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13. 'Vol 44 Native letters outward'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains copies of letters outward from the two successive Residents in the Persian Gulf at Bushire; Colonel Ephraim Gerrish Stannus, from April 1826 to March 1827, and Captain (later Major) David Wilson, from March 1827 to January 1829. There are also letters written by the Acting Resident Lieutenant Samuel Hennell between June and October 1828, a period when Wilson was in Bombay visiting Sir John Malcolm.The letters are addressed to notable figures in the Gulf region, including the Prince of Shiraz, the Imam of Muscat, the Prince of Fars and Agents in Bushire, Bahrein [Bahrain], Shiraz, Mogoo [Bandar-e Moghūyeh], Sharga [Sharjah] and other areas of the Gulf. The majority of letters begin by enquiring after the health and wellbeing of the recipient, and many letters extend offers of friendship and offer assistance in negotiating and maintaining peace between two parties. Subjects include an incident between Arrathoon Malcolm and his nephew, the habitation of Derah by the Soceedan Tribe, periods of conflict between Shaikh Tanoon [Ṭaḥnūn bin Shakhbūṭ Āl Nahyān] ruler of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] and Sultan bin Sugger [Sulṭān bin Saqr] ruler of Sharjah, Stannus's resignation as Resident and events preceding it, the matter of the Dumookh Tribe, the debt of Ibrahim the Shroff, several acts of piracy and the attempts made by the Resident and his Agents to seek the perpetrators and the calls to capture and punish offenders, cossids [official messengers] and their work and pay, and Wilson's voyage to Bombay with events that occurred in his absence.Physical description: Foliation: This item has two different foliation sequences. The first is part of an original foliation sequence which was applied to the whole volume. It is written in ink and appears at the top right (recto) or top left (verso) corner of the folio. The second number is a small pencil number enclosed in a circle which also appears in the top right corner (recto) only and starts at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; this is the foliation number that has been used in referencing this item. The original foliation sequence starts at number 21, indicating that the first ten folios are missing.Condition: The item has suffered from insect damage and is difficult to read in places as parts of the text are missing. The front cover is badly damaged by insects and detached, and many pages in the volume are loose. There are large holes through the first 13 folios, and text is missing. There are smaller holes throughout the remainder of the text, although this does not impede the reading of it. A few pages towards the end suffer from bleedthrough, but not enough to obscure the text. The edges of the pages are fragile.
14. 'Confidential 86/7 - ix B.52. P.C.L. TRUCIAL COAST'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence in English and Arabic between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Hugh Weightman), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman, John Baron Howes), the Residency Agent at Sharjah (Khan Sahib Saiyid ‘Abd al-Razzaq), the India Office (John Charles Walton, John Percival Gibson, Roland Tennyson Peel), and Petroleum Concessions Limited (John Skliros, Frederick Lewisohn, Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, Basil Henry Lermitte, Ernest Vincent Packer) regarding negotiations for oil concessions with the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s.Petroleum Concessions Limited’s negotiations with Shaikh Sultan bin Salim [Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Ras al Khaimah [Ra’s al Khaymah] are discussed, in which an agreement was initially reached with the Shaikh, who requested to see the political agreement between His Majesty’s Government and Petroleum Concessions Limited prior to concluding a concession agreement with the Company. A copy of the political agreement can be found at folios 65-66. The negotiations ultimately concluded an exploration permit for the Shaikh’s territory; with an allowance within the permit to a subsequent agreement for drilling and exploitation should the results of the exploration be favourable.Also included is correspondence regarding the Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr [Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Sharjah’s refusal to undertake the previously agreed exchange of letters, including his attempt to reword one of the letters, and potential measures that could be used to compel him to complete the exchange prior to his eventual agreement and formal completion of the Sharjah Concession Agreement. A printed copy of the concession agreement, political agreement and letters exchanged can be found at folios 92-101.Further correspondence relates to the question of the political agreement and whether the agreement of the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s to such an agreement is necessary.The correspondence concludes that the agreement does not require the Shaikh’s approval however as Dubai and Sharjah had both previously agreed to the political agreement and the Regent of Kalba was happy to agree to it as part of the concession it was not necessary to take any action on the matter at that time. Also discussed is