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1. 'F.85 File 82/27-IV Qatar Oil'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Political Resident at Bushire, the India Office in London, the Shaikh of Qatar, ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī, and the Foreign Office in regard to the southern borders of Qatar, the Qatar oil concession and the relations of the Shaikhdom with ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd), King of Saudi Arabia. There is also correspondence regarding an air reconnaissance of Qatar to be carried out via RAF flying boats, which took place on 9 May 1934, including reports of the reconnaissance (folios 147-154).Some of the documents in the volume are marked as secret or confidential.Physical description: The main foliation is written in pencil, circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto of each folio.The numbering begins on the title page, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 207.There is another foliation sequence, incomplete.
2. 'A ruler of the desert'
- Description:
- Abstract: This document was written by Gertrude Bell, Liason Officer and Correspondent to Cairo, and briefly details the visit of 'Abd al-' Aziz ibn Sa‘ūd to Basrah on November 27 1916 as part of the Mesopotamian campaign. Bell also describes the following:how Ibn Sa‘ūd came to power and his influence in the Arab world;his relationship with the British;his physical appearance;his character.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 107, and terminates at f 110, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
3. 'Settlement of Turkey and Arabian Peninsula. Note by India Office on Foreign Office memorandum'.
- Description:
- Abstract: The note was written by Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel for the India Office, 30 Nov 1918, and consists of remarks on three points drawn out from the Foreign Office memorandum:The Trucial System - disputing the assumptions made in the original memo that Great Britain effectively kept the peace over a large part of the Arabian Peninsula; and that no treaties had been made with Chief's of inland tribes, that all had been coastal tribes. Stating that the object of the treaties was maritime peace; that His Majesty's Government had always been firmly against interference in the interior of Arabia; the terms of the existing treaty with Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, Ibn Saud]; and the India Office's opinion that there would be no benefit to extending the trucial system to the interior of Arabia.The Hejaz - detailing the India Office's thoughts on what a treaty with the King of Hejaz should consist of and how diplomatic relations should be handled.Syria - regarding what the alternative approach to Syria should be if the French refuse to give it up, and citing the opinions of Captain Wilson and Gertrude Bell that the French should be persuaded to give up some areas of Syria within their control for Armenia.Mention is also given to the Baghdad Railway and the importance of ensuring that it is British controlled.The appendix to the note contains further details on the British Government's agreement with Bin Saud, setting out the full history of events leading up to the signing of the agreement; later modifications to it; and the definition of the term 'foreign power' within the treaty.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence commences at the first folio and concludes on the last folio. It consists of pencil numbers, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio.Pagination: The booklet also has an original typed pagination sequence, with numbers printed at the centre of the top of each page, excepting page 1.
4. 'Arabia. Political Situation in Nejd'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed report contains a memorandum by Major Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, Political Agent, Bahrein [Bahrain], dated 12 August 1920, concerning the political situation in Nejd [Najd] and Central Arabia at the end of July 1920, gathered from conversations with Abdul Aziz Al Qusaibi [‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Quṣaybī], the agent at Bahrain of Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, Ibn Saud]; Fahad Al Bassam [Fahad Āl Bassām], merchant of Qassim [al-Qaṣīm] and Hassa [al-Aḥsā’]; Muhammad Al Hawwas [Muḥammad Āl Ḥawwās], merchant of Riyadh and Hassa; and Bedouin visitors from Bani Hajar [Banī Hājir], Bani Khalid [Banī Khālid], Dawasir [al-Dawāsir] and other tribes. The note primarily focuses on Ibn Saud's relations with Ibn Rashīd.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 131, and terminates at folio 134, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folio 7-153 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
5. 'Arabia. Question of Future Policy, Subsidies to Chiefs, &c'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed report consists of two notes prepared by Richard Marrs and John Evelyn Shuckburgh of the Political Department of the India Office on 19 October 1920 and 29 October 1920 respectively. These notes concern British policy, including the payment of subsidies and grants-in-aid, towards political leaders in the Arabian Peninsula, including Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], Ibn Rashid [‘Abdullāh bin Mut‘ib Āl Rashīd], and the Sharif of Mecca, Hussain [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], and his son Faisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī], and the Idrisi amir of Asir.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 149 and terminates at folio 150, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-147 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
6. 'Arabia: The Nejd-Hejaz Feud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a note by John Evelyn Shuckburgh of the Political Department, India Office, dated 7 January 1919, concerning relations between Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] of Nejd [Najd] and King Hussain [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] of the Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz], specifically the dispute between them over the village of Khurma [al-Khurmah]. The note includes two appendices: 'Appendix I: Bin Saud's Claim to Khurmah (Extract from Memorandum by Mr [Harry St John Bridger] Philby, dated 13th August 1918)' and 'Appendix II: The Alleged Treaty Between Bin Saud and the Sherif'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for sequence for this file commences at folio 11, and terminates at folio 13, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
7. 'Political control in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office. It covers arrangements from 1616 to 1921 summarising the use of agents, establishment of the Bushire Residency, and role of Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. It considers arrangements since the Report of the Masterton-Smith Committee in 1921 concerning the question of redistribution of political responsibility between His Majesty's Government and the Government of India, the line of communication with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and Nejd, and the responsibilities of the Political Resident. The final section concerns Persia and the maintenance of a 'Political Resident' (as distinct from Consul-General) at Bushire.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 5, and terminates at f 6, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
8. 'British relations with the Wahabees'
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed report communicated by the India Office and printed for the use of the Foreign Office. The report concerns British relations with the Wahabees [Wahhabi] emirs, from 1904 to 1907, the growing influence of Ibn Sa‘ūd [Āl Sa‘ūd, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal] and the British proposal to send a Political Agent to Kuwait, to contrast the Turkish influence over Central Arabia.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 8, and terminates at f 12, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
9. 'Relations with Ibn Sa'ud: note prepared by Arab Bureau, Irak Section'
- Description:
- Abstract: This note was written by the Arab Bureau, Iraq Section, in Basra in January 1917. It reviews the rise of Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], his fight against Ibn Rashid and the role of Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, Political Agent, Kuwait, in this conflict. Other topics are Ibn Sa'ud's relationship with Shaikh Mubarak of Kuwait and Ibn Sa'ud's battle against the Ottoman Turks in the context of British interests.Physical description: Foliation. There are three copies of this item, of which only one copy (the foliated copy) has been digitised. The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 1, and ends on the last folio, on number 5.
