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1. ‘Persian Gulf. Bahrein. Plunder of two boats of, by the Chief of Junnah. Proceedings in consequence’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 31 March 1852, and found at IOR/F/4/2475/138723. It is the second in a series of eight items about the Persian Gulf.The item relates to actions taken by Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, following reports from Hajee Jassem [Ḥājjī Jāsim], Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain], of the plunder of boats from Bahrein and Kateef [Qatif] by Sheik Humud ben Mujuddil ul Amaeeree, Amaeer 'Chief ' [Shaikh Ḥamad bin Majdal al-‘Umayrī, Leader of al-‘Amāyir tribe]. As well as plunder, Sheik Humud has taken pilgrim passengers as captives to his stronghold on the island of Junnah [Jana]. Hajee Jassem links the incidents to recent disputes between Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd] and Sheik Mahomed ben Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], Sheik of Bahrein. Hennell writes letters to Sheik Humud instructing him to release the captives he took from the boats.The item also contains Sheik Humud's response, as well as Hajee Jassem's further report that Sheik Humud released a number of the captives back to Bahrein where they were sold. Hajee Jassem also comments on Sheik Mahomed's attitude to the affair and the displeasure of the Bahrein citizens towards their Sheik.Hennell passes on copies of the above correspondence to the Government of Bombay.Humud ben Mujuddil is also rendered in text as Humud ben Mujiddil and Humud ben Mujuddel.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 733 of 1852', 'Collection No 7', 'Vol: 2', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the Collection number was given as '2 of No. 35' but this has been crossed out.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 935, and terminates at f 943, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
2. ‘Aden. Slave dealing.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence which form partial enclosures to a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 12 November 1845. A copy of this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2157/103838 and further enclosures to this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2157/103844.The item relates to the results of an investigation into the potential trafficking to Aden of an enslaved boy named Nusseeb [Nasīb], including the cancellation of a sentence passed on the accused, Ali ibn Hamed [‘Alī bin Ḥamad]. The item also contains a letter from Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden, to the Government of Bombay, dated 17 November 1843, regarding a fine imposed on Abdoola Ali [‘Abdullāh ‘Alī] after he was charged with participating in the ‘slave trade’ [trade in enslaved people].As well as Haines, the item’s correspondents include the Court of Directors.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5410, Draft 786/46’, ‘Vol: 6’, ‘Collection N. 10 of N. 124’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’. The ‘N. 10’ has been crossed out with different ink.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 862, and terminates at f 865, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. 'File 18/1 Remissions to Prisoners'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of two items of correspondence, with a related note:a demi-official letter from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain to Lieutenant-Colonel Percy George Loch, Political Agent, Bahrain dated 23 January 1935 expressing his concerns about the early release of prisoners on the instructions of Sheikh Hamad [Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah];letter from H A F Metcalfe, Foreign and Political Department, Simla to Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 1 July 1935 explaining the decision to commute three death sentences passed by the Sessions Judge in Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 5 on the last folio before the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio.
4. 'File 8/22 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: KHASAB – SHAIKH HASSAN SHIHUH'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to former occupants of the posts Wali of Khasab and Shaikh of Khasab, in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The correspondence primarily concerns Shaikh Hasan bin Muhammad, a former Shaikh of Khasab who was sentenced to twenty-two months' imprisonment by the Government of Muscat and Oman and then sent to Debai [Dubai] by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, on the understanding that Shaikh Said bin Maktum, Ruler of Debai, would keep Shaikh Hasan under surveillance and prevent his return to Khasab. The correspondence documents Shaikh Hasan's subsequent escape from Debai to Khasab, his removal to Bokha, and his eventual return to custody in Debai. The file concludes with the decision to return Shaikh Hasan to Muscat.The file features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of Muscat and Oman's Council of Regency; Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], President of the Council of Ministers, Muscat, and later, Sultan of Muscat and Oman; Shaikh Said bin Maktum [Shaikh Saʻīd bin Maktūm bin Hasher Āl Maktūm], Ruler of Debai; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; commanding officers of various HMS ships, including HMS Lupin, HMS Folkestone, HMS Cyclamen, and HMS Shoreham.The Arabic language material consists of correspondence between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat and various representatives of the Government of Muscat and Oman (English translations are also included).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 102; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-102; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