the requirement for HMG approval to the establishment of a bank as part of the agreement and whether this was necessary; and the movements of the Standard Oil Company of California and the likelihood that they were using their alleged interest in Trucial Coast Oil Concessions to improve their chances of obtaining a concession in the unallotted area in Bahrain.Other matters discussed in the volume include:attempts at re-opening negotiations with Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan [Shaikh Shakhbūt bin Sulṭān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān], Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and the Shaikh’s insistence in writing that he was not bound by His Majesty’s Government approval and was free to negotiate with whomever he wished;a conversation between the India Office and Hamilton Ballantyne of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) regarding representatives of the Shaikh of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah) having alluded to the Shaikh’s desire to grant a concession for the remaining unallotted area of his territory to BAPCO but fearing that he would lose control of the Hawar Islands if he did so;Petroleum Concessions Limited’s interest in a negotiating concession for the territory of Kalba [Kalbā] with Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad bin Sultan [Shaikh Khālid bin Aḥmad bin Sulṭān Āl Qasimī], Regent to Shaikh Hamad bin Said [Shaikh Ḥamad bin Sa‘īd Āl Qasimī] who was a minor. The correspondence discusses the actual extent of Kalba territory; Shaikh Khalid’s desire to create a combined Qawasim [Qawāsim] Shaikhdom with himself as ruler and his close relations with the Bani Chittab [Beni Qitab] tribe; and the concession agreement that was reached between the two parties;printed summary issued by the Petroleum Department of His Majesty’s Government detailing petroleum developments in the Arabian Peninsula in relation to Petroleum Concessions Limited (folios 103-105, 127-129).A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 196-203.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-195 with a gap between f 40 and f 91; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
15. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/7-II B-35 OIL TRUCIAL COAST & OMAN'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle); the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch), the India Office (John Charles Walton); the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (L Lefroy, Edward Henry Ommaney Elkington, Hajji ‘Abdullah Williamson) and Petroleum Concessions Limited (John Skliros) on the subject of possible concessions with the Trucial Coast Shaikhs and the formation of a new company, Petroleum Concessions Limited to undertake negotiations for these concessions.Matters discussed include:correspondence from Hajji ‘Abdullah Williamson, negotiator for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) discussing what he had learned of the extent and boundaries of Abu Dhabi territory; his negotiations with the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi and his eventual success in securing a two year option, including a copy of the agreement signed between Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan (Shaikh Shakhbūt bin Sulṭān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān), Ruler of Abu Dhabi and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Also included in the correspondence is information on the different tribes and tribal groups within Abu Dhabi; the availability of water, livestock and food supplies; and transport options within the country;the decision by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company to form a new subsidiary company, Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) to take on the options obtained from Trucial Coast Shaikhs and exploit potential concessions should oil be found. The correspondence is primarily between Sir John Skliros, Chairman of Petroleum Concessions Limited, Langlois Massy Lefroy and Edward Henry Ommaney Elkington of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, and representatives of the India Office discussing the establishment of PCL and their interest in negotiating an extension of their options to five years and including draft concessions in those extensions. Enclosed within the volume are PCL’s proposed draft concession agreements for Ras-al-Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah], Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Kuwait Neutral Zone and Bahrain; the two year option agreement signed with Shaikh Rashid bin Homaid [Rāshid Bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī], Ruler of Ajman ; and interest in an option in Umm-ul-Quwain [Umm al Qaywayn];correspondence from Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat expressing a desire to have a mineralogical survey undertaken within his territories, as although the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) had surveyed the area in the past he wished to have a second opinion to settle the question of whether or not there might be oil;attempts by Major Frank Holmes to form a British Company to pursue possible Oil Concessions on the Trucial Coast, which failed, and his subsequent appointment by Petroleum Concessions Limited to act as their negotiator in the Persian Gulf;the question of whether an option for Kalba [Kalbā] would be of interest and discussing its complicated political status involving the Shaikh’s of Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah;discussion over the wording of the option agreement between the Shaikh of Ras-al-Khaimah and AIOC and whether it covers the island of Tamb (also given as Tanb) [Greater Tumb].Correspondence with the various Trucial Coast Shaikhs is in Arabic, with translations in English, and the letter-head for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company is in Persian and English.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 200-204.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-199; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
