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97. 'Muscat. Question whether a naval station could be established for use by His Majesty's ships at Khor Quwai or elsewhere in Muscat territory compatibly with the existing international agreements of His Majesty's Government'.
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed India Office report was written by John Gilbert Laithwaite and published in November 1934. It aims 'to examine, with particular reference to the proposal which has been put forward to establish a station at Khor Quwai [Khawr Quway] in the Musandim Peninsula, the history of the Declaration of 1862 by which France and Great Britain undertook to respect the independence of Muscat, and its effect, and that other existing treaty provisions, on the right of H.M. Government (subject to the consent of the Sultan of Muscat) to establish a naval station in Muscat territory.'The documents include a short note on the status of the Musandam Peninsula. It lists key treaty engagements between the Sultan of Muscat and His Majesty's Government with relevant extracts including:British Treaty of Commerce of 1839 with Muscat, Article 2;Treaty of Commerce between France and Muscat, 1844, Article 3;Anglo-French Declaration of 10th March 1862;British Treaty of Commerce of 1891 with Muscat, Article 4;Exclusive Agreement of the Sultan of Muscat with H.M. Government, 1891.Further sections are:Muscat and France, 1770-1934;British Connection with Muscat, 1770 to 1934;The Anglo-French Declaration of 1862: its importance in Muscat Policy, and the interpretations which have been placed on it.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: The booklet also contains an original typed pagination sequence.
98. 'Treaty with the Idrisi Saiyid. No 33A of 1915. Government of India Foreign and Political Department'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a 'Treaty of Friendship and Goodwill' and is signed by David George Levigne Shaw, the Political Resident in Aden, on behalf of the British Government, and by Saiyid Mustafa bin Saiyid Abdu'l 'Ali on the part of His Eminence Saiyid Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Idris, the Idrisi Saiyid and Amir of Sabia and its environs. The document is also signed by Harold Fenton Jacob, First Assistant Resident in Aden. The Treaty seeks to unite the British Government and the Idrisi Saiyid against Turkish [Ottoman] incursions in Aden and Yemen more generally. Though the main focus of the document is the provision of diplomatic and moral support, paragraph 7 of the Treaty confirms that the British Government will support the Idrisi against Turkey through the supplication of 'funds and munitions'.The Treaty is prefaced by two letters: one signed by various government officials including the Viceroy of India, and one written by David George Levigne Shaw. Both letters provide their opinions on the Treaty.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 114, and terminates at f 115, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
99. 'Note by Sir A Lyall on affairs in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: In this printed memorandum, Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall outlines his concerns relating to recent reforms in Persia implemented by the Shah under the guidance of Sir Henry Drummond Wolff. Consideration is given to:the 'general and indefinite' nature of the recent decree and the lack of measures in place to uphold itthe public perception of the Persian Governmentthe possible negative impact on the reputation of the English if the reforms fail or prove unpopularEnglish-Russian relations; in particular their conflicting ideas regarding governance and reform in Persia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences and terminates at f 11 as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, is circled, and is located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.
