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1. '11/5 Negotiations with Ibn Saud regarding Boundaries of Saudi Arabia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence, memoranda, maps, and other papers relating to questions over the position of Saudi Arabia’s south-eastern frontier adjoining Qatar and the Trucial Coast shaikhdoms, notably Abu Dhabi. Negotiations over the frontier had long been deferred by British Government officials, as a result of the Ruler of Saudi Arabia ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd’s [Ibn Saud] firm stance in negotiations before the Second World War. However, the need for a resolution became increasingly apparent as a result of ongoing oil exploration in Saudi Arabia by the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), and exploration in Qatar and Abu Dhabi by Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL). The principal correspondents in the file include: representatives of the India Office, Foreign Office, Ministry of Fuel and Power; the British Legation at Jedda; the Political Agent at Bahrain; and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The file includes:correspondence, dating from 1944 and 1945, between British Government officials in the Persian Gulf, India Office and Foreign Office, discussing the previous difficulties encountered in negotiating Saudi Arabia’s south-eastern frontiers with Ibn Saud, and the agreement that further negotiations be left until after the event of Ibn Saud’s death (ff 2-29);correspondence from late 1945 through 1947, between Government officials on the possible establishment of a neutral zone between Aramco’s concession area in Saudi Arabia, and PCL’s concession area in Qatar. Also, there is some discussion of Aramco’s proposals to begin seabed exploration off the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia (ff 36-59);PCL’s request for permission to conduct seismic surveys at the southernmost limit of their concession area in Qatar (ff 76-95);reports of Aramco survey parties making incursions into PCL’s concession areas in Qatar and Abu Dhabi (ff 104-127);Government criticism of PCL’s delay in exploiting its concession areas in Qatar and Abu Dhabi (f 133);preparations in August 1949 for the reopening of frontier negotiations with the Saudi Government in Jedda. Papers include: a copy of a confidential memorandum with map, dated 2 February 1948, on the south-eastern frontier of Saudi Arabia, prepared by J E Cable of the Eastern Department of the Foreign Office (ff 164-169; copy also at ff 87-91); three further confidential memoranda with maps, prepared by the Eastern Department in 1940, outlining past and present negotiations on the position of the south-eastern frontiers of Saudi Arabia (ff 170-180, ff 181-185, ff 186-188); proposals to send representatives from Qatar and Abu Dhabi to the Jedda negotiations (ff 190-203).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. This file has the following foliation anomaly: 111A. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-203; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
2. '21/2 TAXES IN QATAR'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns protests by Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited to the British Political Agent at Bahrain regarding the plan of Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī, the Ruler of Qatar, to impose a system of taxation on its employees and the question of whether this breaches Article 10 of the Qatar Oil Concession. Correspondents in this file include: Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire; Major Reginald George Evelin Alban, Political Agent at Bahrain; Ernest Vincent Packer, Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited; and the India Office, London.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 15; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
3. 'C.74 CONFIDENTIAL 86/4 EASTERN AND GENERAL SYNDICATE. QATAR.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the office of the Secretary of State for India, and the Admiralty regarding the Eastern and General Syndicate's past interest in obtaining a concession for Qatar and the recent movements of Major Frank Holmes and his agents in attempting to reinterest the Shaikh of Qatar (haikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī) in a concession.The file also includes a summary of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company's interest in a Qatar concession in 1925 and a letter from the Admiralty regarding the need to ensure any concession agreement included sufficient safeguards for British interests in the Persian Gulf.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 20-21.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present between ff 5-19; these numbers are also written in pencil and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, although the numbers are not circled. A previous (circled) foliation sequence has been crossed out.
