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73. 'Inter-departmental conference on Middle Eastern affairs. Secretary's note: situation in Kurdistan'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a note in which the struggle for Kurdish independence within Iraq is detailed, taking into account the occurrences of the year 1919. The document covers the following:Kurdish concerns regarding being under the control of the ArmeniansKurdish appeals to the British government for support in the formation of their own statethe hostilities which exist between the Kurdish and Turkish peoplesreligious tensions between Muslims and Christians in the areathe mixed feelings that those living in Mesopotamia have towards the British and their involvement in the areaacts of violence towards British officials in Mesopotamia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 71, and terminates at f 73, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
74. 'Vol 188 1854/55 Arabian Coast and Muscat; Accounts and General'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence to and from Arnold Burrowes Kemball, the Resident in the Persian Gulf based at Bushire. The correspondents include William Taylor Thompson (Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Persia), Meerza Hussein Ali Khan (the Governor of Bushire), George Robinson (the Commander of the Persian Gulf Squadron), Henry Lacon Anderson (Secretary to the Bombay Government) and Said bin Sultan (the Imam of Muscat).Correspondence between Kemball and Britain's native agents in Shiraz, Muscat, Sharjah and Lingah [Bandar Lengeh] is also contained in the file.The file contains several translations of intelligence reports sent to Kemball at the Residency from an agent employed by the British in Shiraz. The correspondence and the intelligence reports discuss regional political developments, trade and relations between the British and the Persian court.A list of those wounded and killed in an affray between the Boo Sumait and Al Ali Tribes in September 1854 is contained on folio 204.Physical description: Condition: A bound letter book.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two original pagination sequences run between ff 1A-209 and ff 212-226; these numbers are written in ink, but are not circled, and can be found in the top left and top right corner of the verso and recto side of each folio respectively.The file contains the following foliation errors: 1 and 1A
75. 'Memoranda from Dispatches from Mr Willock H. M. Chargé d'Affaires at the Court of Persia, to Viscount Castlereagh'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of a memorandum on the dispatches from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires at the Court of Persia [Iran] in Tehran, to Viscount Castlereagh [Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry], Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Specific dispatches are referenced in the margin and are numbered and dated between 13 July 1817 and 14 May 1818. Appended to the end of the memorandum are copies of some of the correspondence referenced.The memorandum principally concerns relations between Russia and Persia their impact upon British interests. Specific matters covered include:The Russian Embassy of General Yermolew [Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov] and negotiations for peace between the two powersThe suggestion that the allegiance of the Pachalik of Bagdad [Pashalik of Baghdad] lies more with Persia than the Ottoman PorteThe status of places such as Georgia and Ghilan [Gilan] Province in light of the ongoing negotiations between Russia and PersiaThe Imaum [Imam] of Muscat’s desire for Persian assistance in his attempt to take Bahrein [Bahrain]The presence of diplomatic agents from Scind [Sindh] at the Persian CourtWillock’s recommendation to the notice of Castlereagh of Mr Campbell [Dr James D Campbell], surgeon of the Bombay Medical Establishment, and his subsequent death on 23 March 1818A note on the design and colour of flags being flown by vessels in the Persian Gulph [Persian Gulf]The campaign of Mahomed Ali Pacha [Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā al-Mas‘ūd bin Āghā] against the Wahabees [Wahhābī]The dismissal of French officers from service in the Persian ArmyThe request of Prince of Kermanshah, Mahomed Ali Mirza [Muḥammad-‘Alī Mīrzā Dawlatšāh], for arms and military officers from the BritishThe Shah’s [Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh Qājār] determination to send an ambassador to London.Physical description: 1 item (25 folios)
76. 'Memorandum respecting Koweit'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is a memorandum concerning Koweit [Kuwait] written by Foreign Office official, R V Harcourt [Robert Venables Vernon Harcourt].The memorandum is divided up as follows:General Narrative - Turkish Activity - Understandings with Turkey and Germany;Koweit Boundary;Political Agent;Koweit Flag;Koweit Post Office;General Policy.The memorandum discusses Britain's position in Koweit and the development of Britain's relationship with Kuwait's ruler, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ.The appendix to the memorandum (folios 11r-12) contains a copy of an agreement signed between the British Government and Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ of Kuwait in January 1899, a translation of a letter sent to Mubārak by Lieutenant-Colonel Meade [Malcolm John Meade] in January 1899 and a copy of a memorandum regarding Koweit written for the Foreign Office by the Marquess of Lansdowne [Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne] in March 1902.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this memorandum and appendix commences at f 6, and terminates at f 12, as they are part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
