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49. Coll 6/57 'U.S.A.: Saudi Relations with U.S.A.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns relations between Saudi Arabia and the United States, and features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires to Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Washington (Ronald Ian Campbell); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader William Bullard, and later, Stanley R Jordan); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Secretary of State for India; the United States Consul, Dhahran; Isaiah Berlin (writing from the British Embassy, Washington); officials of the Foreign Office and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.The correspondence includes discussion of the following:The United States Government's recognition of King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in 1931.The conclusion of a provisional agreement between the United States and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, regarding diplomatic and consular representation, juridical protection, commerce and navigation, dated 7 November 1933.Details of the visit of Colonel Harold Hoskins, President Roosevelt's personal envoy, to Saudi Arabia in August 1943.Details of the visit of Emir Feisal [Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd], Saudi Minister for Foreign Affairs, and his brother Khalid [Khalid ibn 'Abdul 'Aziz Āl Sa‘ūd], to the United States in September-October 1943.The United States Government's request to establish consular representation in Saudi Arabia, which the British Government advises Ibn Saud to accept.The reflections of Foreign Office officials on the United States' possible economic and strategic interests in Saudi Arabia.Ibn Saud's acceptance of the appointment of a United States Consul at Dhahran in 1944.In addition to correspondence, the file includes a copy of the aforementioned Saudi-United States provisional agreement, plus a number of extracts from various United States newspapers and news agencies.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 66; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-64; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
50. Coll 6/60 'Saudi Arabia: Oil Concessions in Asir and the Farsan Islands.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns prospective Saudi oil concessions for Asir and the Farsan Islands.In a telegram to the Foreign Office, dated 4 June 1933, His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan) reports that the recent Hasa concession, which was granted by the Saudi Government to the California Arabian Standard Oil Company, has stimulated interest in the possibility of further oil concessions for other parts of Saudi Arabia, notably Asir and the Farsan Islands. Ryan's telegram also reports that King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], who has been approached by Italian oil companies, wishes to know whether any British oil companies would be interested.The remaining correspondence reports on communications between the British Government's Petroleum Department and various British oil companies (including the Iraq Petroleum Company, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the Shell Group, and the Eastern and General Syndicate) regarding those companies' interest (or lack thereof) in pursuing a concession for either location.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 21; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
51. Coll 6/65 'Relations between Saudi-Arabia and the Yemen.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns Saudi-Yemeni relations, beginning with the final weeks of hostilities between the two countries before going on to cover peace negotiations and the reoccupation of Hodeidah (also transliterated as Hodeida) by the Yemeni authorities, following the gradual withdrawal of Saudi troops.Related matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:The situation at Hodeidah, as reported by the Commanding Officer of HMS Penzance.Arrangements for the simultaneous withdrawal of foreign warships from Hodeidah.The progress of Saudi-Yemeni treaty negotiations, and the wording of the resulting Treaty of Taif, concluded between Saudi Arabia and Yemen on 20 May 1934, and ratified on 22 June 1934.Costs recovered from the Imam of Yemen [Yaḥyā Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn] by the British for the internment of Yemeni soldiers in Aden during the Saudi-Yemeni conflict.Details of other costs incurred by the British during the Saudi-Yemeni War, as calculated by the Political Resident at Aden [Bernard Rawdon Reilly], and discussion as to whether any part of these expenses should be borne by Government of India revenues.The reported presence of members of the Idrisi [al-Idrīsī] family in Mecca.In addition to correspondence the file includes the following:Extracts from Aden, Bahrain, and Kuwait political intelligence summaries.Copies of an English translation of the Treaty of Taif.A copy of an English translation of the Treaty between King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Idrisi [Sayyid Muḥammad bin ‘Alī al-Idrīsī], signed on 31 August 1920.Copies of extracts from reports from the Senior Officer of the Red Sea Sloops, as well as copies of reports from the commanding officers of HMS Penzanceand HMS Enterpriserespectively.The file features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, succeeded by Sir Reader William Bullard); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Philip Cunliffe-Lister); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir John Simon); the Senior Officer of the Red Sea Sloops; the Commander of HMS Penzance; His Majesty's Ambassador in Rome (James Eric Drummond); the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Yemen; officials of the Colonial Office, the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Admiralty.Although the file includes material dating from 1934 to 1938, most of the material dates from 1934. The French material consists of three telegrams addressed to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs by Yemen's Minister for Foreign Affairs.The file includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 2-3).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 458; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
