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37. Coll 28/97(2) ‘Tehran Intelligence Summaries’
- Description:
- Abstract: Typewritten copies of fortnightly intelligence summaries, prepared by the Military Attaché at the British Embassy in Tehran. The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/97(2) ‘Persia diaries: Tehran Intelligence Summaries 1947’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3506). It covers: political affairs in Persia [Iran], including government changes, the Persian majlis, the government’s responses to foreign affairs, Persia-Soviet relations, budgets, the activities of the Ministry of Labour, the resignation of successive governments led by Ebrahim Hakimi and Hajir [Abdolhosein Hazhir]; military affairs, including the Persian navy, military conscription, and the Persian air force; internal security, including tribal affairs, and unrest in some regions of Persia, with a particular focus on Azerbaijan; economic affairs, including industry, agriculture, the activities of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, the Persian Government’s proposed seven-year plan, red oxide production at Hormuz [Jazīreh-ye Hormoz]; communications in Persia, covering roads, railways, ports, and air services; miscellaneous items, including official visits, extreme weather events, and an attempt on the life of the Shah, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, at Tehran University in February 1949.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 127; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
38. Coll 28/97(2) ‘Persia diaries: Tehran Intelligence Summaries 1947’
- Description:
- Abstract: Typewritten and printed copies of weekly intelligence summaries, submitted by the Military Attaché at the British Embassy in Tehran. The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/97(2) ‘Persia; Diaries. Tehran Intelligence summaries. No 1 to 50 of 1946.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3505). The reports cover: activities of and appointments to the Persian [Iranian] Government and Persian majlis; the actions of the Persian Prime Minister Qawam us-Saltaneh [Qavām os-Saltaneh], who was succeeded in December 1947 by Hakim el-Molk [Ebrahim Hakimi]; the activities of the Persian army, gendarmerie and navy; the Persian court, including the movements and activities of the Shah; relations between Persia and Soviet Russia; internal security in various Persian regions (including Azerbaijan, Fars, Khuzistan, Persian Kurdistan); foreign interests in Persia, chiefly relating to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States of America; communications and roads; commerce; labour, specifically labour relations in Persia, and the activities of the Tudeh Party.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 181; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
39. Coll 28/22 ’Persia; Relations with H.M.G. Persian Debt to H.M.G.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning the Persian Government’s desire, signalled in June 1931, to pay off in full a pre-war interest-bearing debt owed to Britain, totalling £490,000. Correspondence is chiefly exchanged between the Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter, George William Rendel), the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), the Treasury (Thomas Kenneth Bewley), and the British Legation at Tehran (Charles Dodd), and covers:The wording of a formal response to be given to the Persian Government, that does not comprise or jeopardise the outstanding (post-war) debt of £1,510,000 remaining to be paid.The nature of the servicing of the debt and its interest.In late August 1931, the Persian Ministry of Finance’s decision to abandon service of the debt, and continue payment of interest on the debt at seven per cent.In 1932, the Persian Ministry of Finance’s reversal of their earlier decision to abandon servicing of the debt.In June 1933, confirmation via the Imperial Bank of Persia of the full servicing of the pre-war debt.India Office correspondence dated October 1933, enclosing a provisional draft of instructions for a General Treaty between Britain and Persia, making mention of the outstanding debt owed by Persia to Britain (ff 16-34).The file contains two letters in French (f 42, f 47), sent by the Treasury General of the Persian Ministry of Finance.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 192; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
40. Coll 28/23 ‘Relations with H.M.G: Negotiations 1928–31 Withdrawal of I.E.T Dept.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers concerning the drafting of an agreement between the Governments of Britain and Persia [Iran], concerning the withdrawal of the Indo-European Telegraph Department from Persia, and the subsequent taking over of cables and equipment in Persia by the Persian Government. The agreement covers: the costs of daily use of the cables; maintenance of the cable between Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām] and Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās]; transit dues for communications sent between Iraq and India; access to Gulf ports by cable ships. The papers include:Multiple drafts of the agreement, in French. A printed copy of the final agreement in French and English translation, dated 17 February 1932, is included (ff 141-144).Correspondence concerning difficulties in maintaining an import of supplies to telegraph stations in Persia.Registration of the Imperial and International Communications Company Limited (IICC) in Persia.Discussion amongst British officials over the merits of abandoning cable communication in the Gulf, and closing down the telegraph stations on the Persian coast of the Gulf, in favour of using wireless communications.Correspondence from 1932 concerning the costs of repairs to the Henjam-Bandar Abbas cable, incurred by IICC/Cable & Wireless Limited, and charged against the Persian Government.The volume’s principal correspondents are: the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite); the British Legation at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive; Charles Dodd; Reginald Hervey Hoare); the Indo-European Telegraph Department (Maurice George Simpson); the Indo-European Telegraph Company (which became the IICC, and from 1935, Cable & Wireless Limited (J O Stevens Perry; Ralph Lawson)).The volume contains a single item in Persian (f 82), being an order issued by the Shah of Persia, dated 28 Khordad 1311 (equivalent to 18 June 1932), ratifying the Indo-European Telegraph Department agreement.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 409; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