4. 'File 38/2 Petroleum Concessions Limited's Policy'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to policy matters concerning Petroleum Concessions Limited and their subsidiary company, Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited. The correspondence is between the India Office, the Political Residency at Bushire (later Bahrain) [Persian Gulf Political Residency], the Political Agency at Bahrain, representatives of Petroleum Concessions Limited in Bahrain and London, and the American Consul at Dhahran in Saudi Arabia.The papers contained within the file cover the company's policy on the following matters:a request for information on the oil industry submitted by the United States Government through their Consul at Dhahran;the potential disputes that may arise between rulers and tribal leaders over the ownership of oil rights;a resolution (folio 17) to increase the capital of Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited;Folio 18 is a cover letter from Petroleum Concessions Limited for a copy of the Iraq Petroleum Company Handbook (not present).Folios 20-21 are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-19; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
5. 'File 38/3 II P. C. L. Qatar Concession'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to the work of Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited, a subsidiary of Petroleum Concessions Limited, in Qatar. The correspondence is principally between the Political Agent in Bahrain, the Political Residency in Bahrain [Persian Gulf Political Residency], representatives of Petroleum Concessions Limited (at their offices in Bahrain and the United Kingdom) and Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited, the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India, the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, the Staff Liaison Officer (RAF) in Bahrain, and the ruler of Qatar, Abdulla bin Qasim al Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Qāsim Āl Thānī].The papers contained in the file cover the following matters: use of certain radio frequencies by Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited;jurisdiction of the Shaikh of Qatar over non-Qatari and non-British subjects in his country;employment of foreign nationals, including Iranian drivers and mechanics, Palestinian welders and other technicians, and Hungarians and Romanians;employment of the Lebanese firm Contracting and Trading Company to recruit skilled labour;use of the telegraphic address PETROQAT QATAR by Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited;the provision of meat for workers in the field;the extent of the Qatar concession, specifically if it covers its waters and islands;interference in the erection of navigational buoys by Su'aad bin Abdur Rehman Al-Thani, Shaikh of Wakrah;advance payment of concession royalties to Shaikh ‘Abdullāh of Qatar;the Shaikh of Bahrain's claims on Zubarah.Folios 155-66 are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-152; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
6. 'File 38/3 I, P. C. L. Qatar Concession'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to the work of Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited, a subsidiary of Petroleum Concessions Limited, in Qatar. The correspondence is principally between the Political Agent in Bahrain, the Political Residency in Bushire [Persian Gulf Political Residency], representatives of Petroleum Concessions Limited (at their offices in Bahrain and the United Kingdom) and Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited (in the field in Qatar), the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India, the ruler of Qatar, Abdulla bin Qasim al Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Qāsim Āl Thānī], and the ruler of Bahrain, Salmān bin Ḥamad Āl Khalīfah.The papers contained in the volume cover the following matters:the employment of foreign workers within the oil industry in Qatar, particularly that of Americans, Portuguese Goans, and Bahrainis;the expansion of drilling operations during the early stages of the Second World War;plans for a sea terminal on the Qatari coast, and a pipeline to any such port;the striking of oil at a new second well in March 1941;the form and method of payment of the concession royalties to the Shaikh of Qatar by the oil company;measures taken by the Oil Control Board to ensure continuing supplies of oil during the Second World War;the reopening of the Qatar oil fields following a short closure due to war;rates of pay and provision of meals for oil workers.Also within the volume is a report by the Acting Political Resident, William Rupert Hay, on his visit to Qatar on 13 November 1941 (folios 64-66) and a petition to the ruler of Bahrain (folios 148-52) signed by thirty-six Bahraini pearl merchants and boat captains; it complains that higher wages in the Qatar oil industry are attracting essential divers away from the pearling boats (folios 148-52).At the back of the file (folios 224-37) are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 5-223; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
7. ‘Qatar Oil Concession and connected Documents [Political agreement of 5 June 1935 between His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company Limited, 1935]’