16. 'Confidential 86/7-VIII B-45 P.C.L. TRUCIAL COAST'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Olaf Kirkpatrick Caroe), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Tom Hickinbotham, Hugh Weightman), the Residency Agent at Sharjah (Khan Sahib Saiyid ‘Abd al-Razzaq), the Secretary of State for India and Burma (Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland), India Office (John Charles Walton, Alexander Colin Symon, John Percival Gibson) and Petroleum Concessions Limited (Frederick Lewisohn, Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, Frank Holmes, Basil Henry Lermitte, Ernest Vincent Packer) regarding negotiations for oil concessions on the Trucial Coast.The correspondence focuses on the negotiations between Shaikh Sultan bin Salim [Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah] and Basil Henry Lermitte of Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) and the progress made in attempting to reach an acceptable agreement for both parties.Also included in the volume are details of the situation with the Shaikh Ahmad bin Rashid [Aḥmad bin rāshid Āl Mu'alla] of Umm al Qaiwain [Umm al Qaywayn] who wishes to await the conclusion of the Ras al Khaimah negotiations before agreeing to a concession with PCL; Shaikh Rashid bin Humaid [Rāshid Bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī], Ruler of Ajman who wishes to await the expiry of his existing option with PCL before commencing negotiations; and Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan bin Zaid [Shaikh Shakhbūt bin Sulṭān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān], Ruler of Abu Dhabi, with whom it is concluded that negotiations should be put on hold until the Shaikh’s uncle and chief adviser Khalifa bin Zaid [Khalīfah bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān] had returned from Braimi [Al Buraymī].Further discussions refer to Qatar, where PCL intended concluding their geological explorations and to commence their drilling programme; and Muscat and Dhofar where they hoped to make use of an RAF plane in order to reach more remote areas for geological survey.Also included in the volume is confirmation of the acceptance by Shaikh Sultan bin Saqar [Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Sharjah of the political agreement and exchange of notes required by His Majesty’s Government in order approve the concession agreement made with Petroleum Concessions Limited; and the signing of the oil concession agreement in Sharjah on 13 September 1937. Later correspondence discusses some typing errors identified in the text of the concession agreement and the need for the political agreement to be the same as Debai’s [Dubai] and not the amended version recently approved by the India Office. Copies of the signed concession can be found at folios 6-85 and 157-175, and a copy of the political agreement and letters to be exchanged at folios 179-186.Other matters discussed in the volume include:formal confirmation by His Majesty’s Government of their approval of the grant of a concession by Petroleum Concessions Limited to the Shaikh of Debai and the acceptance by both parties of this approval. Also includes a printed copy of the Dubai Concession, political agreement and letters exchanged (ff 195-204);a letter from the Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi in response to the ultimatum issued to him by His Majesty’s Government preventing him from negotiating with any oil company not approved by them; and stating that he would negotiate with Petroleum Concessions Limited if approached by them but was otherwise free to negotiate with whomever he wished;request by Petroleum Concessions Limited to employ a French citizen, René Pomeyrol, as part of the geological team exploring Qatar and the Trucial Coast as no suitably qualified English geologists were available at that time; and to employ A Abdul Aziz Helmy as an interpreter on the Trucial Coast;letters sent by Haji ‘Abdullah Williamson to the Shaikhs of Ras al Khaimah and Abu Dhabi in which he proposes returning to the Trucial Coast and continuing negotiations with them, despite not being permitted to travel there or having the permission of Petroleum Concessions Limited to do so.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 202-215.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-203; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The additional sequence is located in the same position as the main foliation, though some numbers are instead located on the verso. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superceded and therefore crossed out.