77. 'Memorandum on British Commitments to King Husein'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed memorandum outlining British commitments made to King Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] compiled by the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office. The memorandum is split into seven sections as follows: 'General Guarantees against the Restoration of the status quo'; 'Guarantees regarding the Moslem [Muslim] Holy Places'; 'Boundaries of Arab Independence'; 'Foreign Administration of Irak [Iraq], Syria and Palestine'; 'Relation of Sherif Husein to Great Britain'; 'Sheif Husein's Title'; and 'The Caliphate'. References to various sources, including Foreign Office correspondence, the Meccan El Qibla[al-Qiblah] newspaper and La Verité sur la question syrienne(Fourth Turkish Army Command: Stamboul, 1916), are made in the text and in footnotes.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 102 and terminates at folio 111, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
78. 'Memorandum on British Commitments to Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed memorandum by the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office concerning British commitments to Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud)] in the context of the First World War. The memorandum gives an overview of British and Turkish relations, including various treaties with Ibn Saud between 1913 and 1916, as well as 'Relation of Commitments to Bin Saud to British Disiderata', including 'Demarcation of Territories', 'Keeping of the Peace' and 'Dynastic Guarantee'. There is an appendix (folio 129) which includes the text of the treaty of 26 December 1915 signed by Ibn Saud and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 122 and terminates at folio 129, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
79. 'Memorandum on Bahrein'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum, produced by the Foreign Office, dated 13 Jan 1947, deals with the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from the point of view of the political status of the islands at various periods and dates since 1783, and contains copies of related correspondence and discussions. The principal authorities quoted in the memorandum are listed on folio 1v and appear as references in the right or left hand margin. The memorandum includes an index on folio 1r and a list of appendices on folio 1v. The index contains the the following sections:Geographical situation;Bahrein priot to 1783;1783-1820;1820-30;1830-40;1840-50;1850-61;1861-67;Discussion and Incidents, 1868-70;1870-80;1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government;1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;1913-34;Summary (A. Claims to or assertions of soverignty over Bahrein, 1783 to 1934. B. Basis of the Persian claim. C. Attitude of His Majesty's Government, 1820-1934);Reference to Law Officers of the Crown;Independent Status of Bahrein;1934-46 (Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein; Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endoresments of Bahrein; Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi Arabian Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein; The Liabilities of His Majesty's Government in the Persian Gulf; Treatment of Bahreinis in Persia; Bahrein Nationality and Property Laws; Treatment of Persians in Bahrein; Postal Services between Persian and Bahrein; Persian Government decree regarding import of Petroleum Products from Bahrein; Remarks of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Ambassador; Recent references to Bahrein in the Persian Press).The memorandum is marked 'Confidential' and 'The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
80. 'Memorandum by the Political Secretary, India Office, on German press opinion regarding the Middle East'
- Description:
- Abstract: This document outlines Germany's intentions to conduct economic dealings in Turkey, in particular through the importing and exporting of goods. The writer, Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel, explores the opinions of the press regarding the correct way to implement such procedures in Turkey, and discusses the likely shift in international relations and the balance of power (particularly between Britain, Russia and Germany) should Germany succeed in its economic ambitions. Hirtzel also discusses the new tariff which has just been introduced to Turkey.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 15, and terminates at f 17, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
