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13. ‘A detail of occurrences at Tabreez since the 24th of October to the 5th of November 1827’
- Description:
- Abstract: A report by George Willock on the events occurring at Tabreez [Tabriz] from 24 October 1827 to 5 November 1827. The report gives a detailed description of the advance of the Russian army towards Tabreez and the occupation of the city by Russian troops led by Prince Arristoff [Georgii Yevseevich Eristov] without opposition during the ongoing war between Persia [Iran] and Russia [Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828], notably:The movement of refugees away from the Russian advanceThe flight and capture of Alli Yar Khan [Allāh Yār Khān Qājār Davallū, Āṣaf al-Dawlah, the Grand Vizier of the Shāh of Persia]The desertion of Persian troops and the entry of Russian troops and officers into the cityThe Russian occupation of the city and the various responses of the local elites and population to the occupationThe submission of other towns and districts of the province of Azerbijoun [Azerbaijan], including the siding of some of the tribes in the region with Russia and the rising of some populations against Persian ruleThe arrival of the commander of Russian forces, General Paskewitch [General Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Erivansky, Governor-General of Georgia], at the head of the Russian army, including the extent and composition of the Russian forcesThe movements of Russian forces in Persia.The account concludes by reporting the meeting between the Russian plenipotentiary General Obreskoff [Aleksandr Mikhailovich Obreskov] and the Cayim Mukam [Mirza Abū al-Qāsim Farāhānī, Qāʾim-Maqām, the Vizier of the Crown Prince of Persia], at which the Cayim Mukam was presented with peace terms (see IOR/L/PS/9/71/99).This document was originally enclosed, numbered 2, in dispatch No. 74 of the East India Company Envoy to Persia, Lieutenant-Colonel John Macdonald Kinneir, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of India, George Swinton, of 8 November 1827 (IOR/L/PS/9/71/98).Physical description: 1 item (12 folios)
14. 'No. 119 Incomplete correspondence (1839) regarding defence of the Island of Karrack - (unimportant)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of an incomplete selection of correspondence concerning the defence of the Island of Kharg [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye] and the British Garrison occupying the island. It largely consists of assessments on how defensible the island is, and recommendations for improvements. The correspondence is largely undertaken between British officers at Kharg, the Military Establishment of Bombay, and the Governor of Bombay.It should be noted that two spellings for Khārk are in use in this file; Karrack, and Kharg.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the final folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
15. 'Mesopotamia Administration Committee'
- Description:
- Abstract: Table giving abstracts of proposals made by the War Cabinet, with comments on those proposals by Sir Percy Zachariah Cox and the Government of India.The proposals include:Occupied territories being administered by His Majesty's Government, instead of the Government of IndiaBasra to remain under British administrationBagdad [Baghdad] to be an Arab state with a local ruler of Government, but under British protection, using local laws and institutions where possible.British Civil Service (in Mesopotamia) to be amalgamated with that of Soudan [Sudan] and the Levant.Shiah holy places to be a separate enclave not under direct British controlIrrigation, Navigation and Rivers to be under British administrationKoweit [Kuwait] and Arabian littoral of Persian Gulf, including Oman, to be controlled by BasraSouth Persia to be within Government of India's sphere of influencePhysical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 130 and terminates at folio 131, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present between folios 6-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
16. 'MESOPOTAMIA ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of Telegrams between the Viceroy (Frederic Thesiger, The Lord Chelmsford), Secretary of State (Austen Chamberlain) and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox on the future administration of Mesopotamia, March to April 1917:Telegram P 1234 from Viceroy, Foreign Department, 26 March 1917: regarding the need for steps to be taken to overhaul and replace the defunct Turksh administration and for the work of the civil departments to continue in Bagdad.Telegram P 1315 from Secretary of State to Viceroy, Foreign Department, 29 March 1917: regarding the Committee of the War Cabinet's conclusions for the future administration and political control of Mesopotamia and