17. ‘Persian Gulf Affairs of the – Vol: 8’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Moollah Houssein [Mullā Ḥusayn], British Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]. It is the eighth in a series of twenty items on the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2180/106055, IOR/F/4/2180/106056, IOR/F/4/2180/106057, IOR/F/4/2180/106058, IOR/F/4/2180/106059, IOR/F/4/2180/106060, IOR/F/4/2181/106061, IOR/F/4/2181/106063, IOR/F/4/2181/106064, IOR/F/4/2181/106065, IOR/F/4/2181/106066, IOR/F/4/2181/106067, IOR/F/4/2181/106068, IOR/F/4/2181/106069, IOR/F/4/2181/106070, IOR/F/4/2181/106071, IOR/F/4/2181/106072, IOR/F/4/2181/106073, and IOR/F/4/2181/106074).The item concerns:The alliance of Sheik Saeed ben Tahnoon, Chief of Aboothabee [Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Ṭaḥnūn Āl Nahyān, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi], and Sheik Sultan ben Suggur, Chief of Rasul Khyma [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī, Shaikh of Ra's al-Khaymah], and their proposed attack on Debaye [Dubai]A refund paid to the Shaik of Kishm [Sheikh ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Saghar Al Mu‘ini, Shaikh of Qeshm] for money he paid into the Bushire Residency on account of theft from a shipwreck in 1838Departure of Samad Aga [Ṣamad Āghā] from Bushire, after his attempts to obtain justice for the mistreatment of Yoosoof bin Suggur [Yūsuf bin Ṣaqr]A proposed alliance between Sheik Mahomed ben Khuleefa, Chief of Bahrein, [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah, Shaikh of Bahrain] and Sheik Mukhtoom of Debaye [Shaikh Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāseh, Shaikh of Dubai].The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 282/47, P.C. [Previous Communication] 5573, Coll[ection]: 10, Collection No 1 of No 11’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 12, and terminates at f 34, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
18. 'File 4/22 II Remittances to Abu Dhabi via Sharjah on behalf of Bushire Residency.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains records of monthly payments of 400 rupees from the Political Agency, Bahrain, via the Residency Agent, Sharjah, to Shaikh Shakbut bin Sultan [Shakhbūṭ bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān], Ruler of Abu Dhabi, on account of air facilities at Sir Bani Yas [Şīr Banī Yās] Island and at Abu Dhabi, for the period 13 November 1944 to 13 March 1948. The original receipts for the payments were to be sent to the Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The papers consist of covering letters for the payments from the Political Agent, Bahrain to the Residency Agent, Sharjah (Jasim bin Muhammad) or the Political Officer, Trucial Coast (POTC), Sharjah; letters from the Residency Agent, Sharjah (in Arabic, with English translations) or Political Officer, Trucial Coast confirming that payment had been made by the Residency Agent to Jafar Ali Mohammad Karim at Sharjah on behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi; and copies of receipts in Arabic (with English translations) from Jafar Ali Mohammad.The date range gives the covering dates of the main items of correspondence. The last dated addition to the file is a Political Agency, Bahrain receipt stamp dated 31 March 1948 (folio 157).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 165; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 1-164; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
19. 'File 5/193 IV (B 55) Slavery in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains confidential correspondence relating to slavery and the slave trade. The first portion of the volume consists of correspondence exchanged between the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Fowle), the Political Agent Bahrain (Hugh Weightman), the Senior Naval Officer for the Persian Gulf (Captain Faulkner), other naval representatives, and staff at the India Office in London. The correspondence focusses on an assessment of the best way of punishing the Shaikhdom of Abu Dhabi for its alleged continued involvement in the slave trade. Initial proposals involved scuppering the town's pearling fleet, and the implications of such an action are explored in great detail. Faulkner accepted that the success of this action depended on 'too many uncertain factors' (folios 65-69). Military bombardment of