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1. ‘19/10 VISITS OF FOREIGN NOTABILITIES TO BAHRAIN’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence and papers relating to visits to the Persian Gulf by foreign dignitaries. Correspondents in the file include the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Political Agents at Bahrain and Kuwait.The file includes:correspondence relating to the visit to Bahrain in December 1937 of Amir Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd from Saudi Arabia, including: discussion amongst British Government officials who take a positive view of the proposed visit; a letter from the Political Agent in Bahrain (Captain Tom Hickinbotham) to the Ruler of Bahrain (Sheikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah), dated 7 October 1937, insisting that he be present during any political discussions (ff 24-25); reports in late December 1937 of the visit, written by the Political Agent Hugh Weightman (ff 43-48) and an unknown author (ff 50-53). Both reports include details of: the visiting dignitaries, receptions and dinners; the large quantities of gold sovereigns brought up by the Saudi party in the Bahrain bazaars, to be used to purchase Maria Theresa dollars in Saudi Arabia; rumours amongst the Bahrain bazaars of the purposes of the trip;correspondence relating to the Sheikh of Kuwait’s (Sheikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ) proposed visit to Bahrain, his intention being to meet the Ruler of Bahrain, Sheikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, and offer mediation over the Bahrain-Qatar (Zubarah) dispute (ff 26-30);a proposed trip in 1936 by the Iraqi statesman Nuri Pasha to Bombay, stopping off at Kuwait, Bahrain and Muscat, and the consequent postponement of this trip due to unforeseen circumstances (ff 2-10). Correspondence relating to Nuri Pasha’s later trip to Riyadh via Bahrain in April 1940 is also included in the file (ff 57-63);the return of the Egyptian Chargé d'Affaires, Abdul Hamid Munir, to Egypt from Riyadh via Bahrain in 1944 (ff 72-76);wartime and post-war various visits by United States dignitaries and legations, including: a US legation at Bahrain in 1942 (ff 65-66); Colonel Hoskins, Personal Envoy to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1943 (68, 70-71); and US senators in 1943 and 1944-45 (ff 69 77-79);Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-81; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
2. '27/1 SALUTES AND EXCHANGES OF CALLS BETWEEN H.M.'s SERVICES AND ARAB RULERS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence in this file discusses the etiquette of gun salutes and exchange of calls in the Gulf. Topics include:the raising of the number of gun salutes for the Ruler of Kuwait and the Ruler of Bahrain from seven guns to eleven guns;a letter in Arabic (with English translation) from Shaikh Hamad bin Isa al Khalifah [Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], Ruler of Bahrain, to Percy Gordon Loch, Political Agent, Bahrain, expressing thanks to King George V for the granting of a seven guns as a personal salute;the programme and protocol for the visit of the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station, to Bahrain and Sharjah.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-243; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
3. 'D.178 86/13-III KUWAIT NEUTRAL ZONE'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (William Rupert Hay); the Political Agent at Kuwait (Gordon Noel Jackson, Maurice O’Connor Tandy); the India Office (later the Commonwealth Relations Office, Eion Pelly Donaldson, Adrian Harbottle Reed, Ralph Ingham Hallows); the Foreign Office (Lancelot Frank Lee Pyman); the Ministry of Fuel and Power (William Dunmore Monsell-Davies); His Majesty’s Minister at Jedda (Alan Charles Trott); the Shaikh of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ) and various oil companies in relation to the auction process instituted by the Shaikh of Kuwait for his share in the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone oil concession.The companies which expressed an interest in bidding for the Kuwait neutral zone concession included Petroleum Concessions Limited, the Burmah Oil Company, the Eastern Gulf Company, the Amerada Petroleum Company, the American Independent Petroleum Corporation, the Superior Oil Company of California and the Canadian Eagle Oil Company. However owing to the Shaikh's requirement that financial backing and resources to undertake exploitation of an oil concession are proven by each potential bidder only four companies were permitted to continue and submit final bids on 1 June 1948 – Petroleum Concessions Limited, the Burmah Oil Company, the Eastern Gulf Company and the American Independent Petroleum Corporation.Other matters discussed in the file include:the question of the political agreement between His Majesty’s Government and successful Oil Company and discussing whether such an agreement could be made with an American Company and also what changes and special requirements would have to be made owing to the concession only being for the Shaikh of Kuwait’s share of the neutral zone.a visit paid by the Shaikh of Kuwait to Ibn Saud (‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd)and the question of whether or not the neutral zone was discussed by them.debate around the possibility of a geographic division of the neutral zone in order to make administration of the zone easier, and the conclusion that negotiations for such a division could take years and would not perhaps be in the best interests of the Oil Companies exploiting an oil concession there.a hydrographic survey of the coast-line of the neutral zone to locate a suitable landing site for heavy equipment.a new air service instituted by Iraq Airways in 1947 that would fly from Basra to Kuwait and Bahrain.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 272-299.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 302; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-99 and ff 113-300; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
4. ‘I/1 First Appointment of a Pol: Agent to Koweit, (Capt S. G. Knox).’