100. 'Synopsis of our Obligations to our Allies and Others'
- Description:
- Abstract: In this document, the author outlines the basic details of agreements, treaties and general obligations which exist between Britain and the following countries and individuals towards the end of the First World War (1914-1918):France;Italy;Russia;Roumania [Romania];King of Hedjaz;Japan;China;Belgium;Serbia;Portugal;Greece;Sweden;Holland;Switzerland;'the Poles';'the Jews';Jugo-Slavs;Czecho-Slovaks;Albanians;Armenians;Persia;Afghanistan.The document was printed for the War Cabinet in 1918 by the Foreign Office, and is initialled by 'H G N' whose full name is unknownFollowing the synopsis of relations between Britain and other international powers, there is a table between folios 139v-144 which details the 'war aims' of the Americans, British, French, Italians, Russians, Austrians, Germans and Turkish relating to various 'issues', and notes the degree of agreement between the aforementioned countries on these issues. The 'terms' of each country which are noted in the document are often taken from speeches or statements made by their leaders. In the middle of the table are three maps (ff 141-143) which reflect the details of some of the agreements mentioned in the synopsis.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 136, and terminates at f 144, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
101. 'Précis of the Affairs of the Persian Coast and Islands, 1854-1905 By J A Saldanha, BA LL B'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is a collection of correspondence about the Persian Coast, selected by Jerome A Saldanha and printed in Simla in 1906.The volume is divided into twelve chapters:Internal Affairs, with list of officials and events (folios 7-16);Claims of the Imam of Maskat [Muscat] to the islands of Kishm, Angaum and Ormuz and the town of Bandar Abbas and its dependencies (folios 17-30);Anglo-Persian War of 1856-57. British Expedition to the Persian Gulf and Karun River (folios 31-34);Various attempts made to establish Persian influence in the Persian Gulf, 1887-1905 (folios 35-39);Residency appointments, establishments, and guards and buildings on the Persian Coast and Islands (folios 40-49);British extra-territorial jurisdiction on the Persian Coast and Islands (folios 50-62);Questions of Status (folios 63-69);Claims of British subjects and protegés against the Persian Government and Officials and Persian subjects (folios 70-80);Certain miscellaneous affairs with regard to British relations with Persia (folios 81-87);Infringement of British Commercial Rights (folios 88-94);Introduction of Belgian Customs Administration and new Tariff, 1900-1905 (folios 95-100);Persian interference with the British Postal arrangements (folios 101-103).Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
102. 'File XXII 4 Koweit relations with Bahrain.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to Kuwaiti relations with Bahrain from 1906 to 1920.The discussion in the volume relates to:a note of a conversation between the Resident and Shaikh Mubarak [Shaikh Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] of Kuwait concerning Nasir bin Mobarak bin al Khalifa the 'outlaw relative' of Shaikh Isa of Bahrain [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah];reported expulsion of Jews from Bahrain;Bahraini political exiles;Shaikh Mubarak's visit to Bahrain, 1911;A note by Acting Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia, Arnold Talbot Wilson, entitled 'Note on History of Zubara and Claims of Shaikh of Bahrein to Zubara', which includes (folio 44) a small sketch map illustrating the remarks in this note.Included in the volume (folios 33-34) is a copy in Arabic and English translation of the letter of Nasir bin Mobarak bin al-Khalifa, Chief of the Al Abdullah branch of the Al Khalifa family of Bahrain to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. Also included is a map (folio 44) prepared by the Acting Civil Commissioner for Mesopotamia, Arnold Talbot Wilson, to illustrate his 'Note on History of Zubara and Claims of Shaikh of Bahrein to Zubara'.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Percy Zachariah Cox and later, Francis Beville Prideaux; the Political Agent, Kuwait, Stuart George Knox; the Acting Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia, Arnold Talbot Wilson; the Political Agent, Bahrain, David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 53; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 2-52, and ff 3-39; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
103. '1899. THE LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON. CORRESPONDENCE WITH SECRETARY OF STATE, LORD SALISBURY, & A. GODLEY.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume comprises printed copies of correspondence, dated 22 January 1898-29 December 1899, of Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy and Governor-General of India, with Lord Salisbury [Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury], Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and Sir John Arthur Godley, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India.The beginning of the volume contains a detailed index of names, places and subjects (ff 3-21). This is followed by correspondence from Lord Salisbury and Arthur Godley to Lord Curzon, numbered 1-78 (ff 22-180) and correspondence from Lord Curzon to Lord Salisbury and Godley, numbered 1-66 (ff 185-354).A wide variety of subjects are covered, including matters relating to:Afghanistan, including the Amir [Amīr ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Khān] and Russian relations with AfghanistanThe Army in IndiaThe Persian Gulf, particularly the traffic of arms and the activities of other European powers in the regionBritish policy and political relations in India, including Native StatesHealth and disease, particularly plagueChina, including Russian activity in the country and China's claims over TibetFinancial and administrative mattersEcclesiastical affairs in IndiaEducation in IndiaFamine in IndiaBritish relations with France, including negotiations regarding Siam [Thailand] and AfricaProposals for and construction and extension of railways in British India, Persia, Afghanistan, and ChinaRecommendations and awards of Honours of the United Kingdom to the British Indian Army and Government and to indigenous Indian rulers and dignitariesJudicial affairs in IndiaThe Koweit [Kuwait] Protectorate, including relations with TurkeyMuscat, namely British policy in the region and relations with France, Germany, and RussiaBritish policy in Persia [Iran]British relations with Russia notably in connection with India, Persia, Afghanistan, China and TibetThe prospect of war in the Transvaal [South African Republic]TradeAgriculture.Folio 182 is a newspaper cutting. There is no date and it is not certain which publication it has been taken from. The contents of the article appear unrelated to that of anything in the volume and thus it is likely that it has been misfiled.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 354; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Pagination: the volume also contains two original printed pagination sequences.