the Shaikh's fort was also given serious consideration, and was, according to Fowle, 'the only measure which can [logistically] be put into effect this year [1938].' (ff.70-73)From folio 125 the emphasis of the correspondence shifts to the subject of an alleged slave market located at Buraimi [Al Buraymī], 100 kilometres east of Abu Dhabi, in the interior of the Trucial Coast region. Reports on the slave trade were made by Captain Howes, who was reporting after an exploratory visit to the area on behalf of Petroleum Concessions Limited [PCL]. Weightman and Fowle discussed the nature and extent of the slave trade from Buraimi, and its links to Abu Dhabi (folios 136-39), Buraimi being understood to be under the jurisdiction of the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi. By early 1939 the Shaikh's negotiations with PCL over oil concessions had warmed to the point that the Shaikh had signed a concession for oil exploration. In response, Fowle wrote to the India Office in London, suggesting that there was now 'much to be said for keeping him [the Shaikh] on good terms with us.' (folio 155) The British Government shifted its position in relation to the slave trade in Abu Dhabi, considering the practice to have eased off, so that 'good office' could now be resumed with the Shaikh (draft letter folios 157-58, final copy folios 234-35).From folio 168 the emphasis of the correspondence shifts to the suspected trade of slaves, and in particular young girls, from British Baluchistan and Iranian Makran, via the Batinah Coast, to Saudi Arabia. The concern was raised in correspondence between Viscount Halifax and the British Legation at Jeddah in March 1939. The interior area of the Trucial Coast around Buraimi was once again mentioned as a suspected trading point. The Political Agent Muscat (Captain Tom Hickinbotham) wrote to Fowle in June 1939 over the issue, asserting that slaves were being traded by Baluchis from the Iranian Makran coast and not the British Baluchistan coast, to the Batinah Coast at Muscat (folios 207-12). The Sultan of Muscat responded to questions from the Political Resident, saying that he would like to deport those Iranian Baluchis who have resided in recent years from Makran (folios 213-223), but the British response, wary of the political ramifications arising with Iran, were not keen on this proposal (folios 248-49).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 269; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. The sequence includes three foliation anomalies: ff 1a, 154a and 180a.
20. 'File 14/6 EXPLOITATION IN MUSCAT TERRITORY BY GEOLOGISTS'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence on two matters in 1937 and 1940 respectively:Correspondence (includes copy of original letter in Arabic, folio 3) in 1937 concerns a complaint from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman about the arrival in Buraimi of a relative (Sultan bin Zaid) of the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi with representatives of an oil company to undertake oil reconnaissance.Correspondence in 1940 discusses proposed visits to Gulf by officers of Geological Survey of India.This correspondents are the Political Resident in the Gulf (William Rupert Hay); the Political Agent, Muscat; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 10; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
21. 'CONFIDENTIAL VOL. B.58. 86/7-X P.C.L. TRUCIAL COAST'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman, Reginald George Alban), the India Office (John Percival Gibson, Roland Tennyson Peel), the Foreign Office (Lacy Baggallay, Harry Maurice Eyres), the Petroleum Department (Frederick Charles Starling), Admiralty (Clifford George Jarrett) and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited (Ernest Vincent Packer, Basil Henry Lermitte, John Skliros, H H Wheatley) regarding progress with oil concessions on the Trucial Coast.Discussion centres primarily on concession agreements for Abu Dhabi and Kalba [Kalbā] which had been obtained by Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) in 1938/1939, and the omitted clauses and rewording of the concession agreement which had been undertaken in an attempt to simplify the process. Also discussed are the political agreements between the company and His Majesty’s Government for each concession which would no longer require approval by the ruler of the state and