edward Grey, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister to Persia, and copy correspondence between Grey and Sir George William Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia at St Petersburg. The volume also includes India Office minute papers, correspondence between the India Office and the Foreign Office, and correspondence between the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy [of India].The file includes correspondence regarding the following issues:the opposition of the Russian Government to the employment of the Persian Gendarmerie under Swedish officers in the Russian sphere of Persia, and the Russian desire to increase the size of the Persian Cossack Brigade under Russian officersthe growth of Russian influence in Ispahan [Isfahan] and further south in Persiathe question of the future of Southern Persia from the point of view of the maintenance of British interests and British tradethe collection of taxes in [Iranian] Azerbaijan and elsewhere in the Northern provinces of Persia by the Russian consulates, from Russian subjects, Russian protected persons, and othersthe question of the removal of Shuja-ed-Dowleh as Governor-General of [Iranian] Azerbaijanthe Russian desire for the replacement of Samsam-es-Sultaneh as Governnor-General of IspahanThe volume also includes: a copy of the Convention between Great Britain and Russia signed on 31 August 1907, ‘containing Arrangements on the subject of Persia, Afganistan, and Thibet [Tibet]’ (in English and French); and related correspondence between Sir Arthur Nicolson, British Ambassador to Russia, and Sir Edward Grey, and between Nicolson and Alexander Petrovich Iswolsky [Izvolsky], Russian Foreign Minister, dated 1907 (the latter correspondence is in English and French).The file includes a few other folios in French, including a copy of an unsigned memorandum communicated to the Russian Minister at Téhéran [Tehran] by the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs, dated 25 June 1914 (folios 81 to 82).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 183; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
235. File 3208/1908 Pt 4 ‘Persian Gulf: acts of piracy by Ahmed bin Selman near Katif [Turkish discourtesy to commander of HMS “Lapwing” at Katif]’
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 4 contains correspondence relating to attacks against Bahrain pearling dhows, committed by members of the Beni Hajir tribe and led by an individual named Ahmed bin Selman, in the waters around Bahrain and the Turkish administered territories of Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] and El Katr [Qatar]. The part’s principal correspondents include: the Political Agent at Bahrain (John Calcott Gaskin; Captain Francis Beville Prideaux); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Percy Zachariah Cox); the British Ambassador at Constantinople [Istanbul] (Sir Walter Beaupre Townley); the Ambassador to the Court of the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire (Sir Nicholas Roderick O’Conor).The correspondence covers:reports of the activities of Ahmed bin Selman and his followers in around the waters of Bahrain, Nejd, and the Qatar peninsula, including accounts of theft and violence committed against pearling dhows, as reported by the Political Agent at Bahrain;representations made by British officials to their Turkish counterparts, protesting against the acts described as piracy being committed from Turkish-administered territories in the Persian Gulf;Government of India proposals for the provision of a boat for the Political Agent at Bahrain, and gunboat patrols of the pearl banks;a visit made by HMS Sphinxto the Nejd coast in 1905, in order to pursue enquiries against Ahmed bin Selman, which provokes an official complaint from the Ottoman Turkish Government (in French, f 108);the appearance in 1906 of Ahmed bin Selman in Doha of Al Bidda [Doha], representations made by British officials to the ruler of Qatar Shaikh Jasim bin Thani [Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī], and further Turkish complaint at British interference on the Qatar peninsula;the visit of HMS Lapwingto Katif in 1907 in pursuit of Ahmed bin Selman, resulting in a show of ‘discourtesy’ by a Turkish official towards British naval officers, and subsequent British demands for an official apology, which is tendered by the kaimmakam [kaimakam] of Katif in June 1908 (f 8).Physical description: 178 folios
236. File 3372/1916 Pt 2 'Arabia: French and Italian policy'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers largely relating to French policy in the Hedjaz [Hejaz] and Arabia, and Anglo-French relations concerning the region. It includes papers relating to the following:The French mission being sent to the Hedjaz under Mustapha Cherchali.The French Military Mission in the Hedjaz.The British desire for French recognition of British predominance in the region.The Sykes-Picot Mission.The recommendations of HM High Commissioner, Egypt, on future British policy in Arabia.The desire of the French government to send the equivalent in gold of 975,000 francs to the King of the Hedjaz.The question of a revised agreement between Britain and France regarding Arabia and the Hedjaz.The activities of a French agent at Mecca, Mahomet Bin Sasi.The volume also includes papers relating to the policy to be adopted by Britain towards Italian ‘pretentions’ in Arabia.The papers mostly consist of: correspondence between the India Office and the Foreign Office, with enclosures including correspondence between the Foreign Office and the French Ambassador to the United Kingdom; copy correspondence between the Foreign Office and Sir Reginald Wingate, HM High Commissioner, Egypt, sent to the India Office by the Foreign Office; India Office Minute Papers; and other correspondence and papers. Some of the papers are in French, and there is also a copy of a newspaper cutting in Italian.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 243; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