52. Coll 6/66 'Saudi-Arabia: Saudi-Transjordan Frontier'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file primarily concerns British policy on the question of the Saudi-Transjordan frontier, specifically the frontier between Transjordan and Nejd, as initially outlined in the Hadda Agreement of 1925.The correspondence includes discussion of the following:The reported disaffection of certain Saudi tribes in the Jauf [Al Jawf] and Teima [Taymā’] areas.Difficulties arising from inaccuracies discovered on a 1918 map of the frontier, on which the Hadda agreement was based.Saudi Government complaints regarding the alleged violation of the Saudi frontier by British aeroplanes and soldiers at Thaniyya Taraif [Thanīyat Ţurayf, Saudi Arabia].A proposal made by Fuad Bey Hamza, Deputy Minister for Saudi Foreign Affairs, during a meeting at the Foreign Office in July 1935, that the frontier should be that which is shown on the 1918 map, regardless of the map's inaccuracies (a proposal that the British authorities in Transjordan encourage the Foreign Office to accept).Reports of infringements of the existing frontier by Saudi patrols.The British response to Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] claim to the districts of Akaba [Aqaba] and Maan [Ma‘ān] in Transjordan.The file also includes the following:Compiled notes of correspondence relating to the Treaty of Jedda (1927) and its modification (and more specifically, to the question of the Hejaz-Transjordan frontier) exchanged between Sir Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Saud (1927), and between the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Minister for Saudi Foreign Affairs (1936).Copies of the minutes of meetings of the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, concerning the Saudi-Transjordan frontier (and, in one instance, also addressing the Island of Tamb in the Persian Gulf).Copies of the minutes of interdepartmental meetings regarding the Saudi-Transjordan frontier, held at the Colonial Office (7 January 1935) and Foreign Office (28 September 1934) respectively.Two sketch maps depicting disputed territory near the frontier.The file features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, succeeded by Sir Reader William Bullard); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); John Bagot Glubb, Acting Officer Commanding the Arab Legion; the Air Officer Commanding Palestine and Transjordan (Richard Edmund Charles Peirse); the Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs [Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd]; officials of the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, the Air Ministry, and the War Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 213; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-209; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
53. Coll 6/70 'Saudi Arabia: Relations with Germany (Dr Grobba)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns relations between the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia) and Germany. The material in the file dates from two periods: 1928-30 and 1939-41. Notable correspondents include the following: the British Agent at Jeddah (Herbert George Jakins); the High Commissioner, Egypt (George Ambrose Lloyd, Lord Lloyd); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill); His Majesty's Ambassador in Cairo (Miles Wedderburn Lampson); His Majesty's Ambassador in Bagdad [Baghdad] (Sir Basil Cochrane Newton); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, Sir Reader William Bullard, and later, Hugh Stonehewer Bird); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Anthony Eden); officials of the Foreign Office.The correspondence includes discussion of the following:The conclusion of a treaty of friendship between Germany and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd in April 1929.The appointment of a German Consul in the Hejaz in 1931.Anglo-Yemeni relations.Reports in 1940 that Mussolini has been approached by Hitler with a request that the Italian Government should ask Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] to allow German diplomatic representative Dr Fritz Konrad Ferdinand Grobba to take residence Jedda.Whether Ibn Saud should be urged by the British to refuse to receive Dr Grobba.Italy's request for Saudi diplomatic representation in Rome.Ibn Saud's requests for financial assistance from the British Government.The reported arrival of eight German officers (in civilian disguise) in Iran, in late 1940.Reports in 1940 of wireless communication between Riyadh and Germany.Reports in November 1941 of pro-German Arabs having attempted to persuade Ibn Saud to call for an Arab congress to be held in Mecca or Medina during the pilgrimage.In addition to correspondence the file includes a copy of an English translation of the aforementioned treaty.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 89; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
