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1. 'Despatch from Sir M. Durand respecting appointment of Additional Consular Officers in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a despatch concerning the appointment of additional consular officers in Persia, from Henry Mortimer Durand, the British Minister at Tehran, to Robert Arthur Cecil, the Marquess of Salisbury.Durand reiterates suggestions previously given in 1895 regarding the state of affairs in Persia, and proposals for improving the strength of the British position. He also submits further suggestions which form part of a general scheme of policy, based upon examination of the current state of affairs in Persia in 1899. The principal changes which have taken place since 1895 are outlined regarding: succession, government, finance, Russian trade and political influence, and British trade.Diplomatic, Political and Consular staff in Persia are listed with costings, and suggestions are provided for places where the appointment of consular officers would be desirable, including the limits of their districts and an estimate of expenditure which the appointments would entail. He also proposes to: improve roads and possibly prospect for a railway, utilise the Telegraph Department and organise it for political purposes, grant a loan to Persia to foster goodwill, and check Russian encroachments.The file notes the enclosure of a sketch map; however this is not present and has not been bound into the file.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 99, and terminates at f 107, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
2. 'Cable Communication: Landing Rights for the Cables of the Indo-European Telegraph Department in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum concerns various agreements — between the British and Persian Governments — relating to telegraphic communications between India and Europe via Persia. It outlines the landing rights that the Indo-European Telegraph Department has at Bushire and Jask. It also includes copies of a number of agreements and conventions signed between the two states, which are as follows:agreement for the construction of a telegraph line from Khanakeen [Khānaqīn] to Bushire, dated December 1862 (ff 25v-26);convention for an additional wire between Bushire and Khanikin [Khānaqīn] for the exclusive use of international messages, ratified 1 May 1866 (ff 26v-28);convention for the construction of a telegraph line between Guadur [Gwādar] and a point between Jask and Bendar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās], ratified 25 August 1868 (ff 28v-29);convention for the erection of a third wire between Tehran and Bushire, and the replacement of wooden poles with iron ones, ratified 31 March 1873 (ff 29-31);the Jask agreement to extend the territory of the telegraph establishment, dated 25 February 1887.Also included in the memorandum is a letter (folio 26) from the Persian Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Governor of Bushire dated 18 May 1863, which orders the construction of a telegraph station at Bushire for the use of the British.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 24, and terminates at f 32, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. ‘MAP TO ILLUSTRATE THE TELEGRAPH LINES OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT AND CONNECTED SYSTEMS’
- Description:
- Abstract: The map illustrates the telegraph lines operated by the Indo-European Telegraph Department and connected systems across Persia, the Persian Gulf, Iraq, and Baluchistan. It also includes railway lines (dashed lines) and wireless stations (triangles). A reference key is provided, but no scale is given.The map was heliographed by the Survey of India Offices in Calcutta as per the printing statement ‘S.I.O., CALCUTTA’.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 223 x 343mm
4. ‘Skeleton Map of Telegraph Lines in Persia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The map shows telegraph lines in Persia [Iran]. It includes a key indicating the lines and symbols on the map, which correspond to the following: telegraph lines of the Indo-European Telegraph Department and the Indo-European Telegraph Company; Persian Administration telegraph lines; British Consulates General; Russian Consulates General; British Vice Consulates; Russian Vice Consulates; British Consulates; and Russian Consulates.The map is signed ‘R.C. Barker Director [Director of the Indo-European Telegraph Department]’. It is an enclosure to a despatch from Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Tehran, to the Foreign Office, regarding the appointment of additional consular officers in Persia [Iran], dated 12 February 1899 (folios 179-188 of Mss Eur F111/350).Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 290 x 378mm, on sheet 329 x 432mm
5. 'Memorandum on the Indo-European Telegraph Department and Narrative of Events to the end of 1898'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum concerns telegraphic communication between Britain and India, with a particular focus on the telegraph lines routed via the Persian Gulf region, and therefore the Indo-European Telegraph Company. It was authored by Benjamin Traill Ffinch, Director-in-Chief of the Indo-European Telegraph Department; a department of the Government of India.It outlines how the telegraph lines through the Persian Gulf developed over time, and the concessions granted by various governments to permit their establishment. It also notes how charges have varied over time, and how various international telegraph conferences have affected them. It also explains the rise of competition — over traffic to India — between the Indo-European Telegraph and the Eastern Telegraph companies, and how this led to the signing of the Joint Purse Agreement between them. It also explains that the interests of the Indo-European Telegraph Company and the Indo-European Telegraph Department have diverged. It therefore claims that the prevailing circumstances make it very difficult for the Government of India to push down prices.An appendices section is included with the following content:'No. 1 Convention between Great Britain and Turkey for the establishment of Telegraphic communication between India and the Ottoman Territory'. 3 September 1864, ff 7-8;'No. 2 Memorandum on Tariffs between Europe and India', f 8v;'No. 3 Tariffs to India and beyond from 1863 to present time', f 9;'No. 4 Statement showing Traffic Receipts of Departments from October 1864 to 31st March 1898', ff 9v-10.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original pagination sequence.