41. Coll 28/25 ‘Persia. Relations with H.M.G. Negotiations re Mirjawa – Duzdap line etc.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence exchanged between the Department of Industries and Labour of the Government of India, the British Legation at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive; Raymond Cecil Parr), and India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), concerning the status of the Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh] to Duzdap [Zahedan] telegraph line in Persia [Iran], chiefly used by the North Western Railway, in light of the Indo-European Telegraph Department’s withdrawal from Persia, and the handing over of telegraph cables and stations in Persia to the Persian Government. The correspondence discusses if a clause regarding the Mirjawa to Duzdap telegraph line should be inserted into the agreement for the transfer of telegraph operations, under negotiation between the British and Persian Governments.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 37; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
42. Coll 28/26 ‘Relations with H.M.G. Importation of Stores for I.E.T.D. Staff’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to food and supply shortages suffered by staff of the Indo-European Telegraph Department manning telegraph stations along the Persian coast of the Persian Gulf. The file’s principal correspondents include the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), Imperial and International Communications Limited (J O Stevens Perry), the British Legation at Tehran (Charles Dodd, Lacy Baggallay, Reginald Hervey Hoare), and the Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter, George William Rendel). The shortages were a result of the introduction by the Persian Government of a Trade Monopoly Law, banning the import of goods into Persia without goods of equivalent value being exported in the opposite direction. The correspondence focuses on the wording of the Telegraphs Agreement under negotiation between the British and Persian Governments, classification of official stores, and the issue of import licenses for supplies. The file includes lists of the private stores (ff 119-122) and official stores (ff 109-112) for staff of Imperial and International Communications Limited, based at telegraph stations in Bushire, Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Jask, and Charbar [Chabahar].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 138; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
43. Coll 28/28 ‘Persia. Perso-Baluchistan Frontier. Demarcation near Mirjawa.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, maps and other papers relating to the establishment of a precise position of the frontier between Persia [Iran], British Baluchistan [in present-day Pakistan], and Afghanistan, arising in response to the proposed transfer to Persian ownership of the Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh] to Duzdap [Zahedan] stretch of the North Western Railway, and territorial claims made by the Khan of Kalat, Mir Mohammad Azam Jan Khan, and the Persian Government. The volume’s correspondents include: Foreign Office and India Office officials; the British Legation at Tehran (Reginald Hervey Hoare; Charles Dodd); the Government of India (Francis Verner Wylie); the Agent to Governor-General and Chief Commissioner for Baluchistan (Alexander Norman Ley Cater); the British Consul for Sīstān and Kain [Ka’īn] (Clive Kirkpatrick Daly).The correspondence covers:The historical basis for negotiations, being surveys carried out in the 1870s, and a demarcation agreement concluded on 24 March 1896 by Colonel Thomas Hungerford Holdich, later referred to as the Holdich Line. Papers include correspondence from the 1930s in response to uncertainties about the precise position of the line (including extracts of the agreement in Persian), and copies of correspondence from 1895-1896 relating to the conclusion of Holdich’s agreement.Arrangements in 1932 for a joint British and Persian survey party to map the frontier, with Captain Guy Bomford of the Survey of India leading the British party. The results of Bomford’s survey are summarised in a copy of a secret letter, dated 9 June 1932, with accompanying maps (ff 113-119).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 321; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and two ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
44. Coll 28/28A ‘Persia: Perso-Baluchistan frontier; demarcation near Mirjawa [mostly copies of papers on 28/28]’
- Description:
- Abstract: Photographic reproductions of letters, memoranda, printed copies of correspondence and maps, relating to the demarcation of the border between Persia [Iran] and British Baluchistan (in present-day Pakistan) around the town of Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh]. The majority of the file’s papers are duplicates of material in the file Coll 28/28 ‘Persia. Perso-Baluchistan Frontier. Demarcation near Mirjawa.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3425).Correspondence dating between 1924 and 1935 comprises the first part of the file (ff 2-153). The second part of the file is preceded by a cover slip attached to folio 154, which reads: ‘Collection ‘B’’. Papers in this part of the file (ff 154-286) comprise copies of correspondence dating between 1871 and 1912. Three of the file’s thirteen maps (f 223, f 224, f 242) are not duplicates of maps included IOR/L/PS/12/3425.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 286; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
