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13. ‘State of affairs in Persia’
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures no. 2-5 to a despatch from the Secret Department, Bombay Castle, dated 9 February 1852. The enclosures are dated 3 September-19 November 1852.The enclosures consist of copies of correspondence relating to affairs in Persia [Iran] and Afghanistan, including:Persian [Iranian] threats to re-take control of Bender Abbass [Bandar Abbas] from the Imam of MuscatPersian claims on Mohammera [Khorramshahr] and negotiations with the Ottoman Empire over their rights ‘to collect taxes and maintain soldiers’ thereOther events related to Persian-Ottoman border disputes, including the construction of an Ottoman fort at Katoor [Qotur] and Persian occupation of the island of Mehalleh [Minu] in the Shat ool Arab [Shatt al-Arab]Clashes between the Governor of Asterabad [Gorgon] and the Turkoman population of the province, including the damming of rivers to divert water away from Turkoman areasThe appointment of the Shah’s brother [‘Abbās Mīrzā Mulk Ārā Qājār] as Governor of Koom [Qom]An application to the Persian Government for redress after a British subject travelling from Lingah [Bandar Lengeh] to Muscat aboard a Persian ship was beaten and robbed by the crew because he was JewishReported intrigues against Syed Mahomed Khan [Sayyid Muḥammad Khān ‘Alī Kūzāy, Governor of Herat] and attempts to persuade him to accept Persian sovereigntyThe pillaging of Ghorian [Ghurian] and capture of its Governor by forces of the Sheikh of Merve [Merv]Restrictions and increased tariffs on exports from Bushire [Bushehr], particularly of wheat and horses, imposed by the Governor, and British complaints to the Persian Government (particularly after the seizure of a British vessel) leading to the Governor being summoned to TehranThe removal of Meerxa Tekkee Khan [Mīrzā Taqī Khān Farāhānī, also known as Amīr Kabīr], the Ameer Nizam [Amir-e Nezam], as Prime Minister, and the appointment of Meerza Aghan Khan [Mīrzā Āqā Khān Nūrī], the Itimad-ood-Dowleh [I‘timād al-Dawlah].The primary correspondents are: the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia; HM Chargé d’Affaires, Persia; the Prime Minister of Persia; the Foreign Minister of Persia; the British Embassy, Constantinople [Istanbul]; and the Russian Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia.Physical description: 1 item (138 folios)
14. ‘Relating to the Slave Trade Vol: 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden; Reuben Aslan, the Native Agent at Muscat; Captain Atkins Hamerton, Agent at Muscat on a mission to Zanzibar; Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Robertson, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the first in a series of two items on the trade in enslaved people (the other is IOR/F/4/1990/88113).The item concerns primarily concerns information about the mechanisms of the trade in enslaved people across the whole of the Gulf, including Persia, detailing:The routes travelledNumbers of enslaved people transportedThe nationalities of tradersThe value of the tradeThe nationalities, prices, gender ratio, ages, and treatment of the enslaved people.The item also discusses:The specific role of boats from Scinde [Sindh] exporting enslaved people from Muscat to ScindeThe possibility of persuading the Ameer of Scinde [Mir Nasir Khan Talpur] to issue a proclamation prohibiting the trade in enslaved peopleThe possibility of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa’id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id] forbidding Joasmee [al-Qawasim] boats from visiting his African possessions to try to curb the trade in enslaved peopleThe case of the Kallah Kassaim [Qal’ah Qasim], which imported enslaved people into Muscat and changed her flag from the British flag to the Imam of Muscat’s depending on her circumstancesProposed measures to prevent export of kidnapped children from the territory of the Nizam of Hyderabad [Mir Farqunda Ali Khan]The rescue of enslaved Somali men and women from Rasul Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah]The rescue of enslaved Indian women from MuscatReports of a delegation sent by the Imam of Muscat to London to object to the East India Company’s insistence on ending the trade in enslaved peopleExtent of the trade in kidnapped children at Hyderabad, and the enforcement of the laws concerning the tradeDepositions of those connected with the cases of alleged slavery, including the case of Hajee Mahomed [Haji Muhammed], who was found to have multiple Abyssinian children in his house.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 227, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3822A, [Season 18]43’, ‘Collection No 11’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4 and terminates at f 251, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
15. ‘Relating to the Slave Trade Vol: 2’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Board of Control of the East India Company; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen; Ali bin Nasir, an envoy from the Imam of Muscat; Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id, the Imam of Muscat. It is the second in a series of two items on the trade in enslaved people (the other is IOR/F/4/1990/88112).The item contains the correspondence between the Earl of Aberdeen and Ali bin Nasir during the latter’s embassy to London on behalf of the Imam of Muscat.The item concerns:The limits on the trade in enslaved people which the British Government wished the Imam of Muscat to impose in his territoriesComplaints from the British that the Imam had not fulfilled his treaty obligationsComplaints from the Imam that the British had not fulfilled their treaty obligations.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 227, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3822A, [Season 18]43’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 252 and terminates at f 276, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
16. ‘Persia – Regarding the improper proceedings of the Custom Master at Bunder Abbass, with reference to British subject. – Vol: 2’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Government of India; Major Atkins Hamerton, British Consul and Agent in the Dominions of the Imam of Muscat; and Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the second in a series of five items.The item concerns money owed to British subjects on account of the actions of the Customs Master at Bunder Abbass [Bander-e ‘Abbas], and the settlement of this affair by the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft No 969-1852’ and ‘Collection No 5 of No 62’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 1044, and terminates at f 1056, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
