Abstract: The volume concerns the situation on the frontier between Transjordan and the Kingdom of Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz] and Nejd (usually referred to separately as Hejaz or Nejd), particularly in terms of crossborder raids into both states.The papers cover: reports of raids (dates, identity of leaders, locations, casualties, and details of camels and other property looted); reports of the alleged crossing of the Nejd frontier by British aircraft from Transjordan, including an apology by the British Government for one such incident in May 1929; the levying of customs duties on the border; reports of raids from Transjordan into Nejd; complaints about raids into Nejd by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], and officials of the Government of Hejaz and Nejd; arms trafficking; the British response to raids from Transjordan (the British admitted the validity of Ibn Saud's complaints, folio 618); frontier infringements by government officials; measures for the protection of caravans (folios 439-441); British protests over raids into Transjordan; records of interdepartmental discussions by British officials concerning the raids; a despatch concerning the raids from the High Commissioner for Transjordan, including a report by Air Vice Marshall Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding (folios 290-318); papers concerning the investigations of Mervyn Sorley MacDonnell, who was appointed by the British Government to examine claims arising from the raids; and suggestions that arms and ammunition landed at Jeddah were for the use of tribesmen on the Transjordan 'front', September 1930.The volume includes correspondence from: the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; the High Commissioner for Transjordan; HM Agent and Consul, Jeddah; HM Chargé d’Affaires, Jeddah; HM Minister, Jeddah; Ibn Saud; and Fuad Hamza, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 888; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 338-888; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume concerns the effect of the activities of the Akhwan (also referred to as Ikhwan, and frequently described as 'rebels'), and their conflict with Ibn Saud (also referred to as Bin Saud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], on the frontier between the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (usually referred to separately as Hejaz or Nejd), and Koweit [Kuwait].In addition to India Office correspondence and memoranda, the volume includes correspondence from: the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett); the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson); the British Agent and Consul, Jeddah; the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; the Air Ministry; the Government of India; Fuad Hamza, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, Hejaz Government; and Ibn Saud.The papers cover: British concerns about being forced to defend Kuwait (e.g. folio 628); reports of Akwan raids; the activities of individual tribes (e.g. the Ajman); the question of whether the Akhwan should be allowed refuge in Kuwait; the role of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in reconnaissance and bombing; the activities of the Akhwan leader Faisal al Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh]; the attitude of the Shaikh of Kuwait (Ahmad bin Jabir [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ]) to Ibn Saud; a request from the Shaikh of Kuwait for Lewis guns for use in armoured cars; the leaking of supplies from Kuwait to the Akhwan; the description of the Shaikh of Kuwait as 'a mild Wahabi' (folio 364); requests from the Shaikh of Kuwait for the supply of arms and ammunition; Ibn Saud's stated wish to 'annihilate the Ajman' (folio 311); reports of fighting on the border between Ibn Saud's forces and the Akhwan; a report by the Political Agent, Kuwait on Ajman marriage connections with the Al Subah [Āl Ṣabāḥ] family, August 1929; reports of the death of Faisal al Dawish, October 1929; intelligence reports by the Political Agent, Kuwait; and British agreement to supply ammunition to the Shaikh of Kuwait, October 1929.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 635; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 12-635; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume concerns the situation on the frontier between the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, Iraq, and Koweit [Kuwait], in terms of the conflict between the King of Hejaz and Nejd, Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], and the Akhwan [Ikhwan], (frequently described as 'rebels' or 'insurgents'), and their leader, Faisal al Dawish (and various other spellings) [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh].In addition to India Office correspondence and memoranda, the volume includes correspondence from: the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson); the British Agent and Consul, Jeddah (William Linskill Bond); the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; the Air Ministry; and Ibn Saud.The papers cover: list of Akhwan attacks on Iraq tribes, 1 July 1928 to 31 May 1929, including numbers of persons killed (folios 574-577), which the Foreign Office wished to bring to the attention of the Hejaz Government; the High Commissioner of Iraq's rejection of complaints by the Hejaz Government against Captain John Bagot Glubb, Government of Iraq, August 1929; the activities of Faisal al Dawish; the possibility of an influx of refugees into Kuwait, October 1929; the measures of Ibn Saud against the Akhwan; complaints by Ibn Saud that insurgents had received support from Iraq and Kuwait, September 1929; a report that the Rualla [al-Ruwallah] were intending to attack Ibn Saud from Transjordan, November 1929; Ibn Saud's determination to 'annihilate' the rebels (folio 344); the use of air reconnaissance; the activities of members of the Mutair [Muṭayr] and Ajman [‘Ajmān] tribes; intelligence reports by the Political Agent, Kuwait, including a report on the 'Battle of Injair', between members of the Mutair, Ajman, and Awazim [‘Awāzim] tribes, October 1929, with sketch map, folio 283; British ratification of the Shaikh of Kuwait's decision to allow the defeated Awazim to take refuge in Kuwait, December 1929; a request from Faisal al Dawish for an interview with the Shaikh of Kuwait and the Political Agent, Kuwait, November 1929 (folios 172-177); and correspondence concerning a request from the Hejaz Government for the supply of armoured motor lorries for transporting troops across the desert, January 1930.