6. 'Memorandum on the Financial Obligations of the British, Indian and Persian Governments respectively in relation to Telegraph Lines in Persia.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a memorandum concerning the financial obligations of the British, Indian and Persian Governments respectively in relation to telegraph lines in Persia. The memorandum is divided into sections as follows:Jask royalty and claims for wilful damage (the claims in question being against the Persian Government);Central Persia line;Henjam-Bunder Abbas [Henjān-Bandar-e ʻAbbās] line;Arabistan [Khūzestān] telegraph lines reconstruction;Robat-Seistan [Robāţ-e Meshkī-Sīstān-e Balūchestān] line;Kerman-Bunder Abbas line.Each section provides details of the costs of construction of the line(s) in question, plus the amount payable by the Persian Government. For some of the lines, details of costs incurred by other bodies, such as HM Treasury, the Foreign Office, and the India Office, are included.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 211, and terminates at f 216, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
7. Foreign Office Papers: Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises printed Foreign Office correspondence relating to Persia [Iran], covering geopolitical, political, economic, social and cultural matters. The despatches are dated 7 July 1897-22 September 1898.The first page of each despatch includes the heading ‘ASIA. CONFIDENTIAL.’ on the top left, and the day and month of the despatch in square brackets on the top right e.g. ‘[July 7.]’. The letters in each despatch are numbered, e.g. No. 1, followed, where relevant, by numbered enclosures (spelled ‘inclosure’ in the volume), e.g. ‘Inclosure in No. 1.’ or ‘Inclosure 1 in No. 2.’. A few of the letters from Charles Hardinge, First Secretary, Tehran, to Persian Government ministers are in French.The item notably covers and includes:The financial difficulties of the Persian Government including: negotiations for foreign loans to the Persian Government, notably a proposed loan of forty million francs by Messrs Solomon Oppenheim of Paris and Cologne on the security of the customs revenues of the southern ports of Persia, and proposed Russian loans (including a copy of a draft agreement, in French, presented to the Persian Government by the Russian Legation, ff 375-376); and loans negotiated with the Imperial Bank of Persia, notably a loan of fifty-thousand pounds secured by control of the customs revenue of Bushire [Bushehr] and KermanshahAffairs relating to the Persian Mint and its relations with the Imperial Bank of PersiaThe murder of Mr Graves, a commissioned officer of the Indo-European Telegraph Department, at Karwan in southern Persia, the indemnity demanded from the Persian Government by the British Government, measures taken for the arrest and punishment of the murderers, and arrangements for the future protection of the telegraph line and company employeesFactionalism, internecine strife, and changes in personnel within the Persian Government and Cabinet, including the dismissal of the Sadr-i-Azam [Ṣadr A‘ẓam, Prime Minister] in June 1898The assassination of Sheikh Mizal [Shaikh Miz’al Khān], Governor of Muhammerah [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah], and recognition of Sheikh Khazal [Shaikh Khas’al bin Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka’bī, also spelled Khasal in this item] as the new GovernorAn attack on Koweit [Kuwait] by the Persian Sheikh Yussuf Ibrahim [Shaikh Yūsuf Ibrāhīm]The state of affairs in Azerbaijan and TabrizThe state of affairs in Persian Beluchistan [Balochistan]Rumours of a raid by members of the Shahsavend [Shahsavan] tribe into Russian territory allegedly killing twenty-five CossacksConstruction of the (Gulf of) Enzeli-Kazvin Road [Bandar-e Anzali-Qazvin], involving a concession by the Persian Government to the Russian Insurance and Transport CompanyRusso-Persian relations notably following the Russian doctors and Cossack escort forced upon the Persian Government against their willMilitary news and reportsThe persecution of Jews in Ispahan [Isfahan] and in Lar, including British official protests and concern to protect British Jews at those placesDisturbances at Charbar [Chabahar] and Jask and the deputation of (British) Indian troops to those placesThe construction of a road from Ahwaz [Ahvaz] to Ispahan and from Shuster [Shushtar] to Ispahan, and agreement of Messrs Lynch Brothers with Ali Guli Khan [Alī -Qulī Khān Sirdār Asad Bakhtiyārī] and others (ff 310-311), guaranteed by the Persian GovernmentA report by HM Consul in Ispahan on his journey to Kermanshah and Tehran, in connection with the question of the disputed properties of the British Agent at Kermanshah (ff 325-327)A report by Captain G S Elliot, HM Vice-Consul at Van, of a journey across the Persian frontier and reporting generally on state of affairs on both sides of the [Persian and Turkish] border (ff 362-368), notably covering the activities of Armenians in Van, and the Russian Mission to Nestorian Christians in Urumiah [Urmia or Orumiyeh]An insurrection in Yemen and the deployment of five to six thousand Ottoman troops to repress itA report of a journey across a part of Persian Baluchistan [Balochistan] by Captain Percy Molesworth Sykes (ff 400-401).The primary correspondents are: the Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary; Charles Hardinge, First Secretary, Tehran; Sir Philip Currie, Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire; Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran; the Imperial Bank of Persia; the India Office; and the Foreign Office. Enclosures are chiefly: correspondence of British diplomatic officials in the Middle East, notably William Loch, Consul-General at Bagdad [Baghdad]; reports and monthly summaries from Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Philip Picot, Military Attaché at Tehran; and occasional letters from Persian Government ministers.Physical description: 1 volume (215 folios)