Arabia, including that occupied territories were to be administered by His Majesty's Government; that Basra was to remain permanently under British administration; Bagdad to be an Arab state under British protection and to be administered as an Arab province and without the use of the 'Irak Code'; Koweit [Kuwait] and Arabian littoral, including Oman, to be controlled by Basra;Telegram P 1434 from Sir Percy Cox, to the Government of India, 7 April 1917: giving Cox's own opinions that there is no suitable candidate to be ruler and that perhaps an administrative council would be more appropriate; the need for a uniform code of law for both Bagdad and Basra; proposals for Nejef [Najaf] and Kerbela [Karbala] to be independent townships; and expressing his willingness to undertake the carrying out of this policy if required.Telegram P 1433 from Sir Percy Cox, to the Foreign Department, Government of India, 8 April 1917: requesting information on the individuals proposed for the positions of Judicial Adviser and Subordinate Revenue Officers and suggesting Colonel Knox for the position of Judicial Adviser.Draft of a proposed telegram to the Viceroy, undated but after 7 April 1917: advising that no work on introducing an Arab administration should be undertaken whilst Mesopotamia is under military occupation, and that only such administration as is required to preserve order and meet the needs of the occupying force.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 127 and terminated at folio 129, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 6-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
17. 'Addtl Cavalry Bgde for Force D'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is comprised of correspondence concerning the provision of an additional Brigade for Force D in Mesopotamia. Issues discussed include: equipment to be supplied; maintaining military strength on the North West Frontier of India (folio 45); date of dispatch; and inclusion of horse artillery.The correspondents include the Commander-in-Chief, India; the War Office, London; the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Mesopotamia; and the Director of Ordnance Services, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 57; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are written in coloured crayon and pencil.
18. 'WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA […] I.E.F. "D". Volume 34. PART I. (From 1st to 15th May 1917.)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 May 1917. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda. An index to the contents of this volume can be found at folios 3-11. The volume concerns:Troop movementsMilitary operations, including actions on the Adhaim [Al-‘Uzaym] riverReports from the fronts on the Tigris and Euphrates, the Caucasus, and southern Persia [Iran]Issues concerning Inland Water Transport, including the transfer of ships from India to Mesopotamia and details of craft lost on rivers in MesopotamiaSupplies for Force D, including ammunition, guns, and tentsCombat and non-combat reinforcements for Force D from India, Egypt, and Mauritius, in particular Labour CorpsStaff appointmentsRailways, including railway construction and repair, traffic statistics, and the transfer of rails and rolling stock from India to MesopotamiaThe movements and strength of Turkish [Ottoman) forces, including intelligence received from deserters and prisoners of warThe movements of Russian forces; the effects of the Russian Revolution of February 1917The court martial and sentencing of troops from the 3rd Brahmans for ‘mutinous conduct’Aerial operationsRelations with tribes, including ‘punitive measures’ against tribes resisting the British occupation of MesopotamiaThe proposed deportation of Turkish families from British-occupied BaghdadPolitical developments in Najd and HailThe question of the future political administration of MesopotamiaMedical issues, including Medical Advisory Committee report on sickness and sanitary measures in Force D (ff 165-180)Issues around currency and exchange rates in British-occupied MesopotamiaReported activity of German agentsThe political situation in Persia and the effect on this of the Russian Revolution of February 1917.The following tables appear:The distribution, composition, and organisation of Force D (ff 12-29, ff 112-117, ff 139-142) and names of officers in order of superiority (ff 30-31)Units captured at Kut-al-Amarah [Kut] (f 30)Artillery and ammunition available in Mesopotamia (ff 36-37, ff 130-131)Distribution and strength of Turkish forces (ff 39-47, f 133, f 155, ff 244-246)British aerial operations between 18 and 24 February 1917 (ff 49-51)Medical statistics (ff 54-56, ff 88-89, ff 151-152, ff 178-179, ff 182-183, ff 197-198, ff 212-214, f 216, ff 218-220, ff 226-227)Disinfection measures and equipment (ff 57-58, ff 