54. Coll 6/91 'Saudi Arabia. Policy of H.M.G. Qn. of credits and guarantee of assistance to Ibn Saud.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns British policy towards Saudi Arabia during the Second World War (the abbreviation 'Qn' in the title stands for 'Question'). The correspondence discusses the question of providing financial or material assistance to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], as well as the United States' growing economic and strategic interests in Saudi Arabia.The file features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader Bullard, Hugh Stonehewer Bird, and Stanley R Jordan successively); the Secretary of State for India (Leo Amery); the Viceroy of India (Archibald Percival Wavell); the Chancellor of the Exchequer (John Anderson); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Treasury, the Government of India's Finance and External Affairs Departments, and the United States Embassy in London.Related matters of discussion include the following:The idea (initially discussed in correspondence dating from 1939) of an alliance or a bloc of Arab states (chiefly comprised of Saudi Arabia and the Yemen), which would support the Allied cause.The Italo-German reaction to Ibn Saud's refusal to receive German diplomat Dr Fritz Konrad Ferdinand Grobba, a decision that was applauded by the British.Italian influence in the Middle East.Anglo-French co-operation in the Middle East.Details of the Saudi Government's finances (i.e. expenditure and revenue) during the early war years.Arrangements for loans and payments from the British to the Saudi Government, as well as details of royalties and loans paid to the Saudi Government by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc).Proposals for an irrigation and agricultural mission to Saudi Arabia, headed by a United States agricultural expert.Conversations between Ibn Saud and United States General Patrick Hurley during the latter's visit to Riyadh in May 1943.The Government of India's decision in 1942 not to allow pilgrim ships to sail from India to Saudi Arabia, because of a risk of the ships being attacked.Ibn Saud's requests in 1944 for the British Government to send to Saudi Arabia financial and military advisers, preferably Sunni Moslems [Muslims].The proposed appointment of Ibn Saud's requested financial adviser, which is delayed and eventually abandoned, following the United States' suggestion that the position be given to a United States adviser, because of the United States' 'preponderant interest' in the Saudi economy.The file includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 339; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 262-286; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
55. Coll 6/91(2) 'Saudi Arabia: Policy of H.M.G. Assistance to King Ibn Saud (British Military Mission to Saudi Arabia)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns arrangements for a military mission to Saudi Arabia, financed by the British Government. The file consists of correspondence between War Office, Foreign Office, India Office, and Government of India officials regarding the War Office's proposal for a proportion of Sunni Moslem [Muslim] officers to be recruited for the mission from the Indian Army, in accordance with the Saudi Government's reported preference for a Sunni Moslem presence among the mission's officers. Other notable correspondents include the Viceroy of India (Archibald Percival Wavell) and the Secretary of State for India (Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 64; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
56. Coll 6/84 'Yemen: Attitude of Yemeni Govt. towards the Italo-Ethiopian dispute. Policy of H.M.G. in event of Italian occupation of Yemeni territory.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to Italian activities in the Middle East, particularly in the Yemen. The correspondence includes discussion of the following:British policy in the event of the Italians occupying Sheikh Said [Ra’s Shaykh Sa‘īd], or any other part of the Yemen.The Yemen's position in the Italo-Abyssinian conflict [Italo-Ethiopian War].Relations between Ethiopia and the Yemen.Italian activities in the Yemen.British suspicions regarding Italian activities in the Yemen.Future British policy in the Yemen.Internal affairs in the Yemen.Anglo-Italian relations in the Middle East, and the likelihood of Italy violating the Rome Understanding of 1927.Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] view on Italian activity in the region.The visits of Italian destroyers to Kamaran Island in March 1937 and January 1938.British and French concerns that Italy, following its denunciation of the Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, seeks possession of the Island of Doumeira [Dumēra Desēt, Red Sea, also spelled Dumeira in the file], currently under French control.The file features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, succeeded by Sir Reader William Bullard); the Political Resident, Aden (Sir Bernard Rawdon Reilly); the Governor of Aden (Reilly again); the High Commissioner, Cairo (Sir Miles Lampson); His Majesty's Ambassador in Cairo (Lampson again); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Alexandria (John Cecil Sterndale Bennett); His Majesty's Ambassador in Paris (Eric Phipps); His Majesty's Ambassador in Rome (Eric Drummond); the British Consul General, Jibuti [Djibouti] (Herbert George Jakins); the British Naval Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station (Vice-Admiral Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Anthony Eden); the Secretary of State for the Colonies (James Henry Thomas, succeeded by William George Arthur Ormsby-Gore); officials of the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, and the Air Ministry.In addition to correspondence, the file includes the following: copies of extracts from Aden political intelligence summaries; copies of the minutes of meetings of the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, dated 26 November 1935, 14 December 1936, and 8 June 1937 respectively; a copy of a translation of a treaty of friendship and commerce between the Ethiopian and Yemeni governments, which was ratified on 21 September 1935.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 349; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