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of correspondence sent and letter received by the Political Agent at Kuwait (Captain Stuart George Knox):a letter from Knox describing his arrival in Kuwait, the Ruler of Kuwait’s [Shaikh Mubarak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] response to his arrival, accommodation and food offered by the Shaikh, and Knox’s plans to build a house for himself (ff 6-9);a reduction in allowance for Knox, imposed by the Government of India, and Knox’s objection to the reduction (ff 11-15);correspondence relating to the granting of privilege leave, and additional leave on medical grounds, to Knox (ff 16-19);correspondence concerning Knox’s early recall to Kuwait by the Foreign Office, before the completion of his leave entitlement, made in response to Shaikh Mubarak’s establishment of a post on Bubiyan [Jazīrat Būbiyān] (ff 20-27);further correspondence relating to pay and allowances for the Political Agent at Kuwait (ff 28-30).An office note at the front of the file (f 3) states that further papers leading up to the appointment of a Political Agent at Kuwait can be found in early correspondence in the Kuwait Political Agency files X/I (IOR/R/15/5/24) and XXII/I (IOR/R/15/5/59).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 33; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 2-32; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
5. 'XXII/17 Boundary between Koweit & Katif Territory'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the demarcation of the boundary between Koweit [Kuwait] and Qatif region [Al-Qaṭīf] in the period 1905-1914. Places discussed include: Ras Mishab [Mishʻāb, Ra's al-], Musallamiya [Musallamiya Island], Odeid, Wahran, Hafar [Hafar Al Batin], and Umm Kasr [Umm Qaṣr].The discussion in the volume relates to the places which could demarcate the boundary and the allegiance and authority which the Ruler of Kuwait held in these places. Also included (folio 33) in the volume is a copy of the 'Draft Agreement Between the British Government and Shaikh Abdullah bin Thani, Shaikh of Qatar.'The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Political Agent at Kuwait, Stuart George Knox; the Political Agent at Bahrain, Francis Beville Prideaux; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Percy Zachariah Cox; the Secretary of India in the Foreign Department, Simla, Sir Hugh McMahon.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 38; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 3-8 and ff 2-37; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
6. 'XXII/19 Bubyan and Warba Islands.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to ownership of Bubiyan Island [Jazīrat Būbiyān] and Warba Island [Jazīrat Warbah]. The discussion in the volume relates to:a military post on Bubiyan Island;proposal to include right of pre-emption of Warba in 1907 Agreement;evidence of Kuwaiti ownership of Warba and Bubiyan. The evidence was acquired by conducting a survey (ff 26-45) with various questions.Principal correspondents include: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Percy Zachariah Cox; the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department; First Assistant Resident, Bushire; the Secretary of State for India; the Viceroy, Simla; the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 46; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 16-28; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 4-436 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Pagination: the volume also contains a hand written pagination sequence.
7. 'Agreement for the exploitation of sulphur in Kuwait [between] His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and Eastern Gulf Oil Company Limited'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is concerned with an agreement between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and the Eastern Gulf Oil Company Limited, which relates to the exploitation of sulphur in Kuwait agreed between the Shaik of Kuwait and the Eastern Gulf Oil Company Limited. This agreement outlines the terms and conditions, laid down by the British Government, regulating the operation of the company in Kuwait. The document includes a 'pre-emption' clause which is relevant in the event of a state of national emergency or war.The agreement is signed by Roland Tennyson Peel (Assistant Secretary, India Office) on behalf of the British Government, and witnessed by H S Painter from the India Office.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 2; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
8. 'Persian Gulf. Bahrein affairs.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2174/105546. It is the twenty-fourth in a series of forty-five items on the Persian Gulf.The item contains a letter from the Government of India to the Government of Bombay acknowledging receipt of a despatch reporting the actions of the Resident in the Persian Gulf in response to the reception afforded by the Shiek of Koweit [Shaikh Jābir I bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Ṣabāḥ of Kuwait] to the Ex-Chief of Bahrein [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah, former Ruler of Bahrain].The item contains a table of contents (f 489), and the title page (f 488) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 5507, Coll. 7, Vol. 24’, ‘D/t 197/47’, ‘Collection No. 12 of No. 53’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 488 and terminates at f 490, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
9. ‘Persian Gulf. Overtures made by the Chief of Koweit to the Ruler of Bahrein for a reconciliation with his Grand Uncle, the Ex-Chief of that Island. Vol: 25’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are the Government of Bombay and Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the twenty-fifth in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.This item concerns the mediation by Shaik Soobah of Koweit [Shaikh Sabāh II bin Jābir I Āl Sabāh of Kuwait] between Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], the current ruler of Bahrein [Bahrain] and his great-uncle Shaik Abdoollah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], the ex-ruler of Bahrein. Shaik Mahomed rejects the offer of reconciliation but offers to provide for Shaik Abdoollah on condition that he stay in Koweit.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 4 of No 169’, ‘Coll[ection]: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 533, and terminates at f 536, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
