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49. 'File 8/2 Muscat State Affairs: Boundary of Muscat'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the boundaries of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. It includes four copies of a single page of notes on the boundaries of the Sultanate, dated January 1936 and prepared by the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat (ff 3-6), together with four versions of an accompanying sketch map showing the limits of the Sultanate (ff 7-10).The remainder of the file is mainly correspondence exchanged between the Political Agent and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, regarding whether or not certain locations fall within Muscat territory. One particular letter from the Political Agent to the Political Resident, dated 29 June 1944, provides details of what the Sultan of Muscat [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] considers to be the interior boundaries of Muscat (these are given as four sets of degree coordinates, which the Sultan is said to have received from a previous Political Agent, Major Ralph Ponsonby Watts).Included among the correspondence are two further sketch maps depicting the north-eastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 30; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-28; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
50. 'File 8/2 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: BOUNDARY OF MUSCAT'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to the boundaries of Muscat, in the context of anticipated negotiations between the British Government and King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], regarding the eastern frontiers of Saudi Arabia. Reference is made to the 'blue line', which was laid down in the Anglo-Turkish Conventions of 1913 and 1914, and the file discusses the approach that should be taken in discussions with Ibn Saud regarding possible modifications of that line.The file contains a copy of a telegram from the Secretary of State for India to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (forwarded by the Political Resident to the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat), dated 29 September 1934, which provides some background to the Anglo-Saudi boundary dispute and requests information regarding the existing boundaries of each Trucial Sheikhdom [Shaikhdom] and of Muscat. The Political Agent's reply to the forwarded telegram, dated 23 October 1934, provides an outline of what the Sultan of Muscat [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] considers to be the boundaries of his Sultanate.Also included in the file are a copy of a letter received by the Colonial Office from the Political Resident at Aden, discussing the eastern boundary of the Aden Protectorate, and a copy of a letter from the India Office to the Foreign Office, which extensively discusses the issue of Saudi Arabia's eastern frontier and the available policy options. One question marked for consideration is whether the British should aim for a settlement which provides 'definite territorial limits' of the frontiers, or one which defines the frontiers based on tribal divisions.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 31; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-30; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
51. 'File 82/27 III (F 84) APOC: Qatar Oil'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence and notes of meetings between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Political Resident at Bushire, the India Office in London and ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī, Shaikh of Qatar, the Foreign Office, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) and H.M.'s Ministry at Jedda in regard to the southern borders of Qatar, the Qatar oil concession and the relations of the Shaikhdom with the King of Saudi Arabia, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd). There are documents in Arabic, mainly letters to and from the Sheikh of Qatar. Some of the documents in the volume are marked as confidential.Physical description: The main foliation is in pencil in circled numbers, in the top right of the recto of each folio. The numbering starts starts on the first folio of writing with 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D; and runs through to 312, which is the last number given on the last folio of the volume. There is a blank page at the beginning and three at the end of the volume.There is also another sequence, which is incomplete, written in pencil, in the top right corner, starting with 39 on folio 37 and ending with 299 on folio 312.
52. 'Bickaneer [Bīkāner] Agency - D.O. Letters from Captain Burton'
- Description:
- Abstract: Demi-official letters from Captain Charles William Burton, Political Agent at Bikaneer [Bīkāner], to Lewis Pelly, and Pelly's predecessor as Agent to the Governor-General in Rajputana [Rājasthān], Colonel John Cheape Brooke.The correspondence discusses administrative matters in Bickaneer including discussions on individuals resident in Bickaneer; relations with the Maharaja; border disputes, and local appointments.Physical description: Foliation: The file has been foliated using a pencil number, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. Foliation anomaly: 28a.Conservation: The correspondence was originally tied together with a piece of string, which has since been removed to enable the individual items to be read. The string has been placed in a plastic sleeve at the rear of the file.