57. Coll 6/63 'SOUTH EASTERN ARABIA AND QATAR BOUNDARIES.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume relates to the eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia and the southern boundary of Qatar.Much of the correspondence discusses the legal and international position of what is referred to as the 'blue line' (the frontier which marked the Ottoman Government's renunciation of its claims to Bahrain and Qatar, as laid down in the non-ratified Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 and redefined and adopted in the Anglo-Ottoman convention of the following year), which is regarded by the British as the eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia, but is disputed by the Saudi Government, mainly on the grounds that it is no longer correct, following various developments during the years since the line was demarcated.British concerns regarding these boundaries follow a recent oil concession for the Hasa [Al Hasa] region of Saudi Arabia, granted by the Saudi Government to the Standard Oil Company of California, as well as reports of the possibility of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company securing an oil concession in Qatar.Related matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:The British policy regarding the blue line.The views of India Office and Foreign Office officials, as well as other British officials (most notably Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, former Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, Political Agent at Kuwait), regarding the demarcation of the southern boundary of Qatar.British concerns regarding the land lying between the blue line and the southern boundary of Qatar, as recognised by the Sheikh of Qatar [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī].A request for a copy of the 1913 Anglo-Ottoman Convention, submitted by the United States Embassy in Angora [Ankara] – reportedly on behalf of the United States' State Department – to its British counterpart, and the wider significance of this request in relation to the United States' oil interests in the region.Foreign Office concerns that aerial survey work carried out by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc) in relation to its Hasa oil concession might extend beyond the blue line.The volume features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson); the Secretary of State for India (Samuel Hoare); the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs; officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Admiralty, and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.In addition to correspondence, the volume includes extracts from Bahrain political intelligence reports and minutes of meetings of the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, which concern the Qatar boundary.Whilst the volume contains material dating from 1923 to 1934, the vast majority of the material dates from 1934. The French material consists of a short extract from the aforementioned Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, which is contained in copies of an India Office memorandum on the southern boundary of Qatar.The volume includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 3-4).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers have not been foliated.
58. Coll 7/24 'Arabia: supply of munitions of war to King Ibn Saud and Imam of Yemen'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of correspondence regarding the supply of arms and ammunition to Ibn Sa'ūd and the Imam of Yemen, in the context of the British policy not to favour either side in their territorial dispute. The principal correspondents are the India Office, the War Office, the Foreign Office, the Admiralty, and the Chief Commissioner of Aden (Bernard Reilly).The file opens with correspondence regarding the policies of HMG and the Government of India, and a confirmation that Ibn Sa'ud had not received arms from Britain since the 1929 Mutair rebellion. The embargo on transporting arms to Yemen is then discussed, as well as the decision that the embargo be lifted in order to maintain British impartiality. Correspondence with the Aden Chief Commissioner concerns the transport of arms, ammunition and troops from Aden to Yemen, and the application of the Indian Arms Act (1878) to Aden waters.The file contains a small quantity of correspondence with Lloyd's of London (insurance brokers) dated 1936, regarding permission to underwrite arms shipments to Hodeidah [Al Hudaydah] and Jeddah [Jiddah].The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 56; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
59. Coll 6/96 'World Islamic Conference 1949'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of one letter, dated 19 July 1949 and addressed by the British Legation in Amman to the Foreign Office's Eastern Department. The letter relays reports of 'unknown reliability' that King Ibn Saoud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] proposes to hold a World Islamic Congress in Mecca in mid-October 1949, to coincide with the pilgrimage. The letter goes on to discuss further reports that the guest of honour at the Congress will be Haj Amin al-Husseini [Muhammad Amin al-Husayni], former Mufti of Palestine, and that motions will be carried opposing the union of Palestine and Jordan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.