237. File 3498/1912 ‘Aden News Letters’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains the Aden weekly newsletters for the years 1912 to 1916, which are also referred to as the Aden or Residency weekly political intelligence summaries or diaries and were compiled by the British Political Resident at Aden. They contain a record of current local events, news and information and were regularly submitted by the Aden Resident to the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department at Delhi, who then circulated them to the India Office and Foreign Office in London. The newsletters contain information about Turkish troop movements in Yemen; the changing relations and frequent outbreaks of hostilities between the numerous Yemeni tribal chiefs and in particular, the state of their allegiance to either the occupying Ottoman Turks or the British Government, identifying them accordingly as either Turkish or British stipendiary shaikhs. Included in the Resident’s reports are the sources of his information: shaikhs, officials, merchants, traders and travellers visiting or writing to him at Aden, as well as news received from the British Assistant Resident stationed on Perim Island.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 291; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the four leading and end flyleaves.
238. File 619/1907 Pt 2 'Arms Traffic:- Muscat dhows. "Kadra" case.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume discusses an alleged arms trafficking incident which occurred in December 1908. The El Khadra, a dhow owned by Mubarak bin Khamis, a subject of Muscat, was seized by Italian authorities off the coast of Ras Hafun [Raas Xaafuun] on charges of arms trafficking.The volume includes the negotiations between the British and Italian Governments to find an acceptable resolution to the situation. A settlement was reached and the boat returned to its owner in July 1911.The principal correspondents in the volume include the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (Robert Erskine Holland, and Arthur Prescott Trevor); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Cox); the Viceroy of India (Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto); the Italian Agent at Muscat (Umberto Omar); the Italian Vice-Consul at Aden (Renato Piacentini); the British Ambassador to the Court of Italy (Sir James Rennell Rodd, 1st Baron Rennell); the Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey) and India (Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe); and the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs (Tommaso Tittoni, Guido Fusinato, and Antonino Paternò-Castello, marchese di San Giuliano).This is part 2 of 10. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 398; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The front cover, along with one leading flyleaf, has not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
239. File 1000/1918 Pt 4 'Persia: policy'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item contains correspondence regarding affairs in Persia [Iran] in November 1918-March 1919, in the aftermath of the First World War, particularly in relation to considerations over the future of Anglo-Persian relations and to Persian attempts to be admitted as a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference.The primary correspondent is HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia. Other correspondents include the Government of India and the Foreign Office.The item contains a single folio in French, folio 65, a letter from HM Envoy to the Prime Minister of Persia. An English translation is included on folio 66.Physical description: 1 item (187 folios)
240. File 7251/1920 Pt 4 'Arabia: [Nejd] Question of channel of communication between H. M. Govt & Ibn Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This part contains correspondence between British officials regarding diplomatic relations between Ibn Saud [Ibn Sa‘ūd or ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the British Government, specifically the protocol for communication between the two parties and whether or not a personal representative of Ibn Saud should be appointed in London. The primary correspondents in the file are officials from the Foreign Office, Political Residency in Bushire, the Colonial Office and the India Office. On folios 71-72 and 124, the file contains two letters sent to British officials by Ibn Saud.The correspondence also discusses the activities of representatives of the Soviet Union in Ibn Saud's domains, general political conditions in the Arabian peninsula and the division of responsibilities between the Colonial Office and the Government of India in the area.On folio 112 the file contains a small hand-drawn map of the Gulf with the locations and titles of Britain's various diplomatic representatives in the region marked on it.Physical description: 1 volume (204 folios)