10. 'Relations between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and the Sheikh of Koweit'
- Description:
- Abstract: This secret memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office, contains a record of a meeting held at the Foreign Office on 5 October 1933 to discuss relations between Great Britain and the Sheikh of Koweit [Kuwait], Aḥmad bin Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, particularly in regards to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Āl Sa‘ūd]. The following were present at the meeting: Mr George William Rendel (Chair), Eastern Department of the Foreign Office; Mr K R Johnston, Foreign Office; Sir Andrew Ryan, His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Mr John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office.The memorandum also includes three appendices:'Appendix A. Note by Sir Andrew Ryan. Ibn Saud's attitude towards Kowait', dated 16 August 1933 (folios 3v-4r);'Appendix B. Provisional Note. Obligations of His Majesty's Government towards the Sheikh of Koweit', 11 October 1933, by Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite (folios 4-6), which includes sections entitled 'A. Nature of the undertakings given', 'B. Constitution of the undertakings given to the Sheikh', and 'Conclusion', with references to various correspondence in the right hand margin;'Appendix C. Supplementary Note. Question of Liability for the Protection of Koweit against Aggression from Outside. 1928-1929', by Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite, dated 6 February, 1934 (folio 6).There are also a number of enclosures which include correspondence between folios 6 and 10.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
11. 'Koweit'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum, written by Colin George Campbell, 31 December 1900, about Koweit [Kuwait], including a brief historical introduction and detailed information for the years 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, and 1900. Topics discussed include Mubarak al-Sabah [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] having murdered his father (Muḥammad I Al Ṣabāḥ) and claimed his position as Shaikh of Kuwait; the involvement of Kuwaiti subjects in piratical acts; a request by the Shaikh in 1897 for Koweit to be placed under British protection in a similar manner to Bahrein [Bahrain]; Turkish claims to Koweit; the decision in 1899 to obtain an agreement with the Shaikh of Kuwait not to 'cede, lease, mortgage or otherwise alienate or give for occupation any portion of his territories to the Government or subjects of any other Power without previously obtaining the consent of Her Majesty's Government'; Russian interest in Koweit and Turkish movements in relation to it in1899, including attempts to appoint Turkish citizens to posts there; German interest in establishing a railway link to Bagdad [Baghdad] which would include Busrah [Basra] and Koweit; Shaikh Mubarak's relations with Sheikh Abdur Rahman bin Faisal [ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Fayṣal Āl Saʻūd] and Koweiti involvement in the affairs of Nejd [Najd]; and the strengthening of Shaikh Mubarak's position with Turkey and the Porte since the appointment of Mohsin Pasha as Vali at Busreh.The margins of the memorandum contain cross-references to official correspondence with the Government of India and Foreign Office.An appendix to the memorandum, on folio 6, contains:Translation of Arabic bond, signed by Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Mubarak Al-Sabah, Shaikh of Kuwait, 23 January 1899Translation of Arabic letter, 23 January 1899, from Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Sheikh Mubarak-bin-Sabah, Sheikh of Kuwait regarding the signing of the agreement as given in the Arabic bond.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence consists of pencil numbers, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence begins on the first folio, with number 1, and ends on the last folio, with number 6.
12. 'Koweit, 1908-1928'
- Description:
- Abstract: Document outlining the administration and history of Koweit [Kuwait] from 1908-1928.Covering:'Administration' – rulers succession history; Koweit's status as an independent Arab state; internal administration conducted by the Shaikh and Council of Advisors; control by the Government of India; and the responsibility for expenditure;'History of Koweit Affairs, 1908-28' – including the rights of the Shaikh over the islands of Bubiyan and Warba; oil concessions; Anglo-Turkish negotiations of 1911-14; co-operation during the First World War; relations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], ruler succession; and difficulties with the maintenance of a blockade;'History of Koweit Affairs, 1919-28' – including the status of Koweit; Koweit Order in Council providing for British jurisdictions within the Principality; termination of the lease of Bunder Shweikh [Bandar Shawaykh], oil concessions, relations with Ibn Saud regarding the Koweit-Nejd-Iraq boundary question, the Koweit-Nejd Customs dispute, and Akhwan [Ikhwan] raids; relations with Iraq regarding the exemption from taxation of the date gardens in Iraq belonging to the Shaikh of Koweit, the position of Koweit vis-à-vis Iraq, and relations with Persia.It also includes a summary and a list of points referred to the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee. Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 10, and terminates at f 16, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.