65-66)Inland Water Transport personnel as of 10 February 1917 (f 67)Shipping statistics (f 68, f 132, f 232, f 241)The state of supplies on the morning of 28 April 1917 (ff 76-80, ff 81-82), the morning of 5 May 1917 (ff 128-129, ff 137-138), and the morning of 12 May 1917 (ff 238-240)Railway traffic in Mesopotamia in the weeks ending 24 April 1917 (ff 80-81) and 3 May 1917 (f 126)Royal Flying Corps (RFC) report listing available aircraft and pilots in the week ending 3 May 1917 (f 93) and 10 May 1917 (f 152)Ration strength of Force D on 8 April 1917 (ff 109-111), 22 April 1917 (ff 124-125), and 29 April 1917 (ff 192-197)Distribution of land transport with Force D on 1 April 1917 (f 123)Reinforcements for Force D (ff 150-151)Inland Water Transport statistics for the week ending 17 February 1917 (ff 221-223) and 24 February 1917 (ff 229-231).Also included are:‘Diary of Information’ No. 42 dated 31 March 1917, covering: aerial operations; approximate translations of songs by Indian troops; a report on sanitation dated 31 January 1917; Inland Water Transport report for the week ending 10 February 1917; construction and engineering works in Mesopotamia and British-occupied southern Persia; and the Christmas mail for Mespotamia (ff 49-74)War reportage from around Samarra and on the Adhaim in the Pioneer, 17 April to 8 May (ff 145-148, f 156)‘Diary of Information’ No. 43 dated 7 April 1917, covering issues including: tribal guards in the employ of British Political Officers; a description of Nasiriyah; railway operations; aerial operations between 25 February-11 March 1917, including during the capture of Baghdad; medical affairs, including reports on malaria and other infectious diseases and laboratory reports; and Inland Water Transport report for the week ending 17 February 1917 (ff 205-225)‘Diary of Information’ No. 44 dated 14 April 1917, covering issues including: medical affairs, including laboratory reports; Inland Water Transport report for the week ending 24 February 1917; Army Ordnance Department report for the month of February 1917; an essay on British administration in occupied Mesopotamia by General Staff Intelligence entitled ‘The Pax Britannica in the Occupied Territories’; and aerial operations carried out between 12 and 25 March 1917 (ff 225-237).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 249; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-247; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.
19. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 12. (From 1st to 31st July 1915.)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 31 July 1915. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: telegrams, letters, tables and memoranda containing instructions and reports.A summary of the contents of this volume can be found at folio 11. The volume’s contents mostly relate to:Military reinforcements and supplies required by Force D, including: personnel; weapons; ammunition; river craft and aircraft, with particular attention paid to the supply and deployment of aeroplanesStaff appointments and promotionsDistributions of Force D throughout July (ff 55-58; f 175; and f 274)Distribution of the Turkish [Ottoman] Army (ff 320-322)Status and progress of the Euphrates line, commanded by General George Frederick Gorringe, including the capture of Nasiriyah on 24 JulyStatus and progress of the Tigris line, especially around Filaifilah [Fulayfilah], Ali-al-Gharbi [‘Ali al Gharbi] and Kumait [Kumayt]Concerns about the impact of the climate on soldiers’ health and the high volume of sick soldiersIntelligence on Russo-Turkish operations in the Caucasus regionProposals to seize Bushire [Bushehr] due to dissatisfaction with the Persian [Iranian] GovernmentDiscussions about the best way to protect the Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s pipelineDiscussions about the loyalties and activities of tribes in southern Mesopotamia and northern Persia, including the question of providing subsidies for the Bavi [Bāvī] tribeProposals to occupy Kut-al-Amarah [Al-Kut, also rendered in text as Kut al ‘Amarah and Kut-al-‘Amarah].The volume also includes:Appreciations [reports] from the Directorate of Military Operations summarising the situation in Mesopotamia on: 5 July (ff 62-63); 12 July (ff 115-116); 19 July (f 183); 26 July (ff 271-272)A letter from the General Officer Commanding Force D to the Chief of the General Staff, dated 10 July 1915, which includes a ‘Memorandum on future special requirements’ by Major-General George Vere Kemball (ff 198-201).A summary of contents for the previous volumes can be found at folios 3-10.The volume contains a small number of copies of telegrams from June 1915.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 332; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 13-330; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm.
20. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 4. (November 26th to December 9th, 1914).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D between 26 November and 9 December 1914. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: correspondence; telegrams; reports; orders; despatches; and instructions.A summary of the contents of this volume is pasted on the leading flyleaf, under the subtitle ‘Advance to Qurneh [Al Qurnah]’:‘Reconnaissance to Qurneh’‘17th Brigade disembarked completed 6th December’‘Sanction of Secretary of State to occupation of Qurneh sent to Force D’‘Telegraphic communication completed to Basrah’ ‘Force landed below Qurneh’‘Action as [at] Mazaira’ah [Al Muzayra‘ah, also written as Muzaira’ah, as quoted below]’‘Camels of Force “D” ordered back to India’‘2nd Action at Muzaira’ah’‘3rd Action at Muzaira’ah’‘Occupation of Qurneh’‘Surrender of Turkish [Ottoman] Troops’.The file also contains mentions of the reluctance of some of the Muslim soldiers to fight in a country containing sacred sites.A summary of contents for the previous volumes is pasted on the inside front cover.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 45; these numbers are printed, and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Dimensions: 21x33cm
21. 'Memoranda. Assab Bay'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memoranda providing a number of opinions regarding the British position towards the Italian occupation of Assab Bay.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at folio 22, and terminates at folio 23, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
22. 'Correspondence respecting the occupation of Merv by Russia and her proceedings on the Khorassan Frontier of Persia.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is a memorandum written by Adolphus Warburton Moore, Political and Secret Department, of historical events and correspondence relating to the occupation of Merv by Russia, and to Russian activity in Khorassan, on the Persian boundary.The memorandum reproduces a despatch to the Russian Ambassador to London, in which Lord Granville, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, expresses the British Government's displeasure at hearing of the Russian annexation of Merv, against assurances previously given by the Government of the Russian Empire. The memorandum gives the Russian response, describing the annexation as merely an act of local administration without political pre-meditation on the part of Russia, who continue to seek co-operation and friendly relations with the British Government.The memorandum goes on to describe British concerns and Russian denials that they next intended to annexe Sarakhs on the Persian border, and, upon the arrival of Russian troops at Sarakhs and in other parts of Khorassan, Persian protests to the Russian Government.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 110 and terminates at the last folio with 122, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 110-122; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
23. 'Correspondence relating to the Italian Occupation of Assab Bay.'
- Description:
- Abstract: A memorandum in which correspondence and official reports are reproduced to give an account of the events, rumours and denials surrounding Italian interest in the area of the Somali coast around the Bay of Assab and the islands lying nearby; assurances are sought and received from the Italian Government that they have no military intentions at the Bay of Assab, and that they intend only to establish a trading post there. A report written by the Assistant to the Resident at Aden is reproduced in full, noting the great potential of the Bay of Assab in time of war. The memorandum concludes by re-stating Italian denials of military intentions. The memorandum is written by Arthur William Moore.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at folio 5, and terminates at folio 21, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
24. 'Enclosures to Secret Letters from India', Vol 62
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains manuscript copies of secret letters, memoranda, translations of letters, intelligence reports, financial and statistical statements and translations of local 'newsletters', relating to diplomatic, military and logistical aspects of the British-led invasion of Afghanistan by the so-called Army of the Indus.Packets (individual or groups of documents) are numbered 2-388 (No.1 does not appear to be bound at the front of the volume), and all annotated ‘No: 34 of 15th November’ (the volume is labelled 'Nov to Nov 1839'). Each document records the date received at the Presidency, Fort William, Simla [Shimla], Secret Department, Secret and Separate Department, or Political Department, 1839, as well as the date of the original document, the correspondent and a summary of the content. Original documents mostly date from March to August 1839 but the volume includes some from November 1838 to February 1839. Copy letters end on folio 786. Folios 787-794 contain: ‘List of Packets to the Hon’ble [Honourable] the Secret Committee of the Hon’ble the Court of Directors. Per [blank]’. The list includes dates and correspondents only.The principal correspondents are: Thomas Herbert Maddock, Officiating Secretary to the Government