53. '22/23 I Kuwait Conference 1923'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the 1923 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries.The discussion in the volume relates to the following:a proposal to hold Conference at Kuwait to settle the Najd-Transjordania and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. Correspondence discusses costs and practical arrangements and arrival of delegations from Iraq, Transjordania and Nejd and uncertainty over arrival of delegates from Hidjaz;preliminary negotiations and letter of credentials from Abdullah bin al-Hussain, Ruler of Transjordania, for Ali Khulqi Bey; letter of credentials from Faisal, Ruler of Iraq for Sabih Bey Nasrat; letter of credentials from Ibn Saud for Saiyid Hamzah; discussion of the implications of the Mohammerah Iraq-Najd Convention;conference negotiations - correspondence discusses points put forward by the various delegations, including blood-money, raiding and losses, raids by the Ikhwan, and the collection of zakah;summaries of the sessions of the conference and arbitration;a draft agreement (ff 227-228) on raiding;a list of raids (ff 247-248);an index to topics discussed in the conference (folio 249).The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 250; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A fold-out is present on the verso of folio 235 and has been labelled with an ‘a’. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 3-248, and ff 122-237; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
54. The Southern Boundary of Qatar and the Connected Problems. Report by J G Laithwaite dated 26 Jan 1934 and Appendix dated 27 Feb 1934
- Description:
- Abstract: A report concerning the demarcation of Qatar's southern boundary written by India Office representative, J G Laithwaite. The report (folios 1-4) is divided up into the following short sections:The Boundary on the South-East;The Boundary on the South-West;The Position Prior to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;The Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;Line Indicated in 1922 by Sir Percy Cox to Ibn Saud and Major Holmes as the Eastern Limit of any Oil Concession in Respect of Hasa [Al Hasa];I.P.C Map of February-March 1933;Conclusions as to the Southern Boundary of Qatar;Position of Area lying between Base of Qatar Peninsula and Blue Line of Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;Importance of Maintaining the Blue Line;Disadvantages of Maintenance of the Blue Line while Fixing Southern Boundary of Qatar at the Base of the Qatar Peninsula;Nature and Political Conditions of the Indeterminate Area;The Barr-Al-Qarah District;Conclusions.An appendix entitled Boundaries of Qatar follows the report on folios 4-5. The appendix is divided up as follows:I) Extracts from Lorimer's Gazetteer.II) Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913 (Unratified).III) Mr. Philby's Journey of 1932.IV) Note of Discussion with Sir Percy Cox on 20th February 1934 on Question of Boundaries of Qatar.Physical description: Condition: One stapled booklet.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. This is the sequence which has been used by this catalogue to reference items within the volume.Pagination: An original typed pagination sequence is also present in the file.
55. File 4917/1920 'MESOPOTAMIA: MANDATE [AND PALESTINE]'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume includes correspondence in the form of telegrams, letters, minutes, draft mandates and conventions. The correspondence is mainly about the British Mandate for Palestine and Mesopotamia, and the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon. British and French officials exchanged draft copies of the mandates discussing the wordings, modifications required, the date to submit them to the Council of the League of Nations, and the date to get the drafts signed by the allied powers.The main issues discussed in the volume are the following:Amendments required in regard to the section on the holy placesThe French Government’s desire to imitate the Mandate for Mesopotamia as far as possible for its own mandate in SyriaDraft declarations constituting the mandates for Palestine and MesopotamiaProposals for the future administration of EgyptThe question on whether the foreign relation article of the draft Mandate for Mesopotamia should follow the Egyptian example or notThe necessity to get the views of the High Commissioner of Mesopotamia, Percy Cox, on the draft MandateDraft Anglo-French Convention discussing the construction of two railways in the Yarmuk valley; the water of the rivers Tigris, Euphrates and the Jordan Valley; and the Syria-Palestine boundariesThe maintaining of the local troops in the territories for the defence of these territoriesThe question of whether Arabic should be the official language of MesopotamiaCommunication between the Foreign Office and the High Commissioner, Jerusalem, Herbert Samuel, regarding the question of ‘safeguarding Palestine’s right to use the waters of Litani and Yarmuk for power purposes even if they fall outside frontiers of Palestine’The wording of the draft Mandate for Palestine, and the use of the terms ‘National Home’ and ‘Jewish State’The French Government's mistrust of the British policy in Palestine‘Italian Government’s opposition to entry into force of mandates pending ratification of Turkish Peace Treaty’The communication of mandates to the United States GovernmentPostponement of legalisation of British position in Palestine and Mesopotamia until the mandates are