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 581; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 233-278 and between ff 400-581; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume concerns relations between Iraq (and Koweit [Kuwait]), and the Kingdom of Hijaz [al-Ḥijāz], Nejd, and Dependencies (usually referred to as Nejd), and its King, Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], particularly in terms of raids along the frontier between the states by Akhwan [Ikhwan] tribesmen (also referred to as 'Wahabis').In addition to India Office correspondence and memoranda, the file includes correspondence from: the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, the High Commissioner for Iraq, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the British Agent and Consul, Jeddah, the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Ibn Saud.The volume covers: the response to the mission of Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton to Ibn Saud in 1928; proposals for arbitration over matters in dispute between Iraq and Nejd; reconnaissance of landing grounds on the Hasa coast, December 1928; intelligence on tribal movements; reports of Akhwan raids (especially by the Mutair [Muṭayr], Harb, Shammar, and Ajman [‘Ajmān]); reports by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Southern Desert, Government of Iraq; proposals for air action against the Akhwan; the interpretation of the Uqair (also referred as Ojair) Protocol; references to the death of Henry Arjen Bilkert, an American citizen, who was killed by the Akhwan (e.g. folio 252); the question of the pursuit of raiders across the Nejd frontier; complaints by Ibn Saud and the Government of Nejd against the activities of Captain Glubb; the policy of the Shaikh of Kuwait towards Nejdi rebels taking refuge in his territory; minutes of interdepartmental conferences, and drafts of a proposed agreement, concerning arbitration between Iraq and Nejd; correspondence concerning the alleged execution of eight Nejdis by the British and Iraqi authorities, April-May 1929; and papers concerning the interpretation of Article 6 of the Bahra Agreement.The volume also contains a copy of the Bahra Agreement, between the British Government and Ibn Saud, dated 1 November 1925.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 747; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 132-747; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume contains parts 7 and 8 of the subject 'Iraq Nejd Relations'.Part 7 (folios 1-94, IOR/L/PS/10/1239/1 'Iraq-Nejd relations: Frontier Situation (1928). Printed Correspondence.') contains copies of correspondence from British Government officials concerning the situation on the frontier between Iraq and Kuwait, and the Kingdom of Hijaz [al-Ḥijāz], Nejd, and Dependencies, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwan] tribesmen (also referred to as 'Wahabis').Part 8 (folios 95-169, IOR/L/PS/10/1239/2 'Iraq-Nejd Situation: Press Reports. Parliamentary Question.') consists of press reports and notices of Parliamentary questions, concerning the situation on the frontier between Iraq, Kuwait, and Transjordan, and the Kingdom of Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz], Nejd, and Dependencies, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwan] tribesmen (also referred to as 'Wahabis').Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 169; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-168; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.The file contains one foliation anomaly, f 94a. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: The volume contains papers relating to the right of navigation in the Shatt-el-Arab (also referred to as the Shatt-al-Arab).It includes correspondence relating to the following: the alignment of the Perso-Iraq frontier at the mouth of the Shatt-al-Arab; the right of Persian [Iranian] vessels to navigate the Shatt-al-Arab and to anchor in Iraq waters; the proposal that the Shatt-al-Arab should be treated as an international waterway, and that an international commission should be appointed to look after it; the proposed establishment of a Conservancy Board to control the navigation in the Shatt-al-Arab, and the proposal that the Conservancy Board should also be charged with the superintendence of lighting and buoying throughout the Persian Gulf.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Foreign Office; Sir Robert Henry Clive, HM Minister, Tehran; the Admiralty; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Colonial Office; the Air Council (Air Ministry); and the Government of India Foreign and Political Department.The volume includes correspondence in French between Sir R H Clive and Mirza Abdul Hussein Khan Taimourtache (also spelled Teymourtache in the file) [Abdolhossein Teymūrtāsh], Minister of Court, Persia, dated 19 April 1928 (folios 353-354) and 26 July 1930 (folio 31).The volume includes a map and three charts of the Shatt al-Arab [IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 131; IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 163; IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 262; and IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 263].The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 357; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: Copy of dispatch No. 11 from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, in Tehran, to HM Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, George Canning, of 15 June 1825. The letter concerns relations between Russia and Persia, including:The ongoing negotiations for the demarcation of the frontier between Russia and Persia, including the determination of the Prince Royal (Crown Prince of Persia, 'Abbās Mīrzā Qājār) to continue negotiationsThe recall of the Russian Consul General, Vazenco, from TehranPoor relations between the Russian Chargé d’Affaires to Persia, Mazarowich [Semyon Mazarovich] and the Prince RoyalThe Prince Royal’s attempts to impress on the Shah (Fath-‘Ali Shāh Qājār) a belief that Russia seeks to disturb amicable relations between Russia and Persia.The letter also originally enclosed the definition of the frontier originally agreed, the definition of a new line of demarcation proposed by the Prince Royal, and a letter from the Prince Royal to the Governor-General of Georgia, General Yermoloff [Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov] (now catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/70/30-32).This document was originally enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 3 July 1825 (IOR/L/PS/9/70/25).Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