104. '1901. THE LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON. TELEGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume comprises printed copies of telegraphic correspondence, dated 1 January-30 December 1901, of Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy and Governor-General of India, with Lord George Hamilton, Secretary of State for India.The beginning of the volume contains a detailed index of names, places and subjects (ff 3-14). This is followed by telegrams from the Secretary of State to Lord Curzon, numbered 1-428 (ff 15-72) and telegrams from Lord Curzon to the Secretary of State, numbered 1-461 (ff 74-150).Much of the correspondence covers subjects related to British India, including:The Indian Army and military mattersFrontiers, and the creation of a new Frontier ProvinceFinancial and administrative mattersMilitary and civil appointmentsLocal affairs in various Provinces and Princely StatesConstruction and management of railwaysManagement of telegraphic communicationsThe Famine Commission following the Indian famine of 1899-1900The establishment of a prisoner of war camp at Ahmednagar for prisoners from the War in the Transvaal [Second Boer War]Proposals from the Bishop of Calcutta for re-organising the Anglican Church in India, including raising his see to an ArchbishopricRecommendations and awards of Honours of the United Kingdom to members of the British Indian Army and Government and to indigenous Indian rulers and dignitariesMatters relating to the activities of the Viceroy of India.Other subjects covered include matters relating to:The Aden Protectorate, including the delimitation of the Aden boundary and relations with Turkey [the Ottoman Empire]Afghanistan, including the death of the Amir [‘Abd al-Raḥmān Khān], relations with Russia, and the import of German armamentsBritish Burma [Myanmar]China, including the Boxer Rebellion [Yihetuan Movement]Hostilities between Nejd [Najd] and Koweit [Kuwait], and considerations of a potential British protectorate over KoweitMuscat and Oman, including French activities at MuscatPersia [Iran], including Russian influence and a proposed British loanTibet, including unsuccessful attempts by Curzon to make contact with the Dalai LamaThe progress of the War in the TransvaalThe death of Queen Victoria, and memorial arrangements in India and the UKA dispute between the India Office and professors at Cooper’s Hill College [the Royal Indian Engineering College] over proposed reforms.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 150; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Pagination: the volume also contains two original pagination sequences.
105. '1903. THE LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON. CORRESPONDENCE WITH SECRETARY OF STATE, Mr. BALFOUR, LORD LANSDOWNE, SIR A. GODLEY, &c.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume comprises printed copies of correspondence, dated 1 January-31 December 1903, of Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy and Governor-General of India, principally with Lord George Hamilton, Secretary of State for India, Arthur James Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Lord Lansdowne [Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne], Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The letters were printed by the press of the Private Secretary to the Viceroy.The beginning of the volume contains a detailed index of names, places and subjects (ff 3-29). This is followed by letters to Lord Curzon, numbered 1-90 (ff 30-194) and letters from Lord Curzon, numbered 1-96 (ff 197-425).A wide variety of subjects are covered, including matters relating to:Aden Protectorate, in particular the matter of boundary delimitationAfghanistan, including the supply of arms into the country, relations with Russia, and the Amir [Amīr Ḥabībullāh Khān]The Army in India and defence of the EmpireBritish policy and political relations in India, including with Native StatesA ceremony to mark the Coronation of King Edward VII (as King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India) including the Delhi Coronation DurbarFinancial, administrative and fiscal mattersBritish policy in Persia [Iran]The Persian Gulf, including Russian influence in the region and Lord Curzon's tour thereRailway projects throughout the British Indian Empire and in Mesopotamia [Iraq]British relations with Russia notably in connection with India, Persia, Afghanistan and TibetMilitary operations in the Somaliland Protectorate [the Republic of Somaliland]TradeBritish policy in Tibet.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 425; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Pagination: the volume also contains two original printed pagination sequences.