5. ‘I. Saudiyeh. (3). Saudiyeh State Prisoners.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers relating to the reported murder of Ibn Hithlain [Nāyif bin Ḥithlayn] of the ’Ajmān tribe, and Ibn Lami of the Mutair [Muṭayr] tribe, and others, at the orders of the King of Saudi Arabia Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd)], at Hoffuf [Al Hufūf]. The file includes:Extracts from the Kuwait Intelligence Summaries for August 1933, October 1933, and November 1934, reporting the abductions and rumours of murders.A letter from the British Minister at Jedda, Andrew Ryan, to Sir John Simon, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 25 January 1934, concerning the veracity of reports of the murders, discussion with Ibn Saud’s adviser Faud Bey Hamza, and his reluctance to call Ibn Saud to account over the matter.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 13; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-11; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
6. Vol 77: Native Letters Inward
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of contemporaneous copies or summaries of letters received by the Resident in the Persian Gulf (usually based at Bushire but temporarily residing on the Island of Corgo, following an outbreak of the plague) from a number of East India Company native agents, including those at Shargah [Sharjah], Muscat, Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] and Shiraz. Named correspondents include Moollah Houssein [Mullā Husayn], Native Agent at Shargah, and Mirza Ally Ackbar [Mirza Ali Akbar], Native Agent at Shiraz. Most of these letters are in fact summaries (in the file they are referred to as 'substances') of letters, rather than complete copies of letters, which have been produced by a member of the Residency staff.In addition, there are a number of substances or extracts of letters from local rulers, including: Sultan bin Suggur [Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qāsimī, ruler of Ra's al-Khaymah and Sharjah]; Shaik Tahnun [Shaikh Tahnun bin Shakhbut Āl Nahyān] of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi]; and Saood bin Ally [Saud bin Ali], Governor of Burka [Barkā’, Oman].Subjects covered in this file include: the imprisonment of the Imam of Muscat's [Sa‘īd bin Sultān Āl Bū Sa‘īd's] son and nephew by Saood bin Ally; relations between Sultan bin Suggur and Shaik Tahnun; an outbreak of plague in Bushire; the British Government's alliance with the Imam of Muscat; the reported seizure by Sultan bin Suggur of three forts on the Batinah [Al-Bāṭinah] coast belonging to the Imam of Muscat.The file includes one item of outgoing correspondence: a copy of a letter (see ff 8-11), dated 25 May 1832, from Samuel Hennell, Assistant to the Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Charles Norris, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, in which Hennell recounts his recent visits to Sohar [Ṣuḥār], Sowek [As Suwayq], Burka and Muscat.Physical description: Pagination: There is an original but incomplete pagination sequence, which is written in ink, in the top outermost corners of each page.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio with content (i.e. text) and terminates at the last folio with content; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. This is the sequence which has been used by this catalogue to reference items within the file.
7. PZ 287/40 'Deportation from Persia into British Indian territory'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding the deportation of three Polish men (Oligierd Stolyho, Adam Backer and Josef Bekerman), one Lithuanian man (Bronistew Bogussewier), one Ukrainian man (Iwan Basileffsk) and one Russian woman (Tatiana Chinnova) from the Persian Border to British Indian territory at the beginning of the Second World War.The main correspondence is between:• the Government of India, External Affairs Department to Tehran• the Secretary of State for India• the Senior Assistant Director, Intelligence, Government of India, Quetta• the Director, Intelligence Bureau (Home Department), Government of India, Simla• the Secretary to the Agent to the Governor-General in Baluchistan, Ziarat• the Polish Consulate General in India• the Additional Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the External Affairs DepartmentDetailed are the British Indian Government’s concerns regarding national security leading to the arrest and detention of the group. Attributed to this is a belief that Bekerman is German and Jewish, and conflicting reports from Vernon Smith, an American woman who came in contact with the refugees. Also detailed is the Polish Consulate General in India’s wish to facilitate their release, and his assessment of their legitimacy once they had arrived in Bombay, India.Included are statements from the five men; preliminary (folios 3 to 7) and revised (folios 9 to 15) following alleged inconsistencies in the former, and a statement from Chinnova (folios 19 to 21). These contain personal information and include the motivations and circumstances which led to their arrival at the Persian border, and a description of items in their possession.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-49; these numbers are also written in pencil, and are not circled.
