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25. Coll 28/67 ‘Persia: Annual Reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a single printed copy of a general report on events in Persia [Iran] during 1947 and 1948, submitted by the British Ambassador at Tehran, John Helier Le Rougetel. The file also includes a cover slip and a page of office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
26. Coll 28/67 ‘Persia. Annual Reports, 1932–’
- Description:
- Abstract: Annual reports for Persia [Iran] produced by staff at the British Legation in Tehran. The reports were sent to the Foreign Office by HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran (from 1943, Ambassador to Iran). The reports cover the following years: 1932 (ff 2-50); 1933 (ff 51-98); 1934 (ff 99-128); 1935 (ff 129-165); 1936 (ff 166-195); 1937 (ff 196-227); 1938 (ff 228-249); 1939 (ff 250-251); 1940 (ff 252-257); 1941 (ff 258-266); 1942 (ff 267-277); 1943 (ff 278-289); 1944 (ff 290-306); 1945 (ff 307-317); 1946 (ff 318-320).The reports for 1932 to 1938 are comprehensive in nature (each containing their own table of contents), and cover: an introductory statement on affairs in Persia, with a focus on the Shah’s programme of modernisation across the country; an overview of foreign relations between Persia and other nations, including with the United Kingdom, British India, and Iraq; Persia’s involvement in international conventions and agreements, for example the League of Nations and the Slave Traffic Convention; British interests in or associated with Persia, including Bahrain and Bahrainis resident in Persia, the Residency at Bushire, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Imperial Bank of Persia, and the Imperial and International Communications Company; political affairs in Persia, including court and officials, majlis, tribes and security; economic affairs in Persia (government finances and budgets, trade, industry, agriculture, opium production); communications (aviation, railways, roads); consular matters; military matters (army, navy, air force).Reports from 1939 to 1946 are briefer in nature, Reports from 1941 onwards focusing on the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Persia, and the role of United States advisors in the Persian Government’s administration.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 321; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains one foliation anomaly, f 308APagination: Each of the reports included in the file has its own printed pagination system, commencing at 1 on the first page of the report.
27. Coll 28/72 ‘Persia. Telegraph stations at Jask; Question of Persian encroachments and realignment of boundary.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence exchanged between the British Legation in Tehran, including HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, and the Foreign Office, including the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, John Allsebrook Simon. The correspondence concerns questions over the extent of the concession area of (and jurisdiction within) the telegraph station at Jask (also spelt Jashk). These questions arose from the withdrawal of the Indo-European Telegraph Department (IETD) from Persia [Iran] in 1932, and the takeover of its facilities by Imperial & International Communications Limited. The file’s correspondence covers the Persian authorities’ understanding that the original concession was no longer valid, their dismantling of the boundary fence around the telegraph station, and the construction of buildings within the original concession area.The file contains copies of correspondence dated 1887, including reports from Colonel Robert Murdoch Smith, Director in Chief of the IETD Persian section (ff 89-108), and copies of various agreements ranging in date from 1861 to 1932, relating to the operation and ownership of the telegraph line in Persia (ff 65-88).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 109; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
28. Coll 28/97 ‘Persia. Diaries. Tehran Intelligence Summaries’
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of intelligence summaries prepared on a weekly basis by the Military Attaché at the British Legation in Tehran, and received by the India Office via the Foreign Office. The file’s contents follow on chronologically from Coll 28/97(1) ‘Persia. Diaries. Tehran Intelligence Summaries.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3503). The summaries cover a broad range of information relating to wartime conditions in Iran: the activities of the Iranian government, including political instabilities, the resignation and appointment of governments and government ministers; the financial situation in Iran, including the reappointment in 1942 and subsequent economic policies of Arthur Chester Millspaugh, who was recruited to organise the government’s finances; internal security in Iran, including increasing political unrest in the north of the country (specifically in Azerbaijan) brought about by a growing Soviet presence, wartime propaganda, and the activities of the Tudeh Party of Iran; concerns over wheat production and supply, including reports of food shortages and famine conditions in 1942/43; the Iran military, including its movements, activities and appointments; foreign interests (primarily USA, British, and Soviet); reports of the numbers of Polish refugees in camps in Tehran, Isfahan and Ahwaz [Ahvāz].The file contains a single item in French, being a copy of the declaration of the Congrès National d’Azerbaidjan (Nation Congress of Azerbaijan, f 359).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 375; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