Abstract: Copy of dispatch No. 15 from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, in Koordan [Kordan or Kurdan], to HM Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, George Canning, of 4 July 1825. The letter concerns relations between Russia and Persia, including:The departure of the Russian Consul General to Persia, Vazenco, from Tehran, and the subsequent request that Vazenco be permitted to reside at Resht [Rasht]Commercial relations between Russia and PersiaThe ongoing negotiations for the demarcation of the Russo-Persian frontier between the Prince Royal [Crown Prince of Persia, 'Abbās Mīrzā Qājār] and the Governor-General of Georgia, General Yermoloff [Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov].This document was originally enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 3 July 1825 (IOR/L/PS/9/70/25).Physical description: 1 item (3 folios)
Abstract: Copy of dispatch No. 19 from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, in Yankijah [Yengejeh], to HM Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, George Canning, of 4 September 1825. The letter concerns the ongoing negotiations between Russia and Persia for the demarcation of their frontier in the Caucasus. Willock gives his appraisal of the motives of the Prince Royal, Abbas Mirza [Crown Prince of Persia, 'Abbās Mīrzā Qājār], in his ‘procrastination’ of the settlement of the frontier, and gives an account of the communications and negotiations concerning the settlement of the frontier that occurred while the Court of the Shah of Persia was at Sultanieh [Solţānīyeh]. Included are details of:Willock’s representations to the Prince Royal and the Shah encouraging the settlement of the frontierCommunications between the Shah and the Governor-General of Georgia, General Yermoloff [Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov] concerning the ratification of a settlement previously agreedNegotiations between the Persians and the Russian Chargé d'Affaires to Persia, Mazarowitch [Semyon Mazarovich]The Shah’s request for the British to mediate in the dispute.The letter originally enclosed a translation of a letter from General Yermoloff to the Shah (now catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/70/47), and a copy of a letter from Major William Monteith to Willock (now catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/70/48).This document was originally enclosed, numbered 1, in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 10 September 1825 (IOR/L/PS/9/70/45).Physical description: 1 item (14 folios)
Abstract: Copy of dispatch No. 22 from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, in Tabriz, to HM Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, George Canning, of 24 October 1825. The letter details tensions on the frontier between Russia and Persia at the shores of the lake of Gokcha [Lake Sevan], territory which is the subject of an ongoing dispute between the two sides. Correspondence concerning these tensions was originally enclosed with this letter (now catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/70/52-54). The letter also reports the assassination of Lieutenant-General Leesanowich [Dmitri Lisanovich] and General Gerkoff [Nikolai Grekov], during conflict between Russia and the Chichens [Chechens].This document was originally enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 3 December 1825 (IOR/L/PS/9/70/50).Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
Abstract: Copy of dispatch No. 24 from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, in Tehran, to HM Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, George Canning, of 28 November 1825. The letter concerns the ongoing frontier dispute between Russia and Persia regarding land bordering on the lake of Gokcheh [Lake Sevan], where a force of Russian soldiers have re-occupied a contested position, detailing:The Russian justification for the occupation on the grounds of an unratified agreement made at Tiflis [Tbilisi]The Persian desire for Great Britain to mediate in the disputeThe Persian plan to send an embassy to St Petersburgh [St Petersburg]The hopes of the Prince Royal [Crown Prince of Persia, 'Abbās Mīrzā Qājār] for receiving a subsidy from the BritishThe complaints of the Prince Royal concerning the tone of communications from the Governor-General of Georgia, General Yermoloff [Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov] (see IOR/L/PS/9/70/56)The Prince Royal’s hope for assistance in the dispute from the new East India Company Envoy to Persia, Lieutenant-Colonel John Macdonald Kinneir.The letter also originally enclosed instructions from the Prince Royal and the Shah of Persia, [Fath-‘Ali Shāh Qājār], to the Persian envoy being sent to Tiflis to discuss the frontier dispute, Meerza Saudik [Mirza Muhammad Sadiq Marvazi] (now catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/70/57). Also originally enclosed was correspondence concerning the dispute (now catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/70/56, 58-59).This document was originally enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 3 December 1825 (IOR/L/PS/9/70/50).Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
Abstract: Copy of dispatch No. 3 from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, in Tehran, to HM Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, George Canning, of 5 February 1825. The letter concerns the progress of negotiations between Russia and Persia concerning the settlement of their frontier, reporting that the Prince Royal [Crown Prince] of Persia ['Abbās Mīrzā Qājār] has demurred in ceding some lands north of the lake of Gokhcheh [Lake Sevan].This document was originally enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 8 February 1825 (IOR/L/PS/9/70/5).Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)