8. General No. 26 of 1874, Inviting the Attention of HM Government to Article II of the Telegraph Convention with the Persian Government, Concluded on 2 December 1872, and Expressing a Hope that the Persian Government May be Moved to Take Steps to Ensure Due Protection of British Officers Employed in Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of a copy of a General Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 11 August 1874 and received by the India Office Political Department on 7 August 1874, inviting the attention of HM Government to Article II of the Telegraph Convention with the Persian [Iranian] Government, concluded on 2 December 1872, and expressing a hope that the Persian Government may be moved to take steps to ensure due protection of British officers employed in Persia. The Despatch is in reference to a letter of 12 June 1874 addressed by the Director-in-Chief of the Indo-European Government Telegraph Department to the Under-Secretary of State for India, regarding murderous attacks on employees of the Telegraph Staff in Persia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 364, and terminates at f 364a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly, f 364a.
9. Coll 28/25 ‘Persia. Relations with H.M.G. Negotiations re Mirjawa – Duzdap line etc.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence exchanged between the Department of Industries and Labour of the Government of India, the British Legation at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive; Raymond Cecil Parr), and India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), concerning the status of the Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh] to Duzdap [Zahedan] telegraph line in Persia [Iran], chiefly used by the North Western Railway, in light of the Indo-European Telegraph Department’s withdrawal from Persia, and the handing over of telegraph cables and stations in Persia to the Persian Government. The correspondence discusses if a clause regarding the Mirjawa to Duzdap telegraph line should be inserted into the agreement for the transfer of telegraph operations, under negotiation between the British and Persian Governments.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 37; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
10. Coll 28/26 ‘Relations with H.M.G. Importation of Stores for I.E.T.D. Staff’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to food and supply shortages suffered by staff of the Indo-European Telegraph Department manning telegraph stations along the Persian coast of the Persian Gulf. The file’s principal correspondents include the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), Imperial and International Communications Limited (J O Stevens Perry), the British Legation at Tehran (Charles Dodd, Lacy Baggallay, Reginald Hervey Hoare), and the Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter, George William Rendel). The shortages were a result of the introduction by the Persian Government of a Trade Monopoly Law, banning the import of goods into Persia without goods of equivalent value being exported in the opposite direction. The correspondence focuses on the wording of the Telegraphs Agreement under negotiation between the British and Persian Governments, classification of official stores, and the issue of import licenses for supplies. The file includes lists of the private stores (ff 119-122) and official stores (ff 109-112) for staff of Imperial and International Communications Limited, based at telegraph stations in Bushire, Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Jask, and Charbar [Chabahar].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 138; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
11. Coll 28/27 ‘Persia. Relations with H.M.G. Delay + mutilation of telms for Tehran Legation. Suggested alternative arrangements.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence exchanged between the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter; George William Rendel), and the British Legetation at Tehran (Raymond Cecil Parr), concerning the desire to retain a British telegraphist at Tehran after the withdrawal of the Indo-European Telegraph Department from Persia [Iran], in order to maintain a high degree of accuracy in telegrams sent from Tehran and London via Bushire. An alternative option discussed in the papers is the transmission of confidential correspondence between Bushire and Tehran by air mail, using the Junkers Air Service.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 30; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
12. File 3414/1906 Pt 5 'Telegraphs:- N. Persia. Tehran-Khanikan line; Tehran-Shahrud line; I. E. Tel. Dept's undertakings in N. Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters and other papers, mainly between the UK Foreign Office Government of India officials, reporting on the proposed telegraph lines Tehran-Khanikin and Tehran-Shahrud. Also discussed is the Indo-European Telegraph Department's undertakings in Persia and German enquiries regarding the concession. The file includes (ff 43-46) the proposed agreement between Imperial Russian and the Persian Government and the Indo-European Telegraph Company.Correspondents include: Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, British ambassador to Persia; Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 211; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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