in India with the Governor-General; William Hay Macnaghten, Envoy and Minister with the Court of Shah Shooja ool-Moolk [Shah Shuja ul-Mulk]; Henry Torrens, Deputy Secretary to the Government in India with the Governor-General; Lieutenant William Joseph Eastwick, Officiating Political Agent, Khyrpore [Khairpur] Agency; (Andrew) Ross Bell, Collector of Delhi, also referred to as Officiating Political Agent, Shikapore, and Political Agent Upper Sinde [Sindh]; Elliott D’Arcy Todd, in temporary charge of the British Mission, Cabool [Kabul]; Alexander Burnes, Envoy to Kelat [Kalat]; Henry Pottinger, Resident in Sinde; George Clerk, Political Agent, Loodhiana [Ludhiana] (sending translations of his 'newsletter' Punjab Akhbar[also spelt Akbarin the volume]).Other correspondents include: [T J] Nuthall, Deputy Assistant Commissary General; J D D Bean, In charge of Political Affairs, Shawl [Sahiwal]; Captain H Johnson, Paymaster and Commissariat Officer, Shah Shoojah’s Force; Lieutenant General John Keane, Commander of the Army of the Indus; Lieutenant Colonel I Stuart, Officiating Secretary to the Government in India, Military Department, with the Governor-General; Lieutenant General Sir Willoughby Cotton, Commanding Bengal Column of the Army of the Indus; Major-General E H Simpson, Commanding Shah Shoojah’s Force; John McNeill, British Envoy in Persia; and various British diplomatic and military personnel.Matters covered notably include:Progress of the Army of the Indus towards and into Afghanistan including: landing at Vikkur of the Bombay Column under Lieutenant-General John Keane, progress to Tatta [Thatta], across the Indus, on to Shikapore [Shikarpur] and Dadar (also spelt Daddur and Dadur in the volume) [Dadhar/Dhadar]; march northwards through the Bolan Pass; arrival at Quetta; unopposed occupation of Candahar [Kandahar] by the united Bengal and Bombay Columns and Shah Shoojah’s Force on 25 April 1839 (official accounts on folios 160-64 and folios 355-67); capture of the Fortress of Ghuznee [Ghazni] 23 July 1839 (official account on folios 606-612); capture of Cabool [Kabul] on 6 August 1839 and departure of Ruler Dost Mohammed Khan with his remaining supporters (official account on folio 742-48)Supplying the Army of the Indus, particularly: logistics of transport routes, food stores, ordnance depots and supply apportionments; problems encountered by British political agents in procuring sufficient camels, livestock, forage and grain and Henry Pottinger’s suspicions of obstructionism by the Hyderabad ameers [amirs]; British attempts to induce local populations to contribute assistanceFinancing the Army of the Indus, particularly: authorised and disputed expenses submitted by political agents and army officers; payments to local rulers, loyal ‘native’ employees and informers; problems repaying loans from local bankers and wealthy inhabitants; salaries of military and non-combatant staff; auditing of the accounts of Shah Shoojah’s Force; gold coin supplyBritish policy of conciliation with a view to securing the route and maintaining lines of communication and supply into Afghanistan, particularly: efforts to reduce the number of attacks, by Belochee (also spelt Belochee) [Balochi] marauders, on British forces in the Bolan Pass and other vulnerable areas; exhorting the troops to act humanely, avoid confrontations with locals and miscreants and only use force as a last recourse; engagement of Belochee tribesmen on the side of the British forces; soliciting support from local rulers and influential tribal chiefs (with monetary inducements) concurrent with exhortations of submission to Shah ShoojahCommunications, particularly: arrangements for the campaign Dâks (or Dawks) [postal service]; retaining clear crossing over the River Indus; and improvement of the roadsIntelligence, notably: reports by political agents Alexander Burnes, R Leech and George Clerk, on the political situation in Candahar, activities of Afghan Ruler Dost Mohammed and other suspected anti-British intrigues; interception of native letters; surveillance and disposal of questionable characters such as a ‘Prince of Persia’ apprehended at Shikapore; (false) rumours of Colonel Charles Stoddart’s murder in Bokkara [Bukhara] (folios 188-189); reports on the court of Maharajah Ranjeet [Ranjit] Singh, including his illness, death on 27 June 1839 and funeral rites (accounts in Punjab Akhbar, folios 705-21)Relations between the Hyderabad ameers (Meer Noor Mahomed, Nusseer Mahomed and Meer Mahomed Khan and Sobdah Khan), and Henry Pottinger, the Resident in Sinde, whilst the latter is en routeto Bombay (on sick leave) via Kurachee [Karachi] in early April 1839, notably regarding the incident of the gun fired from the Moonarah [Manora] Fort, (near Kurachee), and hostile fire returned by HMS Wellesley; attempts by the ameers to negotiate amendments to the 14-point ‘dictat’ Treaty issued to each of them by the Governor-General of India (over-riding Pottinger’s earlier more liberal 23-point draft treaty), regarding currency, payments to the British and control of Kurachee (the Treaty of 14 points, was ratified by the ameers in July 1839); relations between Sobdah Khan and the other three ameersPhysical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 795; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading flyleaves.