17. 'Exchange of Ratifications of Captain Cogan's Treaty'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists primarily of copies of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, secret letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are the Government of Bombay and the Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain Samuel Hennell.The subject of the item is the ratification of the Treaty of Commerce agreed between Captain Robert Cogan and Hassan bin Ebrihim [Ḥasan bin Ibrāhīm] and Alli bin Naser [‘Alī bin Nāṣir] 31 May 1839 in Zanzibar. The treaty was ratified on 22 July 1840 by Hennell and Syed Mahomed bin Syed Shurruf [Sayyid Muḥammad bin Sa’īd Shurruf] on behalf of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. The item contains a copy of the treaty and certificate of ratification in English and Arabic.The treaty concerns:Rights and privileges of merchants of both countries to enter either countryRights of citizens of both countries to own property in either countryRights of consuls in both countriesProtection of servants of British subjects in the dominions of the ImaumSettling disputes involving British subjectsDisposal of property of subjects of either country who die in the otherTreatment of bankrupt subjects of either country living in the otherPayment of debts owed to subjects of the other countryDuties levied on goods entering ports and limitation of monopoliesRegulations for importing goodsProvisions in case of war between Britain and MuscatHelping vessels in distressThe renewal of the treaty of 1822 to suppress the slave trade.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No. 6, Draft 431, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3075, [Season] 1841’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4 and terminates at f 32, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
18. ‘Slave Trade – Volume 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It is the first in a series of seven items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2014/89997, 89998, 89999, 90000, 90001, and 90002).The item concerns:A possible mistranslation and misinterpretation of Article Three of the General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian Gulf of 1822An increase in the trade in enslaved people in ZanzibarIndividual cases of emancipationThe possibility of issuing a general proclamation to emancipate all enslaved people found on vessels that do not belong to nations which have a special arrangement about slavery.The papers which were enclosed in the letters are in the other volumes in the series. The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 666, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4079, [18]43’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 146, and terminates at f 164, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
19. ‘Slave Trade Vol 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of nine items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2087/96921, IOR/F/4/2087/96922, IOR/F/4/2087/96923, IOR/F/4/2087/96924, IOR/F/4/2087/96925, IOR/F/4/2087/96926, IOR/F/4/2087/96927, and IOR/F/4/2087/96928).The item concerns:The acquittal of Ali bin Abdulla [‘Alī bin ‘Abdullāh], the supercargo of the Aden Merchanton a charge of trading enslaved peopleThe release of enslaved people at MuscatThe prohibition of selling enslaved people at MuscatThe translation of the Moresby TreatyEnslaved people liberated from Zanzibar, Muscat, and Bahrein [Bahrain]The treaties prohibiting the sale of Somalis, agreed to by the Arab tribesThe agreement between Bourbon [Réunion] and the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to import free labourers into Bourbon.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 290/45, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4760’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 797 and terminates at f 809, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
20. ‘Slave Trade Vol: 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; the Court of Directors of the East India Company; the Foreign Office; the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. It is the first in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85479 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480). The enclosures to the letters are contained in the following items.The item concerns:The rescue of enslaved children and their subsequent placement in households or in a trade at Aden or Bombay, or their return homeThe prevalence of the trade in enslaved people at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] and ZanzibarDiscussions of how frequently women and children were kidnapped from India and enslaved and sold at Zanzibar, and whether the Imaum of Muscat’s ships were involvedDiscussions of how involved the Imaum of Muscat was in importing enslaved people to IndiaThe difficulties of enforcing treaties abolishing the trade in enslaved people, and in persuading the Imaum of Muscat to agree to such treatiesThe system of importing free labourers from Zanzibar to Mauritius and the British attempts to persuade the Imaum not to permit this system because it was often used to perpetuate slaveryThe case of the Joshua Carroll, a ship seized by the British on suspicion of it being a slaving ship, and the claims of the company which chartered it that it was engaged in legitimate trade to transfer free labourers to MauritiusThe request of the Nawaub of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan I] that the British return a dancing girl whom he had accused of theft and who had taken refuge at SuratAttempts of Neer Nusseer Khan of Sinde [Amir Nasir Khan Talpur] to persuade the British to pardon one of his officials who had been imprisoned for attempting to import nine children on his behalf.Affairs of the English brig Maria:Captain Turner’s apology for confining one of the Imaum’s seaman in the MariaThe false accusation of mate of the Mariaof murderThe Imaum’s attempt to use the Mariato obtain the inheritance of a man who died at Tamatava [Toamasina, Madagascar].The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 530 and terminates at f 694, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