81. 'Memorandum by Sir M Durand on the situation in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This memorandum was created on the 27 September 1895 by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, Minister Plenipotentiary to Tehran, and printed for the use of the Foreign Office in December 1895. It outlines the current situation in Persia [Iran] and the steps which should be taken to improve the position of the English in the country. The memorandum is 16 pages long and includes appendices totalling a further 26 pages. The main points discussed in the memorandum are as follows:financial concerns including the depreciation of the currency and the proposed reform of the currency;the perceived character of the Persian people;concerns over the behaviour of the Shah and his sons and the inevitable succession;the relationships of the country with foreign powers;the perceived influence of the English and the Russians in Persia;the attitude of the Persian Government towards the British Government and officialsreforms;the delimitation of the Perso-Baluch frontier.The appendices contain:1. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Picot, of the 31 August 1895, enclosing 'Part I, Notes of Persian Administration' and 'Part II, Proposals for Reform of the Central Administration of Government.'2. Note by Nawab Hasan Ali Khan on the 'Descent, Biography and Character of Ali Asghar Khan, Sadr-I-Azam'.3. 'List of the Total Revenues of Persia' by Nawab Hasan Ali Khan.4. Memorandum by Lieutenant-Colonel Picot on 'Past and Present Policy in Persia'5. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Picot, of the 1 July, 1895, enclosing a Memorandum on the 'News Agencies of Central Asia and the Caucasus' and Notes on the Resht and Tabriz Consulates.6. Private letter of the 24 June, 1895, from Nawab Hasan Ali Khan.Physical description: 21 folios
82. 'Minute by His Excellency the Viceroy on Russian Ambitions in Eastern Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a Minute by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy and Governor-General of India in Council regarding Russian ambitions in Eastern Persia. These include: the absorption of Persia, the connection of Russian territories by railway with the Indian Ocean, and the acquisition of a fortified naval base in the Persian Gulf.Curzon examines how far Russian ambitions would negatively affect British interests, and how far they should either be acquiesced or opposed.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 132, and terminates at f 134, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
83. 'Second memorandum, by the Political Secretary, India Office, on German press opinion regarding the Middle East. April and May'
- Description:
- Abstract: This second memorandum by Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel uses press reports to present a general view of the current situation in Turkey with regard to German involvement in the country. Various topics are discussed including the new currency, Turkish nationalism, the Deutsche-Türkisch Vereinigung [German-Turkish Association] annual conference and language laws.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 18, and terminates at f 21, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
84. 'Memorandum on British Commitments (during the War) to the Gulf Chiefs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed memorandum by the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office concerning British commitments during the First World War to autonomous or independent Arab rulers of the Persian Gulf, including the Sultan of Maskat [Muscat], the Trucial Chiefs of Oman (that is, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Ra's al-Khaymah, Ajman, etc.), and the Sheikhs of Katar [Qatar], Bahrein [Bahrain], Koweit [Kuwait] and Mohammerah [Muḥammarah / Khorramshahr]. The memorandum includes the following sections: 'Collective Assurances'; 'Assurances to the Sheikh of Mohammerah' [Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī]; 'Assurances to the Sheikh of Koweit' [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ, Jābir bin Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ from 1915 to 1917, and Sālim bin Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ from 1917 onwards]; 'Treaty with the Sheikh of Katar' [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī]; and 'Relation of Commitments (during the War) to the Gulf Chiefs to British Disiderata'. References are made in the text and footnotes to various treaties and correspondences. A section of appendices (folios 148v-149v) includes the text of a treaty with the Sheikh of Qatar, dated 3 November 1916; a translation of a letter addressed by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to Sheikh Abdullah [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], dated 3 November 1916; and a proclamation by Sheikh Abdullah regarding the Arms Traffic, dated 6 Moharram [Muḥarram] 1335 [3 November 1916].Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 143 and terminates at folio 149, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 11-158; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.