passed by the Council of the League of NationsThe necessity of drafting of an organic law and postponement of the Mesopotamia mandate.The volume contains the following items:Copy of the Convention Franco-Britannique (Franco-British Convention) signed 23 December 1920, by the French Prime Minister, Georges Leygues and the British Ambassador to France, Charles Hardinge of Penfhurst [Penshurst]Copies in French and in English of draft mandates for Palestine, Mesopotamia, Syria and Lebanon submitted by representatives of the British and the French Delegations to the Council of the League of Nations for its approvalA convention regarding Palestine, signed between the British Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Joseph Austen Chamberlain, and the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States at London, Frank B Kellogg.The principal correspondents in the volume are: the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the Assistant Secretary, Foreign Office; the Political Department, India Office; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Under-Secretary of State for India; the Secretary of State for India; the Secretary of the War Office; the Secretary to the Army Council; the British Embassy, Paris; the British Delegation to the Council of the League of Nations; the Director of Military Intelligence, War Office; the Treasury; the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the French Delegation to the Council of the League of Nations; and the French Embassy, London.The volume includes some duplications.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional foliation sequences are also present.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
56. Maps and Associated Documents Relating to the Post-war Realignment of Boundaries in the Former Ottoman Empire
- Description:
- Abstract: Maps and documents prepared for the re-alignment of boundaries in the former Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War. As follows:f 1 'Sketch Map of Asia Minor, showing approximate course of Roads and Railways'. With boundary additions. Engraved by Emery Walker Ltd. [1915-17]f 2 Western Turkey, showing the Zone of the High Commissioner and areas ceded to Greece and Italy. [Early 1890s-1920?]ff 3-4 'Boundary of Demilitarized Zone about Constantinople [Istanbul]. (Meeting of Allied Naval & Military Advisors, London 16.2.20.)' Created by the Geographical Section, General Stafff 5 'Izmir (Smyrna)'. With boundaries and population statistics added in manuscript. 1916-20f 6 'Anatolia'. Created by the War Office August 1919 with boundaries and population statistics added to 20 February 1920f 7 'Anatolia'. Created by the War Office August 1919 with boundaries and proposed boundaries added to 30 March 1920f 8 'Map No. 1. Turkey in Europa. Zone of the Straits, Smyrna, the [Aegean] Islands'. Created by 'S[ervice].G[éographique de l'].A[rmée]. 28.7.20.'f 9 'A Map of Turkey in Asia'. Proposed division of Ottoman Empire after the First World War. [1918?]f 10 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916 in regard to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, &c.' Created by Edward Stanford. [1918?]f 11 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916 in regard to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, &c.' Created by Edward Stanford and the Foreign Office, October 1918ff 12-14 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916 in regard to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, &c.' Created by Edward Stanford and the Foreign Office, January 1919ff 15-16 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916.' Turkey in Asia. Created by Edward Stanford, October 1919ff 17-23 'Maps illustrating Memorandum respecting the Settlement of Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula.' [Published by the Political Intelligence Department, Foreign Office, 21 November 1918]ff 24-30 'Maps illustrating Memorandum respecting the Settlement of Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula.' [Published by the Political Intelligence Department, Foreign Office, 21 November 1918]f 31 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia [Iran]'. With international boundary annotations. 1917-20?f 32 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia'. With repatriation annotations. 1917-20?ff 33-34 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia'. With overprints showing ethnic information, boundaries and communications. 1917-20?ff 35-35a 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia (Ethnographical)' with attached key. 1917-19f 36 [Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia]. Fragment of south-east corner, with additional railway information. 1917-18f 37 'Arménie. Dressèe par le Capitaine de Corvette Z. Khanzadian' [1919]f 38 'Map to show territory which was Turkish prior to War 1914-'18 which it is proposed to include within Northern, Western and Southern Boundaries of Armenia.' Created by the Geographical Section, General Staff, 1920f 39 'Persia and Afghanistan'. With manuscript additions showing 'Persian Territorial Claims'. 1919-1919?ff 40-40a 'Caucasus Boundaries' with attached note. [1919]f 41 'Tabriz'. Created by the Royal Geographical Society and the War Office. With manuscript additions. 1916-20f 42 'The Middle East'. Published by 'Admiralty War Staff I[ntelligence].D[ivision].' With manuscript additions showing Arabic language areas. [1917]f 43 'The Middle East'. Published by 'Admiralty War Staff I[ntelligence].D[ivision].' With manuscript additions showing areas of British direct control and spheres of special political influence. [1917]f 44 'Syria. Jaffa – Damascus'. Published by the War Office. With manuscript additions showing boundary information. 1916-[1920?].Physical description: 42 map sheets and 8 folios