discussing amended clauses to incorporate this decision.In relation to the Kalba concession matters discussed included ensuring sufficient safeguards and guarantees were in place to protect Shaikh Hamad bin Sa’id [Ḥamad bin Sa‘īd Āl Qasimī], who was a minor, and his state whilst it was under the rulership of Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad bin Sultan [Khalid bin Aḥmad bin Sulṭān Āl Qasimī] as Regent. A copy of the Abu Dhabi Concession agreement can be found at folios 134-140 and Political agreement at folios 160-16; copies of the Kalba political agreement can be found at folios 64-69 and 164-165.Other matters discussed in the volume include:a five year exploration permit granted by the Shaikh of Ajman (Shaikh Rāshid Bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī) to Petroleum Concessions Limited, a copy of which can be found at folios 51-52;copies of lettersin Arabic and English from Ernest Vincent Packer, PCL to the Political Agent at Bahrain, the Sultan of Muscat, the Shaikh of Sharjah, the Shaikh of Dubai and the Regent at Kalba regarding the lack of an annual report for 1940 as owing to war conditions no work had been undertaken;the appointment of F A Ball as Chief Local Representative for Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited and the decision to retain Ernest Vincent Packer as General Manager at Bahrain and appoint Basil Henry Lermitte as Chief Local Representative for Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited;a report by the Master of the Steamship Barpetaof an oil seepage 15 miles North-East of Halul Island [Ḩālūl] and subsequent investigation into the site where oil was welling up from a submarine gushe;.the decision by Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited in 1941 to exercise its right to a one year extension on their exploration permit and to re-open negotiations with the Shaikh of Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah] (Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī) in the hope of acquiring an extension to cover up to a year following the end of the war.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 192-198.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-191; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
22. Book No: 53 Letters Outward
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence in this volume consists of letters from the Resident at Bushire (Lieutenant-Colonel Ephraim Gerrish Stannus; Captain David Wilson) and the Assistant Resident at Bushire (Samuel Hennell) mainly to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay (William Newnham); The Accountant General at Bombay (John Wedderburn); The Shaikh of Bushire (Shaikh Nassir [Nasir]); the Envoy to the Court of Persia (John Macdonald); and the Senior Marine Officer in the Gulf of Persia (Captain Walker).The main subject of the correspondence concerns relations between the Residency and authorities in Bushire following threats made by Shaikh Hossein [Shaikh Ḥusayn] to attack the Residency; the decision by the Resident, Lieutenant-Colonel Ephraim Gerrish Stannus, to withdraw from Bushire for a time; and the Residency's re-establishment in Bushire in late March 1827, under the command of the new Resident, Captain David Wilson, following the Prince Governor of Fars (Ḥusayn Ali Mirza) decision to agree to the removal of Shaikh Hossein [Shaikh Ḥusayn] in order to resolve the situation.Interspersed throughout the volume are financial accounts for the Residency, relating particularly to payments for the return of soldiers to India, disbursements for the British Mission in Tehran and accounts of expenditure accrued by the Resident whilst on tour or in camp.other items of interest within the volume include:A Letter from Stannus to the Secretary to Government at Bombay observing that the recent offensive against the Residency had highlighted the helpless state of the location of the Residency, particularly as it was within 200 yards of the Towns towers, and 2 miles from the nearest fresh water (ff 20-21).The movements of the vessels in the Persian Gulf Squadron around the Gulf, including ensuring the availability of a British vessel to patrol the pearl banks during fishing season and for the Resident's annual tour.The seizure by the Imam of Muscat of the former Shaikh of Bushire Abdool Russool, and his eventual releaseRelations between Tannoon [Tahnun bin Shakbut[, Shaik