10. 'Koweit, 1908-1928'
- Description:
- Abstract: Document outlining the administration and history of Koweit [Kuwait] from 1908-1928.Covering:'Administration' – rulers succession history; Koweit's status as an independent Arab state; internal administration conducted by the Shaikh and Council of Advisors; control by the Government of India; and the responsibility for expenditure;'History of Koweit Affairs, 1908-28' – including the rights of the Shaikh over the islands of Bubiyan and Warba; oil concessions; Anglo-Turkish negotiations of 1911-14; co-operation during the First World War; relations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], ruler succession; and difficulties with the maintenance of a blockade;'History of Koweit Affairs, 1919-28' – including the status of Koweit; Koweit Order in Council providing for British jurisdictions within the Principality; termination of the lease of Bunder Shweikh [Bandar Shawaykh], oil concessions, relations with Ibn Saud regarding the Koweit-Nejd-Iraq boundary question, the Koweit-Nejd Customs dispute, and Akhwan [Ikhwan] raids; relations with Iraq regarding the exemption from taxation of the date gardens in Iraq belonging to the Shaikh of Koweit, the position of Koweit vis-à-vis Iraq, and relations with Persia.It also includes a summary and a list of points referred to the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee. Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 10, and terminates at f 16, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
11. 'File 61/18 [II] (D 125) Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file relates to the development of formal communications between Najd and Bahrain, and the wider Gulf and Indian region. The first of two items in the file is a letter (dated 28 January 1932) from the Special Secretary to ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd) King of Hejaz and Najd, to Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Biscoe, then Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (folios 1A-5). The letter summarises a number of points arising from a meeting that took place between Biscoe and Ibn Sa‘ūd.All of the points concern the development of formal relations between Najd and Bahrain, and other British protectorates and colonies, including India. Points covered include the instigation of formal procedures for issuing passports and visas for travellers between Najd and Bahrain, Kuwait and India, the set-up of wireless communications between Najd and Bahrain, the extradition of Najdi criminals from Bahrain, exchange of mail, and papers for commercial vessels. The English translation of the letter (folios 3-5) has been annotated, with parts relating to visas for Indian subjects highlighted.In Tuson, The records of the British Residency and agencies in the PersianGulf(London: India Office Library and Records, 1979) the file is listed with the title 'Visa and passports for travel between Najd, Kuwait and Bahrain.' The date range on the cover of the file (1 April 1931-30 September 1936) is incorrect.Physical description: Foliation: The file is foliated from the front cover to the last item in the file, with small numbers in the top-right corner of each recto . There is an earlier pagination system that runs from 79 (verso of folio 1a) to 84 (folio 7). Foliation anomaly: 1a.
12. 'File 86/1 VII (D 101) Kuwait Oil'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Agent at Kuwait (Harold Richard Dickson); Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); Officials in the India and Foreign Offices (including Sir Louis Kershaw, John Gilbert Laithwaite, George Rendel); the Shaikh of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ); the Air Ministry (Wilfred Ashton McLaughry); the Air Office Commanding, Iraq (Alexander Duncan Cunningham); and representatives of the Kuwait Oil Company (Frank Holmes, Archibald Chisholm), Arabian Development Syndicate, Anglo-Persian Oil Company, and Iraq Petroleum Company.The correspondence relates primarily to the Kuwait Oil Company's negotiation's with His Majesty's Government and the Shaikh of Kuwait for the Kuwait (also given as Koweit) Oil Concession, focusing on discussions around clauses in both the Commercial and Political Agreements and the Shaikh's concerns over how certain clauses may be perceived both within his own country and in neighbouring ones.Also discussed are developments in Saudi Arabia with regards to their share of the Nejd-Kuwait Neutral Zone Oil Concession, which was being competed for by the Standard Oil Company of California and the Arabian Development Syndicate, and the British Government's opinions on the situation and their intended approach with regards to the Kuwait share of the concession. The information relating to the Saudi Government's approach to the concession is relayed through letters and reports from Sir Andrew Ryan, HM Minister at Jedda, and contain details of his discussions with representatives of both the Saudi Government and the oil companies.The correspondence also includes a discussion relating to land at Shuwaikh, identified by the British Government for possible use as an air base, and includes negotiations over the cost of renting the site or the possibility of reserving it for future use. Also included are details of reconnaissance undertaken by the Air Officer Commanding for alternative sites, which was unsuccesful, and correspondence regarding the use of Kuwait Harbour for flying boats and the need to identify suitable locations in the Harbour for moorings.Physical description: Foliation: The volume has been foliated in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio with a pencil number enclosed in a circle. The foliation sequence commences on the first folio after the front cover, with 1A and concludes on the back cover with number 246. Foliation anomalies: 1A-E.
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