45. Coll 28/29 ‘Persia. Russia. Russian Refugees in Persia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and papers collected in response to an influx of refugees arriving in the northern provinces of Persia [Iran] from Soviet Russia, reaching a peak during 1932 and 1933, as a result of a chronic famine affecting parts of southern Russia.Extracts from consular diaries and intelligence summaries, submitted by the British Consulates and Vice Consulates at Meshed [Mashhad] (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett; Major L G W Hamber; Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly), Tabriz (Clarence Edward Stanhope Palmer) and Resht [Rasht] (Archibald William Davis).Reports and memoranda on refugees from Russia in Persia (their numbers, condition, treatment at the hands of Russian and Persian authorities, movements) compiled by British officials at Meshed, Tabriz and Resht, and submitted to Government by the British Legation in Tehran (Reginald Hervey Hoare).Correspondence exchanged between India Office and Foreign Office representatives in response to the reports received from Persia, discussing what actions might be taken.Many of the reports and correspondence provide evidence of British officials’ suspicions of Communist (or Bolshevik) conspirators amongst the refugees, whom they suspect of intending to foment unrest in Persia. The papers also give indication of the various different ethnic groups and peoples comprising the refugees from Russia (including Turcoman [Turkmen], Armenian, Khirgis [Kyrgyz], Bukharan Jewish), and differences in the treatment and movements of these different groups, including, for example, Bukharan Jewish refugees’ attempts to obtain visas for travel to Palestine.The file contains a single item of correspondence in French, being a copy of a letter from the Secretary General of the League of Nations (f 9).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 205; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
46. Coll 28/31 ‘Persia. Judicial; Law relating to entry & residence of foreigners’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers relating to the Persian Government’s introduction of new legislation, under which foreigners entering or resident in Persia [Iran] had to notify their presence in the country with the Persian authorities. Included in the file are copies and extracts of the new legislation, in French original, as well as in English and Urdu translation, which also includes details of new visa and customs legislation.Correspondence between the India Office (George William Rendel), Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter), British Legation in Tehran (Robert Henry Clive; Charles Dodd; Reginald Hervey Hoare), and the Government of India, discusses the implications of the new legislation for British and other foreign interests in Persia, including: British consular officers in Persia; the Anglo-Persian Oil Company; British vessels visiting Persian ports in the Persian Gulf; foreigners in motor cars in Persia; pilgrims travelling from India to Iraq via Persia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 65; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
47. Coll 28/32 ‘Persia; Foreigners in; Expropriation by Persian municipalities of property of foreigners.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning the expropriation of property belonging to foreigners in Persia [Iran] by the Persian Government. The papers chiefly concern a set of silk cocoon drying sheds and storage facilities belonging to a Greek subject in Resht [Rasht], which were demolished by the town’s municipal authorities in 1931 for the purpose of street widening. Papers also discuss the subsequent claim made by the Hellenic Government against the Persian Government. The file’s principal correspondents are: the British Vice-Consulate at Resht (Archibald William Davis); the British Legation at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive); the British Chargé d’Affaires in Persia (Lacy Baggallay).Later correspondence in the file, dated 1934, relates to the transfer of responsibility for Greek nationals in Persia, from the British to the Turkish Government.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 38; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
48. Coll 28/6 ‘Persia; Diaries: Khuzistan (Ahwaz) Diaries Jany 1931 – 1937.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed and typewritten monthly reports submitted by the British Consul for Khuzistan [Khūzestān] (Herbert Reginald Dauphin Gybbon-Monypenny; Arnold Edwards Watkinson; Alfred John Gardener) to the India Office. The reports, which evolve over time from one-page summaries to comprehensive documents consisting of up to twenty-five sheets, cover a range of affairs taking place in the west Persian [Iran] province, and its chief towns of Ahwaz [Ahvāz] and Mohammerah [Khorramshahr]:British interests, including the movements of British consular, military and naval officials, individuals involved in commercial concerns, the activities of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) at Abadan and elsewhere, and the activities of the Mesopotamia Persia Corporation Limited.Persian administration, including the movements, appointments and actions of Persian officials, and general Government administration.Foreign interests (including Soviet, Iraqi, Japanese, French, German, American) with an emphasis on trade and shipping movements at Mohammerah.Persian military affairs, including army, conscription, police, the Anmieh (rural police), air force, navy.Internal affairs, including security (robberies and raids in the region, smuggling), the activities of the region’s tribes, including the Bakhtiari, judicial affairs.Public health, including outbreaks of cholera and deaths caused by the hot weather.Public works, covering roads, railways, bridges, municipal improvements, ports, posts and telegraphs.Agricultural activity and locust reports.Trade and commerce, including customs, the National Bank of Persia, industry, Persian monopoly companies.Weather reports.The reports also mention historical events of note, including: the Silver Jubilee and death of King George V; modernisation in Persia/Iran, including changes in dress (the adoption of ‘European hats’, the removal of ladies’ veils), and changes to place names.Earlier reports are enclosed with minute papers containing handwritten notes written by India Office staff, summarising points of interest in the reports. In many instances the handwritten notes are labelled a, b, c, etc., which refer to pencil annotations in the margins of the reports.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 766; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.