106. '1904-05. THE LORD CURZON. TELEGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE WITH SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA. COMMENCING FROM DECEMBER 1904.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume comprises printed copies of telegraphic correspondence, dated 8 December 1904-18 November 1905, of Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy and Governor-General of India, with St John Brodrick, Secretary of State for India.The beginning of the volume contains a detailed index of names, places and subjects (ff 5-12). This is followed by telegrams from the Secretary of State to Lord Curzon, numbered 1-468 (ff 13-83) and telegrams from Lord Curzon to the Secretary of State, numbered 1-490 (ff 85-188).Much of the correspondence covers subjects related to British India, including:The 1905 Partition of BengalArrangements for a tour of British India by the Prince and Princess of WalesAn earthquake in Punjab Province [in present-day Himachal Pradesh] on 4 April 1905The Indian Army and military mattersFinancial and administrative mattersMilitary and civil appointmentsLocal affairs in various Provinces and Princely StatesConstruction and management of railwaysManagement of telegraphic communicationsRecommendations and awards of Honours of the United Kingdom to members of the British Indian Army and Government and to indigenous Indian rulers and dignitariesMatters relating to the activities of the Viceroy of India, including Curzon’s resignation and the appointment of the Earl of Minto as his successor.Other subjects covered include matters relating to:The Aden Protectorate, including the delimitation of the Aden boundaryAfghanistan, including the Dane Mission to negotiate a treaty with the Amir [Ḥabīballāh Khān]The imposition of increased British authority in Bahrein [Bahrain]British Burma [Myanmar/Burma] and the frontier with ChinaKoweit [Kuwait]Muscat and Oman, including the hoisting of flags on the Musandim [Musandam] PeninsulaPersia [Iran], including Russian influence and a proposed British loanThe aftermath of the Younghusband Expedition [British Expedition to Tibet], including negotiations for a treaty with China regarding Tibet.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 188; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Pagination: the volume also contains two original pagination sequences.
107. 'File 61/8 Bin Saud's Relations with Trucial Chiefs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns relations between Ibn Sa'ud (also referred to in the papers as Ibn Saud, Bin Saud, and Bin Sa'ud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd)] and the Rulers of the Trucial States.The papers include reports in Arabic with separate English translations from the Residency Agent, Shargah [Sharjah] to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated June 1923 - October 1930, covering issues such as tribal loyalties, the collection of zakat, agreements between the Sheikhs, the activities of the Amir of Hasa, the presence of Najdis in the area, and general matters; correspondence from Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Gilbert Crosthwaite, Political Agent and Consul, Muscat to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated November 1925 - January 1926, reporting an advance by Isa bin Saleh of Kabil into the Dhahira [Dhahir] tract in Oman to ward off a possible move by Ibn Saud on that part of Arabia; and a report by Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Beville Prideaux, the Political Resident, to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Colonial Office, London, summarising the situation in Trucial Oman [the Trucial States] created by the activities of Ibn Sa'ud's representative, the Amir of Hasa, with background information on the area and the tribes who inhabited it, June 1926.The papers further include: note by Bertram Sidney Thomas on tribes in the area, March [1927]; report on Wahabi activities in the Persian Gulf, by Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett, Political Agent, Bahrain, April 1927; correspondence from Captain Tom Hickinbotham, Political Agent, Bahrain to the Political Resident concerning an alleged breach of Article no 1 of the Treaty of 1892 between the British Government and the Ruler of Dubai, following the arrest of a Saudi subject in Dubai and his return to Saudi Arabia for punishment, July 1937; and letter from Hugh Weightman, Political Agent, Bahrain, to Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 6 February 1939, summarising the strength of Bin Saud's influence in and around Baraimi, and concluding that he was probably not regarded by the Trucial Sheikhs as a serious menace to their independence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation system in use commences at 1 on the front cover, and continues through to 89, the last folio before the back cover. The sequence is written in pencil and enclosed in a circle, and appears in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomaly: ff. 5, 5A. The following number is omitted from the foliation sequence: 2. The following folios need to be folded out to be read: ff. 47, 57. A second, incomplete foliation sequence, numbered 8-132 (ff. 3-89) is also present. These numbers appear in the same position as the main sequence, but are not circled.