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37. 'File 8/1 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: GWADUR/KALAT BOUNDARY'
- Description:
- Abstract: Following on from the previous file (IOR/R/15/6/183), this file mainly concerns issues arising in relation to the boundary between Muscat-controlled Gwadur [Gwadar] and the state of Kalat. It features the following principal correspondents: the British Agent, Gwadur; the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan; the Minister of External Affairs, Muscat and Oman; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; officials of the Government of India's External Affairs Department.The file includes discussion of the following: reports that Kalat state authorities are building a road which will pass through Muscat territory; reports of coast watchers of Kalat state patrolling in the Gwadur area; details of the Gwadur district, including its extent and limits, its customs and its population size; reports of Muscat subjects being mistreated and subjected to forced labour in Kalat state; the case for laying down a 'working line' of the Gwadur-Kalat boundary for the benefit of British political officers on each side, and whether the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and the Khan of Kalat should both be informed of such an arrangement; whether the question of the formal demarcation of the Gwadur-Kalat boundary should be reopened; dissatisfaction among neighbouring tribal leaders near Gwadur over the Sultan of Muscat's recent decision to cease paying their annuities.Also included in the file are four maps depicting Gwadur and the surrounding region. The Arabic language material mainly consists of correspondence between British officials in the Gulf and representatives of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 107; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-106; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
38. 'File 22/23 II Kuwait Conference 1924'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the 1923-24 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. The main topics discussed include the following:the Kuwait Conference: adjournment, 1924;further negotiations.The discussion in the volume relates to the minutes of the sessions (3rd to 12th) and the exhortations of the President of the conference, Stuart George Knox, to the delegates not to take hardened negotiating positions. Topics discussed in the correspondence also include: Ibn Sa'ud's health, flags and badges and raising of armed forces. An index to the volume is given in folio 269.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 272; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-269, and ff 163-261; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
39. 'File 6/3 Survey of Kuwait and Neutral Zone by the Royal Air Force (also by American Navy)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between the Political Agent in Kuwait, and British Authorities in London and Iraq regarding the aerial survey of the Neutral Zone that lies between the Kuwaiti-Iraqi and Saudi Arabian borders. Several papers discuss concerns held by Saudi authorities that aerial surveys would be used to delineate political boundaries.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 163; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 1-162, and ff 144-162; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
40. 'File 5/17 Administration in the Neutral Zone'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between the Rulers of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, as well as the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agent in Kuwait regarding the administration of the Neutral Zone, and exploration for oil deposits in the Neutral Zone. The papers discuss the initiation of oil operations in the Neutral Zone by various oil companies, but also some details of the jurisdiction of the Rulers of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia in the Neutral Zone and on its borders.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 35; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two previous foliation sequences, which are also circled, have been superseded and therefore crossed out.
41. 'File 5/1 XVI Kuwait Oil Company'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains documents relating to the operations of the Kuwait Oil Company in Kuwait. The papers cover a wide range of subjects from drilling rights and territorial distinctions to labour hiring practices. Of note are numerous tables listing the non-managerial employees of the Kuwait Oil Company by name, rank and nationality. Most of the papers are exchanges between the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the representative of the Kuwait Oil Company, and the Political Agent in Kuwait.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 428; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional irregular foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
42. 'File 5/2 I Kuwait Neutral Zone'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains papers relating to the exploitation of oil in Kuwait and the Neutral Zone between Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. In particular, it contains correspondence relating to the competition between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Eastern and General Syndicate for a concession in Kuwait. Some correspondence from the ruler of Kuwait is also included in the file. Other correspondence discusses negotiations with the ruler of Kuwait alongside talks with Fuad Bey Hamza, Shaikh Hafiz Wahba, and the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 235; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional irregular foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
43. 'File 5/2 II Kuwait Neutral Zone'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence pertaining to the negotiations between various oil companies, the British Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, and the British Government on the initiation of oil extraction operations in the Neutral Zone between Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Some papers include negotiations with the Iraq Oil Company and the Standard Oil Company of California.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 246; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-241; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
44. 'File 5/2 III Kuwait Neutral Zone'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence relating to the initiation of oil operations in the Neutral Zone. The papers include draft agreements on the proposed territorial division of the Neutral Zone as well as various proposals for the sharing of oil resources drafted between British Foreign Office in London and the Persian Gulf. Of note are numerous letters that discuss Harold Adrian Russell Philby's involvement in negotiations on the future of the Neutral Zone.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 388; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional irregular foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
45. 'File 5/2 IV Kuwait Neutral Zone'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence relating to the extraction of oil in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Most of the papers discuss negotiations between the British government and the ruler of Kuwait, and the various oil companies involved in oil operations in the Neutral Zone at the time. Of note are several letters by Major Frank Holmes acting on behalf of the Eastern and General Syndicate.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 299; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional irregular foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 71-111 and ff 130-298 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
46. 'File 5/2 V Kuwait Neutral Zone'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence primarily between the India Office, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent in Kuwait, and relating to the development of oil operations in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. The majority of the papers relate to the re-negotiation of oil royalties paid to the Ruler of Kuwait. Other papers cover British government's perspectives on the presence of American Oil Companies in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 378; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 122-377 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
47. 'File 5/2 VI Kuwait Neutral Zone'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence relating to the operations of oil companies in the Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Iraq. The correspondence is primarily between British officials, but also includes letters to and from the American Independent Oil Company, and the Kuwait Oil Company. Of note are several agreements, and drafts of agreements relating to the operations of the oil industry in the Neutral Zone and in Kuwait.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 351; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
48. 'File 8/1 GWADUR-KALAT BOUNDARY 1912-1942'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is mainly comprised of correspondence relating to the boundary between Muscat-controlled Gwadur [Gwadar] and the state of Kalat. Much of the correspondence discusses longstanding British concerns that the boundary should be officially defined and demarcated before any valuable minerals are discovered in the area. A settlement of the boundary is initially suggested in May 1913 by the Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan (Lieutenant-Colonel J Ramsay); the issue is raised again in May 1938, with the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle) making the case for the establishment of a small boundary commission for the purpose of settling the frontier dispute.The volume includes discussion of the following: the Sultan of Muscat's concerns regarding a reported Trans-Persian railway survey near Gwadur in 1912; territorial disputes between the Gwadur and Mekran authorities; trade disputes between Kalat and Muscat (also spelled as Maskat and Masqat in the earlier correspondence); whether the Burmah Oil Company and Indian Oil Concessions Limited should be permitted to negotiate with the Sultan of Muscat, in spite of the fact that the Sultan cannot grant an oil concession without the Government of India's approval; the likelihood of the Khan of Kelat being in favour of demarcation; travel arrangements and expenses for the proposed boundary commission; the alleged crossing of the Gwadur boundary by Kalat state officials; rumours of the Khan of Kalat's intentions to invade Gwadur; reported incidents between Muscat and Kalat subjects.The volume features the following principal correspondents: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan; the British Agent, Gwadur; the Sultan of Muscat; the Director of the Persian Gulf Section of the Indo-European Telegraph Department; the Assistant Political Agent, Mekran; officials of the Government of India's External Affairs Department.Also included in the volume is a sketch map of Gwadur and the surrounding region. The Arabic language material mainly consists of correspondence between British representatives and the Sultan of Muscat. The file also includes a small amount of correspondence in Farsi.Whilst the volume includes material dating from 1912 to 1942, it should be noted that there is no material covering the period of 1920-1936.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 215; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 62-202; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.