21. ‘Slave Trade Vol: 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of six items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2066/94847, IOR/F/4/2066/94848, IOR/F/4/2066/94849, IOR/F/4/2066/94850, and IOR/F/4/2066/94851).The item concerns:The kidnapping of children from the territory of the Nizam of Hyderabad [Mir Farkhunda ‘Ali Khan]The rescue of enslaved Indians from Muscat and Judda [Jeddah]Anti-slavery proclamations of the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa’id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id]The cases of individuals accused of importing enslaved people into Muscat and India.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 873, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4548, [Season 18]44’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 316 and terminates at f 338, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
22. ‘Slave Trade Vol: 2’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; Philip LeGeyt, the Senior Magistrate of Police at Bombay; the Government of India; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, British Political Agent at Aden. It is the second in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85478 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480).The item concerns:Instructions to magistrates concerning cases of enslaved women seeking asylum in British territories, including descriptions of individual cases, and details of one case where the Nawab of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mahomed Yakut Khan I] demanded the return of a dancing girl, claiming that she had stolen from himReports on the extent of the trade in enslaved people at Dieu [Diu] and GoaThe proclamation of the Raja of Suttara [Satara] that the buying or selling of enslaved people in his territory is illegalThe arrival of a Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] boat at Muscat suspected of having on board kidnapped Somalee [Somali] girlsDetails of twenty children who were shipwrecked on their way from Maculla [Al Mukalla] to Judda [Jeddah] to be sold; the subsequent situations found for the children in Aden and BombayThree stowaway boys from Muscat found on board the Orwelland the Hugh Lindsayand their subsequent positionsTwo boys found at Tannah [Thune] who claimed to have been brought from Aden by a Portuguese man to Bombay who later abandoned themThree Indian girls who were rescued from slavery by the Native Agent at Muscat, Rubik bin Uslan [Aslan]; the circumstances of their kidnapping from India; their return to IndiaInvestigations about the prevalence of the kidnapping of Indian women and girls to be sold at Zanzibar, the importation of enslaved people into Bombay, and the involvement of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sulṭan Al Bu Sa‘id]The importation of enslaved people from the coast of Africa to Zanzibar, and from Zanzibar to the Persian GulfProposal of measures to eliminate the trade in enslaved people.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 695 and terminates at f 866, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
23. ‘Slave Trade Vol: 3’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains graphic descriptions of slavery.This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, British Political Agent at Aden; Khojah Reuben, Native Agent at Muscat; the Government of India; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat on a mission to Zanzibar; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the third in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85478 and IOR/F/4/1959/85479).The item concerns:British proposals of methods to end the trade in enslaved people and potential political and practical consequences of these methodsThe extent of slavery and the trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar and India, and the involvement of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sulṭan Al Bu Sa‘id] and his shipsThe kidnap and sale of women from IndiaThe involvement of individuals in the Persian Gulf in the trade in enslaved peopleThe difficulties of determining the nationality of crews and ships for the purpose of applying pre-existing treaties which limit the trade in enslaved peopleThe case of the Kallah Kassaim[ Qal'ah Qasim], which transported enslaved people while flying British colours and subsequently changed to flying the Imam of Muscat’s flag, including copies of her licence and passThe importation of enslaved people into Shargah [Sharjah] and the non-cooperation of Sultan bin Suggur [Shaikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi, Shaikh of Ra’s al-Khaymah] in resolving this matter; the eventual release of four Soomalee [Somali] women, the circumstances of their enslavement, and their return to BerberaA dispute between Sultan bin Suggur and Khalifa bin Shaikboot [Shaikh Khalifah bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi] involving each of them plundering the other's territoryRelations between British and American citizens at Zanzibar and the influence of their respective officials over the Imam of MuscatThe arrival of Her Majesty’s sloop of war Lilyat Zanzibar, and her seizure of the Joshua Carrollon suspicion of her being equipped to carry enslaved peopleThe trade in enslaved people at Berbera and the possibility of its suppression.The item includes letters sent by the Imam of Muscat to Queen Victoria, Lord Aberdeen [George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen], and Lord Palmerston [John Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston] requesting that they modify their plans for the suppression of the trade in enslaved people (ff 210-219).The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4 and terminates at f 220, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
24. ‘Slave Trade in the Red Sea & Persian Gulf. Vol: 2’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; and the Government of India. It is the second in a series of nine items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2087/96920, IOR/F/4/2087/96922, IOR/F/4/2087/96923, IOR/F/4/2087/96924, IOR/F/4/2087/96925, IOR/F/4/2087/96926, IOR/F/4/2087/96927, and IOR/F/4/2087/96928).The item concerns:The acquittal of Ali bin Abdulla [‘Alī bin ‘Abdullāh], the supercargo of the Aden Merchanton a charge of trading enslaved peopleAn investigation into whether three Indian women were being kept against their will at Kishm [Qeshm]The arrival at Bombay of four previously enslaved children from Muscat, and their accounts of their livesA proclamation made at Muscat prohibiting the buying or selling of enslaved people from India, and the disappointment of the British that this proclamation was not as wide-ranging as they believed the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd] had intended.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 290/45, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4760’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 810 and terminates at f 863, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.