8. Aden and Mocha Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 19 of 1841, dated 27 March 1841. The enclosures are dated 19 January to 27 March 1841, and relate to Aden and Mocha. They mostly consist of copies of correspondence sent and received by the Government of Bombay.The main correspondents are the Secretary to the Government of Bombay (John Pollard Willoughby), the Political Agent at Aden (Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines), and the Secretary to the Government of India (Thomas Herbert Maddock).The enclosures discuss matters including:The proposal to station a body of fifty cavalry plus horses for two guns at AdenThe increase of ninety nine Rupees and eight annas per month to the staff budget of the Political Agent at Aden being sanctioned by the Governor General of India in CouncilThe plunder of the property of the Native Agent at Mocha, Abdool Russool [Abdul Rasool], stated to have been committed by the authorities at Mocha (also spelled Mokha in this part)The political state of affairs in the Interior of Aden and at MochaThe circumstances which induced the Political Agent at Aden to expel a Frenchman named Lombard and a Corsican named Mariani from the town of Aden, following reports made to the Political Agent by ‘natives’ from the Interior that the men had held private conference with the Sultan of Lahedge [Lahej]The Political Agent at Aden’s request for permission to send three Bedowin [Bedouin] prisoners to the Bombay Presidency, to be confined in one of the Presidency jails, as an example intended to deter others from pursuing a course hostile to the British Government.Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-23, on folios 520-523. These numbers are repeated for reference on the last verso of each enclosure.
9. General No. 30 of 1873, Forwarding Copies of Documents Relating to the Punishment of Several Pirates who Plundered the Cashmereand Steps Taken to Apprehend Those Still at Large and to Recover the Remaining Stolen Property
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a General Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 22 September 1873 and received by the India Office Political Department on 13 October 1873, forwarding copies of documents relating to the punishments inflicted upon several 'pirates' who plundered the British mail steamer Cashmere, and the steps taken with a view to secure the apprehension of those still at large, and to recover the remainder of the stolen property. Chiefly correspondence of the Political Agent in Turkish Arabia and HM Political Agent and Consul-General at Bagdad [Baghdad] relating to the death sentences and imprisonment of the 'pirates' involved. The despatch is in continuation of General No. 24 of 28 July 1873.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 695, and terminates at f 706, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains three foliation anomalies: f 695a, f 699a, and f 703a.
10. File 2879/1919 Pt 1 ‘MESOPOTAMIA Kurdistan: The Suleimanieh Outbreak’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item relates to the seizure of the ‘reins of government’ (f 283) in Suleimaniyeh [As Sulaymaniyah, also spelled Suleman Iyeh in this item], south Kurdistan, 25 May 1919, during an uprising led by Sheikh Mahmud [Shaikh Maḥmūd Barzanjī], and British military operations leading to the British Mesopotamian Army occupying the Suleimaniyeh Valley in June 1919. The papers notably cover:British concerns about the Kurdish independence movement, including the purported influence of the Turkish Committee of Union and Progress and Persian Kurdistan, and the potential of ‘unrest’ to spread to other parts of Kurdistan and into British controlled MesopotamiaThe capture and imprisonment of British officers and staff in Suleimaniyeh, including a list of the missing and interned officers and NCOs [Non-Commissioned Officers] (see ff 251 and 244)British intelligence, regarding the level of Mahmud’s personal as opposed to political ambitions, and casting doubt on the degree of local support for himThe concentration of British forces at Kerkouk [Kirkuk] and Chemchemal [Chamchamal] and the desire of the military and political authorities in Baghdad to ‘crush’ (f 255) Mahmud’s movement, recapture Suleimaniyeh, and occupy the Suleimaniyeh ValleyThe refusal to allow Sheikh Mahmud’s delegates in Aleppo to proceed to Paris to argue the cause of Kurdish independenceThe British forces’ capture of the Bazyan Pass, advance to Suleiman Iyeh, and collapse of the rising including the arrest of Sheikh MahmudDiscussions concerning the extension of the railway from Kizilrobat [Qizil Ribat, also spelled Kizil Robat in this item] northwards towards Suleimaniyah in order to facilitate the British advance and occupationRestoration of the civil administration in Suleimaniyah by the end of August 1919 and British hopes that Kurdish nationalism will dissipate following Sheikh Mahmud’s military trial and imprisonment in India serving a ten-year sentenceDiscussions in 1921 between the Colonial Office, India Office, High Commissioner for Iraq, and Viceroy of India, on the desirability of reducing the penal sanction against Sheikh Mahmud, and the eventual agreement by the High Commissioner of Iraq to arrange his relocation, under surveillance, in Kuwait [also spelled Koweit in this item].The primary correspondents are the: General Officer Commanding in Mesopotamia; War Office; India Office; Office of the High Commissioner for Mesopotamia (later Iraq); Secretary of State for the Colonies; Secretary to the Government of Bombay [Mumbai], Political Department; Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department; Political [Agent?], Baghdad; and General [Consul?], Baghdad.Physical description: 1 item (78 folios)