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum contains a printed copy (folios 7-8) of the political agreement of 5 June 1935, made between His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom, and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) Limited. The original agreement was signed by Leonard Day Wakely on behalf of His Majesty’s Government, and the common seal of APOC affixed in the presence of William Fraser, Director of APOC, and John Clark, APOC Secretary.Following the agreement are printed copies of letters (folios 8-9) relating to the political agreement, including a letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Shaikh Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], the ruler of Qatar, dated 5 June 1935, enclosing and explaining the political agreement concluded between the British Government and APOC, and letters exchanged between representatives of APOC and the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 6 and terminates at f 9, as it is part of a larger physical file; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
8. ‘Qatar Oil Concession and connected Documents [Oil concession granted by the Shaikh of Qatar to the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 17 May 1935]’
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum contains a printed copy (folios 2-4) of the oil concession agreed between the Shaikh of Qatar, Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], and Charles C Mylles, Representative of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), on 17 May 1935. Following the concession agreement are copies of three letters (folio 5) sent by Mylles to Shaikh ‘Abdullāh, all dated 17 May 1935, relating to the signing of the concession agreement.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 2 and terminates at f 5, as it is part of a larger physical file; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
9. ‘File 28/35 Denial programme Qatar’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains copies of letters, agreements and other papers relating to the temporary cessation in 1942 of oil operations undertaken by Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited (PDQ) in Qatar, in response to events in the Second World War, and negotiations over an agreement between the Ruler of Qatar and the Political Agent at Bahrain for the cessation of operations, and continued payment of the concession and other costs. The volume’s principal correspondents are the Political Agent at Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield, superseded by Major Tom Hickinbotham in October 1943); the Manager of PDQ (Ernest Vincent Packer, also in the file as chief correspondent for Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL)); the Ruler of Qatar (Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī).The volume includes:a telegraphic instruction from the Under Secretary of State for India, dated 19 June 1942, informing of the Commander-in-Chief Middle East’s decision to plug all oil wells in Qatar and suspend drilling operations, ‘for reasons connected with the War Effort’ (f 10);a copy of a report marked Most Secret, detailing the oil denial proposals for PDQ’s operations in Qatar, prepared by Major E Boaden of the Royal Engineers, and dated 23 May 1942 (ff 19-20);correspondence dated June to July 1942, relating to the plugging and junking of oil wells in the Qatar oil field, and evacuation of oil and water supply equipment, under orders received by the Tenth Army (ff 45-53, ff 67-69);correspondence relating to arrangements to transfer oil drilling equipment from Qatar to Karachi;correspondence between PDQ/PCL, the Political Agent at Bahrain, and the Ruler of Qatar, relating to the protracted negotiation of terms for the suspension of oil operations in Qatar, chiefly concerning: retention and pay of guards to protect oil company property; salaries for the Ruler of Qatar’s representatives and the Director of Customs at Zekrit [Zikrīt, also referred to in correspondence as Zekhrit]; rent of the oil company’s house (Company House) in Doha [occasionally referred to as Dohah], and employment of servants; supply and use of the Company’s ice machine, water pump; provision of communications between Doha and Dukhan; maintenance of a launch between Zekrit and Bahrain;correspondence relating to the method of continued concession payments to the Ruler of Qatar: chiefly in the form of discussion over whether the payments should be in silver rupees, preferred by the Ruler but potentially difficult to supply, or in paper currency through the Eastern Bank Limited;multiple copies of the draft agreement of terms between the Ruler of Qatar and the Political Agent at Bahrain;correspondence dated October and November 1943 relating to arrangements for the Political Agent in Bahrain to visit Doha and the Ruler of Qatar, in order to conclude the suspension of operations agreement;a copy of the original agreement between the Ruler of Qatar and the Political Agent at Bahrain, dated 23 November 1943, setting out payments and facilities to be provided by PDQ during the suspension of operations in Qatar (in English and Arabic, with the latter signed by the Ruler of Qatar and Major Tom Hickinbotham, ff 336-338).While the volume’s correspondence begins in in May and June 1942, an extract of an earlier letter from the Political Resident, dated 5 June 1935 (f 6) provides the earlier date indicated in this catalogue entry’s date range.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 371; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional incomplete foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 163-349; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. 