29. Coll 28/97(1) ‘Persia. Diaries. Tehran Intelligence Summaries.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of intelligence summaries compiled on a fortnightly basis by the Military Attaché at the British Legation in Tehran (Gilbert Douglas Pybus, Herbert John Underwood, William A K Fraser), and received by the India Office via the Foreign Office. Many of the summaries are preceded by cover sheets and India Office notes sheets, the latter frequently containing handwritten notes giving a précis of the summary’s contents. The summaries cover a broad range of information, including: the activities of the Shah of Iran, Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Crown Prince, and other members of the royal family; activities of the Iranian Government and its officials; activities, organisation and strength of the Iranian army and Iranian air force; communications and transport, including wireless radio, and civil aviation routes into and out of Iran; British interests in Iran, including oil companies, specifically the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company; foreign interests in Iran; the Iranian press, focussing specifically on its criticism of foreign press and actions; commercial activities in Iran, including mining and factory production; tribal matters, including those in the Bahmai and Baluchistan provinces, and the Qashqai; place name changes in Iran. Proceedings prior to and during the Second World War are also covered in the summaries. These include: German activity in Iran (commercial, political, propaganda, Nazi organisation); movements of peoples; public opinion in Iran in response to events in Europe in 1940; the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in August 1941; the abdication of Reza Shah Pahlavi; public opinion in Iran in the wake of the Anglo-Soviet invasion and occupation; social unrest and anti-British feeling.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 403; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
30. Coll 28/97(2) ‘Persia; Diaries. Tehran Intelligence summaries. No 1 to 50 of 1946.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Typewritten and printed copies of weekly intelligence summaries, submitted by the Military Attaché at the British Embassy in Tehran. The reports cover: the affairs and activities of the Persian [Iranian] Government and the majlis, including statements, communiqués and declarations made by the Persian Prime Minister, Qawam us-Saltaneh [Qavām os-Saltaneh]; internal security in Iran and its various provinces, with a particular focus on the political unrest in Azerbaijan, in the wake of the Soviet army’s refusal to withdraw from Azerbaijan, and pro-Soviet sentiment in the region; Persian government appointments; the Persian army; reports in the Persian press, with a particular focus on the expression of anti-British sentiment in some publications; foreign interests in Persia, chiefly relating to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States of America; notes on prominent Persian personalities.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 146; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. Coll 28/83 ‘Persia; Persian Nationality Law. Position of British subjects & British protected persons resident in Charbar.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers concerning the status of Indians (as British subjects, also referred to in the file as ‘khojas’) living in Charbar [Chābahār], Persia [Iran], who have had Persian nationality imposed upon them by a nationality law ratified by the Persian Government. The file covers: discussion among British officials over the status of British subjects in Charbar; the efforts of Indians in Charbar to renounce their Persian nationality; a visit by HM Consul at Kerman, Captain Cecil Henning Lincoln, to Charbar, to assist the town’s Indian community with the difficulties experienced at the hands of the Persian authorities; the arrest at and deportation from Charbar of the Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] Vice Consulate’s interpreter (also referred to in the file as a munshi) by the Persian authorities; in 1937, the departure from Charbar of 282 members of the Indian community, to Muscat and Gwadur [Gwādar].The file’s principal correspondent is HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 144; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
32. Coll 28/53 ‘Persia. Judicial. Marriage Law. Marriage of foreigners in Persia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers relating to the regulation and certification of marriages between Persian women and British (including British Indian) subjects in Persia. Correspondence is chiefly between the British Legation at Tehran and the Foreign Office. The papers include: multiple copies (in English translation and French original, including two press cuttings from Le Messager de Teheranand the Journal de Tehran) of various laws and regulations regarding marriage and divorce in Persia, passed by the Persian Government. The new laws passed by the Persian majlis reflect the Government’s desire to increasingly regulate marriages between non-Persian men and Persian women; observations on the laws and regulations made by HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Robert Henry Clive, Reginald Hervey Hoare, and Reader William Bullard. These observations refer to Christian marriages in Persia, the question of marriage between Muslims and non-Muslims, and the consular certification of marriages; instructions for HM’s Consular Officers in Persia on the registration and issue of certificates for marriages, in accordance with the Persian Government’s marriage regulations. The file includes a number of draft texts for certifications of ‘no impediment’.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 136; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