of Aboothabee [Shaikh of Abu Dhabi] and Sultan ben Suggar [Sultan bin Saqr], Shaikh of Sharga [Shaikh of Sharjah] including their attacks on each others towns, and their ongoing attempts at peace, as well as their understanding of Sir William Keir Grant's Treaty with the Arab Tribes, January 1820 and how it affects such actions.The seizure by Persian authorities of a number of Jews in Bushire, including the Residency Shroff (banker) and attempts to take them to Shiraz (f 98v).A letter from the Arch-Bishop of Persian and Indian Armenians in Julfa requesting the appointment of Menatsaken Ter Stephens, a vaccinator of Cow Pox in Baghdad, and formerly from Julfa to undertake vaccination work in Isfahan, July 1827 [f. 103]Correspondence with the Imam of Muscat (Sa‘id bin Sulṭān) regarding the Sultan's attempts to claim Mombassa and the island of Seuee [Siyu] and his attempts to prevent French vessels from acquiring slaves along the East African coastline [ff 105v-108].Correspondence with Captain Robert Taylor, Political Agent at Bussorah [Basra] regarding the Imam of Muscat's intentions of aiding the Chaub's [Bani Ka'b] in attacking Bussorah, and his having amassed a fleet at Muscat for that intention [ff 122v-127].The last letter, on folio 128 is incomplete.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence, which should be used for referencing, is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the last folio of writing, on number 128. Foliation errors: f.70 is followed by f.70A. Pagination: There is a pagination sequence, which is written in ink in the top right corners of the rectos and in the top left corners of the versos.Condition: There are signs of insect damage throughout the volume, which have left small holes on most of the folios. None of the damage obscures the contents of the correspondence.
23. Book 88: Letters Outwards
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of letters sent outwards from the British Residency in the Persian Gulf; most of the letters have been penned by Samuel Hennell (Assistant Resident), followed by James Morrison (newly appointed Resident), and Thomas Mackenzie (Civil Surgeon). This correspondence is predominantly addressed to the following: Charles Norris, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay (Political Department); Thomas Elwon, Commodore of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf; and William Hay Macnaghten, Chief Secretary to the Government of India, at Fort William, Calcutta (Political Department).Some subjects briefly discussed include the replacement of the Governor of Bushire, Mirza Ally Khan [Mīrzā ‘Alī Khān], with Shaikh Nasir [Shaykh Nāṣir], which was achieved with the assistance of the Chief of Koweit [Kuwait]. The file also covers the increasing popularity of Humood ben Azan, Chief of Sohar [Ṣuḥār], and the corresponding decline in the authority of Muscat; the Chief of Sohar had formerly been a subject of the Imam of Muscat, Sa‘īd bin Sultān Āl Sa‘īd. The Imam called in the 'Maritime Arabs' to provide assistance with dealing with the Chief of Sohar, and the correspondence therefore discusses the Assistant Resident's fears that this could lead to an outbreak of general piracy and lawlessness.Another political matter that gets some attention is a contest over Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] between Fasil ben Turki [Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Āl Sa‘ūd], Wahabee [Wahhabi] Chief, and Shaikh Abdoola bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], Chief of Bharein [Bahrain]. The defeat and capture of ‘Alī Mirzā, Prince of Shiraz, by the troops of Mahomed Shah [Muḥammad Shāh Qājār] is also briefly mentioned.The topic that gets the most attention is an 'outbreak of piracy' instigated by the Beniyas [Bani Yas] tribe under their Chief, Shaikh Khuleefa ben Shackboot [Khalīfah bin Shakhbūṭ] of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and their subsequent suppression via British naval power. It therefore covers the process of establishing restitution payments for the Beniyas's 'acts of piracy', and subsequent measures taken by the British to enforce the Chief's compliance.Some letters in the file attempt to draw the attention of the Government of Bombay to the poor state of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf; the Resident considers the resources available to be inadequate for the duties