57. 'Confidential 86/22 - i A.78. GWADAR OIL'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence in English and Arabic between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle), the Political Agent at Muscat (Ralph Ponsonby Watts), the India Office (John Percival Gibson, John Charles Walton), the Secretary to the Government of India, External Affairs Department (Olaf Kirkpatrick Careo, William Rupert Hay), the Agent to the Governor General for Baluchistan (Alfred Alan Lethbridge Parsons), the Sultan of Muscat (Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd), the Burmah Oil Company (William Ernest V Abraham, W A Gray, John H L Brownrigg) and Indian Oil Concessions Limited (Hamilton R Ballantyne, Lloyd Nelson Hamilton, Joseph Paul McCulloch) regarding a possible concession for the Jabal-i-Mehdi [Koh Mehdi] area of Gwadur [Gwadar] belonging to the Sultan of Muscat.The correspondence covers initial enquiries by both companies to His Majesty’s Government expressing interest in a concession through to the commencement of negotiations and the submission of draft concession agreements for the Sultan’s consideration.Also discussed in the volume is the boundary between Gwadur and Kalat [Kalāt] which would need to be demarcated before approval could be given for an oil concession at Gwadur. The correspondence discusses relations between the Khan of Kalat (Aḥmad Yār K̲h̲ān) and the Sultan of Muscat, including recent disagreements between both parties over customs and trade, and suggesting possible processes that could be followed in order to demarcate the boundary.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 206-216.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 221; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-216; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
58. 'Government House Letters Received Rajputana [Rājasthān]'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence to Lewis Pelly, primarily from the secretaries at Government House including Charles Umpherston Aitchison and Philip Durham Henderson of the Foreign Department, and Colonel William Earle and Captain Evelyn Baring, Secretaries to His Excellency Lord Northbrook, Viceroy of India.The correspondence discusses administrative matters relating to the running of the Rajputana [Rājasthān] Agency including a Durbar at Agra, appointments within Rajputana and the conduct of individuals appointed there, discussions around border issues and proposals for co-operation in relation to prosecution of criminals in border regions, relations with the local Chiefs, and matters of procedure and regulation.Physical description: Foliation: The file has been foliated using a pencil number enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. Some of the folios have been renumbered, with the former number has been crossed through to show it is no longer in use.Conservation: The correspondence had been tied together using string, which has been removed to enable the letters to be read and the string has been placed at the rear of the file in a plastic sleeve.
59. Political No. 17 of 1873, Forwarding Papers on the Subject of Raids by Seistan Robbers into Afghanistan, and Asking for an Early Settlement of the Seistan Boundary Question
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 24 January 1873, forwarding papers on the subject of raids by Seistan [Sistan] robbers into Afghanistan, and asking for an early settlement of the Seistan boundary question.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 144, and terminates at f 154a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains three foliation anomalies: f 144a, f 145a, and f 154a.
60. Aden Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of correspondence and minutes relating to affairs in Aden subsequent to the capture of the port by the British in January 1839.The papers notably cover:Report (ff 529-550) of Captain Robert Foster, Engineers, Military Department, dated 16 April 1839, submitted to Lieutenant-Colonel Edward M Wood, Military Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai], comprising: detailed plan for the fortification, development and settlement of Aden, including defences against attacks from the interior of Yemen and by sea; location of gun batteries and cantonments; plans for a new town; and promotion of trade and commerceAn analysis of Captain Foster's report, by Major J P Lester, Artillery, and Major [C?] Waddington, Engineer (ff 561-572)Plan to convey the three captured large brass Turkish guns on HMS Wellesleyto Trincomalee for onward transport to England and presentation to Queen VictoriaEstablishing a boundary between Egyptian possessions in Yemen and British interests in the Cape of AdenLocation and forwarding of the Sultan of Aden’s colours (flag) captured at his palace, for transport to Bombay and onwards to England.The principal correspondents are: Foster; John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay; and Thomas Herbert Maddock, Officiating Secretary to the Government of India with the Governor-General.There is a note before the papers commence stating: ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letters No. 68, dated 18th May 1839, is missing from this collection’.Physical description: The papers are not in chronological order.