33. Coll 28/54 ‘Persia. Perso-Polish and Perso-Japanese Relations.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers relating to diplomatic and commercial relations between Persia [Iran] and Poland, and Persia and Japan. The file includes: a copy (in French) of a Treaty of Friendship and Commercial Convention, signed between Persia and Poland in 1927; correspondence (some in French) concerning relations between Persia and Japan, culminating in the signing of a treaty of commerce and navigation between the two countries in 1932 (not included in the file); correspondence and extracts from the diary of the British Residency and Consulate at Bushire, dated 1935, reporting on a concession awarded to Japanese commercial interests by the Persian Government to mine rock salt on Qishm Island [Qeshm]; correspondence dated 1940 from HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Tehran, Reader William Bullard, reporting that the Polish Chargé d’Affaires in Tehran has not received a dinner invitation to celebrate the Shah’s [Reza Shah Pahlavi] birthday. Subsequent correspondence concerns the decision for Bullard to decline the invitation to dinner, along with his French counterpart; correspondence dated 1941-1942 concerning relations between Persia and Japan, prior to and immediately after Japan’s entry into the Second World War.The file’s principal correspondents are: HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Robert Henry Clive, Reginald Hervey Hoare, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, and Reader William Bullard; the Foreign Office.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 72; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
34. Coll 28/84 ‘Iran. Changes in Iranian place names.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and papers relating to the Persian Government’s decision in 1935 to change the name of the country from Persia to Iran, and of the changes throughout the 1930s to the names of numerous provinces, towns and cities across the country. The papers include: translated copies of memoranda from the Persian Government’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, announcing various name changes (some of which include place names written in Persian); correspondence amongst British officials over the implications of the changes, particularly that of Persia to Iran, for British interests such as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company; British Government instructions to replace Persia for Iran in maps and correspondence; the use of the term ‘Iranian Gulf’ in place of ‘Persian Gulf’ by some organisations, and instruction from British officials that the term ‘Persian Gulf’ should be reinstated; notification of name changes sent by the Foreign Office to the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (care of the Royal Geographical Society).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 156; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
35. Coll 28/85S (2) ‘Persia; Abadan situation 1946; Policy to be pursued by H.M.G. (Recommendations & General Appreciation).’
- Description:
- Abstract: Secret papers and correspondence concerning the British Government’s response to the potential threat of Soviet Communist penetration in Persia [Iran] and a perceived increase in influence of the Tudeh Party within the Persian Government. The political crisis was triggered by events at the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company’s refinery at Abadan in July 1946, covered in full in Coll 28/85S (1) ‘Persia. Abadan and S. W. Persian oilfields; Protection of British interests.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3490A).The papers include: an appreciation of the political situation in Persia, along with recommendations for British propaganda activities to counter the Soviet threat, prepared by HM Ambassador at Tehran, John Haller Le Rougetel; a response to Le Rougetel’s recommendations, prepared by the Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Robert George Howe; a further response to Le Rougetel’s recommendations from the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Hugh Weightman; instructions sent by Le Rougtel to British consular officials in Persia, in response to events at Abadan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 42; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
36. Coll 28/96 ‘Persia. Judicial. Persian law regarding smuggling. Position of foreigners.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning the compatibility of legal safeguards in relation to the expiration of the Tariff Autonomy Treaty, agreed between the British and Persian Governments on 10 May 1928, and a new law passed by the Government of Iran in 1936 that authorised the use of the death penalty against armed smugglers, as well as their trial by military court (i.e. behind closed doors). An English translation of the law is included in the file (f 58). The file’s principal correspondents are: HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Horace James Seymour; the British Counsellor at the Legation in Tehran, Nevile Montagu Butler; and the Foreign Office. Correspondence includes: concerns raised amongst various British Government officials over the new law; a letter detailing concerns about the new law, sent by Seymour to the Iranian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Enayatollah Samiy (ff 26-28). A letter sent by Butler to the Foreign Office, dated 1 October 1936, contains an extract of French text: a portion of a memorandum written by the Armenian lawyer Raphael Aghababoff (ff 54-57).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 61; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.