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49. File 2182/1913 Pt 1 'Persian Gulf Situation in El Katr Policy towards Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains part 1 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It concerns Britain's relations with Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] following the latter's occupation of Ottoman-ruled El Hassa [Al Hasa] and Nejd [Najd]. Much of the correspondence is concerned with how Bin Saud's occupation of Nejd and El Hassa will affect the continuing Anglo-Turkish negotiations [for the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, which was never ratified] and British foreign policy in the region more generally.Also discussed in the volume are the following: whether the British should allow the transhipment of Ottoman troops in Bahrein waters; a visit (regarded after the event as 'ill-advised' by the Secretary of State for India) paid by the Political Agent, Koweit [Kuwait], Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, to Bin Saud, at Majma'a [Al Majma], six weeks before Bin Saud occupied El Hassa; the death of Sheikh Jasim-bin-thani [Shaikh Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī, Ruler of Qatar]; British hopes of securing the early withdrawal of the Turkish garrison from El Katr [Qatar]; reports that the Turkish Government intends to respond to the events in Nejd by appointing Bin Saud as Mutessarif [Mutasarrif] of the district.The following principal correspondents appear in the volume: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Sir Percy Zachariah Cox; the Viceroy of India [Charles Hardinge]; the Secretary of State for India, the Marquess of Crewe [Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes]; the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Thomas William Holderness; His Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople, Gerard Augustus Lowther; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey; the Political Agent, Koweit; Bin Saud.The part includes a divider that gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in the part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 155; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
50. File 2182/1913 Pt 2 'Persian Gulf Situation in El Katr Policy towards Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains part 2 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It primarily concerns British policy towards Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] following the latter's occupation of Ottoman-ruled El Hassa [Al Hasa]. Included in the volume are the following:an account of a meeting between the Bahrain Political Agent (Major Arthur Prescott Trevor), the Koweit [Kuwait] Political Agent (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear), and Bin Saud, which took place at Ojair [Al ‘Uqayr] in December 1913;discussion as to how the British will form a working understanding with Bin Saud whilst also pursuing a policy of supporting and maintaining the Turkish Empire;a recommendation from the officiating Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, John Gordon Lorimer, that a British Native Agent be posted to Katif [Al Qaţīf] to mediate between the Political Agent in Bahrain and Bin Saud's local governors;discussion (between the Government of India, His Majesty's Ambassador to Constantinople, and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs) as to whether or not Britain should act as a mediator between the Ottoman government and Bin Saud, in order to ensure that any arrangement made between the two parties is not hostile to British interests;a proposal from the British India Steam Navigation Company to run a local line of steamers between Bahrein [Bahrain], Katif, Ojair, and Katr [Qatar];debate over whether a British decoration should be bestowed upon Sheikh Mubarak bin Sabah [Shaikh Mubarak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] of Koweit prior to the Anglo-Turkish agreements being ratified, following reports that the Sheikh may be about to receive a Turkish decoration;Shakespear's account of further meetings with Bin Saud;reports of a settlement between the Turkish government and Bin Saud, and of Bin Saud's appointment as Vali of Nejd;a translated copy of the treaty between Bin Saud and the Turkish Government, dated 15 May 1914.Correspondents include the following:Secretary to the Government of India's Foreign Department;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, followed by John Gordon Lorimer, Captain Richard Lockington Birdwood, and Major Stuart George Knox as successive officiating residents);Political Agent, Bahrain (Major Arthur Prescott Trevor);Political Agent, Kuwait (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel William George Grey);Viceroy of India (Charles Hardinge);Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey);Foreign Office;His Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople (Sir Louis du Pan Mallet);Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India (Thomas William Holderness);Bin Saud;Hakki Pasha [Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, in charge of negotiations with His Majesty's Government, concerning Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf].The part includes a divider that gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in the part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 271; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-270; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
51. File 2249/1915 Pt 1 ‘Oil: Mesopotamia & Persia: General File’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers concerning oil exploration and applications for oil concessions in Mesopotamia [Iraq] and in the frontier region between Mesopotamia and Persia [Iran] during and in the years following the First World War, when Mesopotamia was under British military occupation and administration. The papers cover: an application for an oil concession on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, made to the British Government by the Motor Petrol Association Limited, 1918; an application made to the Government by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) for an extension of their Persia oil concession to cover the ‘Persian Gulf littoral’, 1918; the development of an oilfield at Naft Khana [Nafţ Khānah] in Mesopotamia, with company expenditure paid from British military funds; discussion of the position of the Turco-Persian frontier in relation to the Naft Khana oilfields; the transfer of territory from Persia to Mesopotamia, and the formation of a new company by APOC to apply for concession rights in this territory; discussion between the British civil administration in Mesopotamia, HM Petroleum Executive, APOC, the India Office and Foreign Office, on future oil policy in Mesopotamia; the US Ambassador in London’s concern that representatives of the Standard Oil Company of New York were being forbidden to undertake geological surveying work in Mesopotamia, 1919.The file’s principal correspondents are: the Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia, Arnold Talbot Wilson; the India Office; the Foreign Office; HM Petroleum Executive.The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 236; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