'File 10/3 III Qatar Oil Concession'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in Bushire, the Political Agent in Bahrain and the Secretary of State for India, on the Qatar oil concession, on the Southern boundary of Qatar and on the role of Ibn Saud in the negotiation.The volume includes:meeting notes, copies of telegrams and letters on Qatar and Kuwait oil concessions;note from the Political Agent in Kuwait to the Political Resident dated 23 Jan 1934 about the Qatar and Hasa Oil concessions and the Kuwait Neutral Zone (ff. 60-63);memorandum on the political importance of 'the maintenance of a British position on the Arab littoral of the Gulf' (ff. 71-76) and the need to offer protection to the Sheikh of Qatar in return for an 'undertaking on his part to grant a concession to the Anglo Persian Oil Company (Iraq Petroleum Company);correspondence between the British Air Ministry and the India Office about air facilities in Qatar;note referring to a conversation that occurred at the end of 1922 between Sir Percy, Ibn Saud and Major Holmes regarding the southern boundaries of Qatar and the political relationship between Qatar and Saudi Arabia (f. 116C);memorandum from the meetings occurred on 11-12 Mar 1934 between the Sheikh Abdullah bin Qasim al-Thani and the Political Resident re oil concession (ff. 131-140);copies of draft Qatar Oil Concession;a sketch of Qatar, ink on fabric (f. 212);memorandum on the frontiers of Saudi Arabia (ff. 196-199).There is an index at the end of the volume ( folios 211-216).Physical description: The foliation is on top right-hand corner, starting on the first page of writing and finishing on the back cover. The numbering is in pencil, enclosed by a circle and starts with 1, then 115, 116A, 116B, 116C, then carries on until 221, which is the last number given. There is a second pagination on the top right corner, uncircled, starting on folio 22 (numbered 21) to folio 100 (numbered 99) and then from folio 116a (numbered 113) until folio 210 (numbered 207).
11. Coll 30/83 'QATAR OIL CONCESSION, POLICY AND PROTECTION.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns British Government policy towards Qatar in the light of the bid by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) to obtain a concession from the Shaikh of Qatar (Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī]) to produce oil in the country. The British Government were keen that the concession should be obtained by a British company (APOC) and not by the Americans (Standard Oil Company of California). The oil concession was granted to APOC in 1935.The papers include: discussion of policy by various British Government departments and officials (notably the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle; the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department; and the Foreign Office); the security of Qatar against raids from the Arabian interior; relations between Qatar and Ibn Saud [Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, King of Saudi Arabia]; the decision of the British Government to offer military protection to Qatar in exchange for the granting of the oil concession to APOC (including discussions by the Committee of Imperial Defence, and its Standing Official Sub-committee for Questions concerning the Middle East); the development of air facilities in Qatar as a means of protecting the state, including correspondence from the Air Ministry; discussion of the Qatar boundary; note of a conversation between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and Haji Williamson (folios 147-148); the surrender to the British Government of jurisdiction over British subjects, British-protected persons, and non-Muslim foreigners in Qatar; the recognition of Shaikh Hamad as successor to the Shaikh of Qatar; British opposition to a request by the Shaikh of Qatar for machine guns and armoured cars, because of the provocative effect this would have on Ibn Saud (folios 33-35); agreement that the 1916 treaty between the British Government and the Shaikh of Qatar should be binding on his heirs and successors; and the terms on which military protection was to be afforded by the British Government (folios 12-14).The papers also include correspondence between the Shaikh of Qatar and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The papers include one item of an earlier date than the main date range: a copy of the 1916 treaty between the British Government and the Shaikh of Qatar (folios 451-452).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 501; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
12. Coll 30/119 'Qatar: Protest by Ibn Saud against the grant of the Qatar Oil Concession. Direct correspondence between the Sheikh of Qatar & Ibn Saud.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns a letter from Ibn Saud (also referred to as Bin Saud) [Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], King of Saudi Arabia, to Shaikh Abdullah bin Qasim ath-Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], Ruler of Qatar (also spelled Katr), concerning the Qatar oil concession and the Saudi-Qatar frontier. The letter demanded that the Ruler of Qatar should agree to fix the boundary between Qatar and Saudi Arabia; otherwise, Ibn Saud would be 'compelled to protest and to stop operations'. The suggestion of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (on folio 86) was that the means of preventing operations would be by fomenting tribal unrest. The papers discuss the British response to the letter, which resulted in a formal protest by His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert). The Foreign Office subsequently decided to close the matter until a settlement of the frontier question could take place.The papers include the text of Ibn Saud's letter or 'Mulhaq' (in Arabic, with English translation, folios 58-62); and correspondence from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Foreign Office, His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda, and the Government of India; and India Office minutes.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 95; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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