required of the force. It therefore contains the Resident's recommendations to the Government concerning the number and types of ships that should be stationed in the Gulf.The file contains the following notable enclosures:Memorandum of the property and cash plundered by the subjects of Shaikh Khuleefa ben Shackboot of Aboothabee, the restitution of which is required by that Chief, dated 14 January 1835 (see f 5).List of the vessels plundered by the Joasmee [Qāsimī] and Beniyas tribes when cruising against Sohar on the coast of Batinah [Al-Bāṭinah] as allies of the Imam of Muscat, dated 27 February 1835 (see f 19v).List of demands to be made on the Chief of Aboothabee in compensation for the 'outrages' committed by the Beniyas on the 'peaceable Arabs' of the Persian Gulf, dated 27 April 1835 (see f 39v).General statement of the vessels 'detained or piratically' seized by the Beniyas tribe and subsequently recovered by the Persian Gulf Squadron, dated 21 May 1835 (see f 48).Translation of a truce agreed by the Arabian Chiefs for a period of six months, dated 21 May 1835 (see ff 51v-52).Statement of the cash and property received from the Beniyas together with detail of disbursements, dated 5 July 1835 (see ff 55v-56).Sketch of naval means estimated as required for the efficient discharge of the duties of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, dated 16 December 1835 (see ff 85v-86).The content has undergone a degree of weeding as indicated by the gaps in the original pagination, and some content is therefore missing as a result. In addition, some letters are only present as fragments (i.e. only the beginning, or the end of certain letters can be found within).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the cover and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains the following foliation corrections; 1, and 1A.Pagination: An original pagination sequence is also present in the file; this sequence is written in ink, and the numbers are located in the top outermost corner of each page. There are gaps in the pagination indicating that the file has undergone a degree of weeding.
24. Vol 33 Miscellaneous letters inward and outward
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters relating mainly to British naval patrols in the Persian Gulf, acts of piracy and hostilities between rival native chiefs as follows: two letters from the Chief Secretary, Political Department, Bombay Castle to the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire about a rumoured Persian attack on Bahrain planned by Hossain Ali Mirza, Prince of Sherauz [Shīrāz] (ff 1B-2v) and an attack on Dubai boats by the Chief of Abothebee [Abu Dhabi], Mahomed Been Shakboot, [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Shakhbut Āl Nahyān] (ff 9-14v); two letters of instruction from Captain Charles Sealy, Senior Marine Officer in the Persian Gulf to Captain George Walker, commanding the Honourable Company (HC) cruizer Ternate(f 5-5v) and Lieutenant George Herne, commanding the Honourable Company (HC) cruizer Nautilus(f 6-6v) regarding their sea patrol of the Pearl Banks between Shaga [Sharjah] and Bahrein [Bahrain] and the planned interception of two pirate boats returning from Zanzibar, together with a letter of reply from Lieutenant George Herne reporting the outcome (f 15-15v); a general letter of instruction from Captain Charles Sealy to all marine officers aboard HC cruizers stationed in the Persian Gulf, listing their sea patrol duties (ff 7-8v); a letter of enquiry from Henry Willock, the British envoy to Persia, to the British Political Resident at Bushire, about British and Indian exports shipped to Persian Gulf ports (ff 3-4v).The volume title ‘Bushire Residency Book No 33 Miscellaneous letters inward and outward 5 Jan 1824-25 May 1824’ is typewritten and appears on a modern title page that has been inserted at the front of the volume (folio 1A).Physical description: Foliation: the letters in the volume are numbered 1B, then 2 to 15, from front to back. A modern, typewritten tile page has been inserted in the front of the volume and is numbered 1A. The numbering is written in pencil in the top right corner, on the recto of every folio.The 7 letters in the volume were originally numbered in ink and in most cases, on both the recto and verso as follows: 71-73; 90-92, 204-206, 207, 219-228, 242.
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