52. File 2249/1915 Pt 4 ‘Oil: Mesopotamia & Persia. (General File) 1920–24’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item comprises correspondence and other papers concerning oil exploration in territories that were part of the Ottoman Empire prior to the First World War. The item includes: reports on exploratory drilling being undertaken by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) at Naft Khana [Nafţ Khānah], in territory transferred from Persia [Iran] to Mesopotamia [Iraq] in 1914 in response to recommendations made by the Turco-Persian Boundary Commission; the question of whether APOC drilling activity at Naft Khana should be paid for out of military funds, given Britain’s military occupation and administration of Mesopotamia during and after the First World War; oil concessions in Mesopotamia in relation to the San Remo Oil Agreement (1920), signed between the British and French Governments; a 1920 survey report by the APOC geologist, William Robert Smellie, entitled ‘Oil in relation to Fars anticlines’ (ff 132-139), and a response by the Officiating Director of the Geological Survey of India, Edwin Hall Pascoe, that disagrees with Smellie’s findings (ff 100-101); British Government policy on mining and oil prospecting in Palestine; and correspondence exchanged between representatives of the Government of the United States and the Foreign Office, relating to the refusal to permit American companies to conduct oil surveys in Mesopotamia.The item’s principal correspondence are: the Foreign Office; HM Petroleum Executive, the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad, Arnold Talbot Wilson; and representatives of the Government of the United States.The item includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: 1 item (242 folios)
53. File 3156/1918 Pt 4 ‘MESOPOTAMIA: ADMINISTRATION- PUBLICATION OF A BLUE BOOK’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams, minutes, reviews and printed reports related to the civil administration of Mesopotamia [Iraq]. The volume includes the following reviews and reports:A ‘REVIEW OF THE CIVIL ADMINITSRATION OF THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF AL ‘IRAQ 1914---1918’, Compiled in the Office of the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad, November, 1918. The review contains the following headings: ‘Al ‘Iraq under Turkish Rule and prior to the Advance to Baghdad’, ‘The Advance to Baghdad and After’, and ‘General Review of the Civil Administration’ (folios 224-266)A Report on Education in Mosul (folios 222-223)Department of Education monthly report issued by the Office of the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad, May 1919 (folios 215-221)Two drafts of the first five chapters of the review prepared by Miss Gertrude Bell (folios 118-146, and 157-185), with suggested edits and the question of presenting them to the Parliament.The volume also includes a complete copy of the ‘REVIEW OF THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OF MESOPOTAMIA’, prepared by Bell under the direction of the Office of the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad, and published by His Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO), December 1920 (folios 8-83). The review is an account of the British military occupation of Mesopotamia, and the establishment of an Arab Government. It contains a table of contents listing the following chapters:‘I. - Occupation of the Basrah [Basra] Wilayat’‘II. - Organisation of the Administration’‘III. - The pacification of the Tribes and Relations with the Shi’ah [Shia] towns up to the fall of Baghdad’‘IV. - Relations with Arab and Kurdish Tribes, and with the Holy Cities after the fall of Baghdad’‘V. - The Occupation of Mosul’‘VI. - The Kurdish Question’‘VII. - Development of Administration. The Revenue Department’‘VIII. - Judicial Administration’‘IX. - Organisation of the Education Department, Levies and Police, Civil Medical Service, Department of Commerce and Industry, Public Works, Railways, Finance, and Establishment’‘X. - The National Movement’‘Index’.Correspondents in the volume include: the Acting Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; the Education Department of Mesopotamia; the Under-Secretary of State for India; the Foreign Office; the Secretary to the Government of India; the Secretary of State; and the War Office.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 266; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
54. File 3540/1916 'MESOPOTAMIA 1916-17 PORTION'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises mainly printed correspondence, telegrams, summaries, printed reports, notes, receipts, statistical tables, and other papers concerning miscellaneous matters relating to Mesopotamia, including Basra, and also Bahrain.The papers notably cover:The Iraq Occupied Territories code, 1915 (folios 672-722)Notes by Gertrude Bell on the administration of justice, tribal Sayyids, claims for compensation, and the Shia in IraqBahrain and its trade with the Arabian hinterlandThe interests of the Shaikh of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and the Shaikh of Kuwait in the Iraq Occupied Territories'Orders for the Trial of Inhabitants of the Country' (folio 182)Attitude of the Basra notables.The principal correspondents are: Percy Zachariah Cox, Chief Political Officer in Charge, Iraq Section; Gertrude Bell, Political Officer; the Officer in Charge, Cairo Section, Eastern Bureau; Director Military Intelligence, Cairo; the General Officer Commanding, Indian Expeditiory Force D; the Chief of the General Staff, Army Headquarters, Simla.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by the year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 725; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-723; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. There are multiple additional mixed foliation/pagination sequences. There is one foliation anomaly, f 360a.
55. File 4613/1919 Pt 1-8 'IRAQ:- LAND TENURE.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume comprises parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of 8. It concerns British land policy in the occupied territories of Mesopotamia [Iraq], particularly in relation to the sale, leasing or granting of land in the occupied territories to persons or companies that are not domiciled inhabitants of the territories; also covered are proposed acquisitions of land in Mesopotamia by the British authorities, for both civil and military purposes. Much of the correspondence discusses Ottoman law, international law, and regulations or restrictions imposed by the British authorities themselves, in relation to land transfer in Mesopotamia.The French language material consists of one enclosure that accompanies an item of correspondence in part 8 of the volume.Also included with the volume are several maps and plans depicting areas or sites discussed in the correspondence.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 329; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 100-160; these numbers are also written in pencil or crayon, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.