11. File 3136/1914 Pt 5 ‘German War. Turkey. Hodeida consuls incident’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers relating to the incarceration by Turkish authorities of the British Vice-Consul at Hodeida (also spelt Hodeidah) [Al-Ḥudaydah], George Alexander Richardson, Richardson’s wife, Mary Richardson, and the French Vice-Consul at Hodeida, Monsieur Roux, in the wake of the destruction of a Turkish cargo vessel in Hodeida harbour by the crew of HMS Minto, on 4 November 1914. The file includes:Papers detailing diplomatic efforts to secure the release of the three prisoners. Papers refer to the Italian Government’s protest to the Turkish Government over the incident in Hodeida, in which the Italian Consulate was raided by Turkish officers, and the efforts of the Italian Vice-Consulate at Hodeida, Cavaliere Gino Cecchi, to secure the release of the prisoners.Richardson’s account of his capture, incarceration, and subsequent release on 6 February 1915 (ff 62-86).Mary Richardson’s own account of events (ff 43-58).A draft note from Arthur Hirtzel of the India Office, addressed to the Secretary of State, conceding that HMS Mintohad been instructed to ‘proceed up the Red Sea & destroy Turkish steamers and dhows’, and that HMS Mintohad set fire to the Turkish vessel before the proclamation of war with Turkey was formally signed (f 60).Other subjects covered in the file include:Prior to Richardson’s incarceration, discussion between the Foreign Office and Government of India over the entrustment of British Indian interests at Hodeida to the port’s Italian Vice-Consul (ff, 151-154, ff 159-162).After Richardson’s release, the Italian Vice-Consul’s assumption of British consular affairs at Hodeida, and the approval of his work amongst Government officials and members of the Indian merchant community at Hodeida (ff 18-37).Correspondence amongst British officials dated 1916 and 1917, enquiring after the prospect of formally recognising the work done by foreign consular officials at Aden, particularly that of the Italian Vice-Consul at Hodeida (ff 2-14).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 162; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
12. File 334/1916 Pt 1 ‘German War – Persia. Shiraz Prisoners – Major O’Connor’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to the arrest at Shiraz by the Persian gendarmerie on 10 November 1915 of HM Consul at Shiraz (Major William Frederick Travers O’Connor), the Manager and other employees of the Imperial Bank of Persia at Shiraz, the Superintendent of the Shiraz section and other employees of the Indo-European Telegraph Department, and other British subjects.The papers also concern: the arrested British men being deported to Borazjun [Borazjan, also spelled Borasgun in the volume] with their wives and families, from where the female members of the group were sent to Bushire, and most of the men were moved to the neighbourhood of Ahram, where they were held prisoners of the Tangistani Khans and the German agent Wilhelm Wassmuss; negotiations for the release of the prisoners, including the possibility of the release of captured German or Austrian or Tangistani prisoners in exchange for the release of the British prisoners; the release of all the Ahram prisoners except Major O’Connor on 10 August 1916, and the subsequent release of Major O’Connor on 20 August 1916.The main correspondents include: the India Office; the Foreign Office; HM Minister, Tehran (Sir Charles Murray Marling); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Arthur Prescott Trevor); the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; Jess Christmas (whose husband, an official of the Indo European Telegraph Department, was one of the British subjects being held captive); and Livingstone Zeytoon and Company, Manchester.The papers consist of correspondence and India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers.The file includes three documents in French: a note verbale from the French Ambassador to London, Paul Cambon, 6 February 1916; a telegram from Aristide Briand, Prime Minister of France, to Cambon, 4 February 1916; and a note from the German Minister in Athens to the Greek Government, February 1916.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 262; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.