Abstract: The volume relates to ‘uprisings’ and violent incidents that took place against British political and military personnel in southern and central Kurdistan, a region which was of strategic importance to the British authorities in Mesopotamia. It comprises four parts (items) as follows:IOR/L/PS/10/833/1: Part 1, ‘MESOPOTAMIA Kurdistan: The Suleimanieh Outbreak’ (ff 207-284)IOR/L/PS/10/833/2: Part 2, ‘MESOPOTAMIA Kurdistan: The Amadia Incident’ (ff 143-206)IOR/L/PS/10/833/3: Part 3, ‘MESPOTAMIA KURDISTAN The AQRAH Incident: Murder of Messrs Bill & Scott’ (ff 57-142)IOR/L/PS/10/833/4: Part 4, ‘Mesopotamia: The Telafar Outrage’ (ff 1-56).The papers in each part mainly comprise: India Office Political Department circulation forms containing the file number, subject, and notes or comments written by senior department officials; copies of telegrams (in typescript and printed format); India Office minute papers containing draft letters; India Office draft telegrams; letters; memoranda; reports; and Foreign Office covering memoranda to enclosures.Each part includes a Political and Secret Department divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 284; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the leading flyleaf and the end flyleaf.
Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the military and political situation in Fars and Shiraz in 1918.Topics discussed in the volume include:Alleged plots against officers of South Persia RiflesThe affairs of the South Persia RiflesThe attitude of the Soulet-ed-DowlehThe actions of the Soulet-ed-Dowleh deemed hostile by the British.Included in the volume is a map of the northern section of the Persian Gulf (folio 162). The principal correspondents in the volume are: the Viceroy; Inspector-General, South Persia Rifles; HBM Minister, Tehran.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 210; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to policy on the political and military situation in Shiraz, and Bushire military operations in the period 1918-1920.Topics discussed in the volume include:Situation at Shiraz as recorded in the telegramsSituation in the Bushire hinterlandThe authorisation for the commencement of the advance from BushireProposed advance from Bushire: Persian Government's instructions to the governments of Gulf portsBushire-Shiraz operations and the question of withdrawal and evacuationThe Bushire-Shiraz road and the proposed further operations by the South Persia Rifles against the rebel khans, and the question of aerial bombardment.Included in the volume is a map of Bushire and its hinterland (folio 30).The principal correspondents in the volume are: the Viceroy; Inspector-General, South Persia Rifles; and HBM Minister, Tehran.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 299; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: This volume contains papers on the military situation in Persia [Iran] from January to June 1920. The majority of the papers consists of dispatches from the British Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, and instructions from the Foreign Office to the Minister in Tehran. The correspondence contains material relating to the following matters:The plan by Mushir-ed-Dowleh [Ḥasan Pīrnīyā, Mushīr al-Dawlah] to form a cabinet, and address a telegram to Kuchik Khan [Mīrzā Kuchak Khān Jangalī] to submit to the central governmentThe hesitance of Mushir-ed-Dowleh, possibly on the advice of the Shah [Aḥmad Shāh Qājār], not to form a government, due to perceived lack of support from the BritishThe discontinuation of the monthly allowance to the Shah, the possible return of Vossugh-ed-Dowleh [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Vusūq al-Dawlah] as Prime Minister, the expenses incurred by the Shah in Europe, and the subsidy for maintaining the Cossack Division [Cossack Brigade]The inclusion by Mushir-ed-Dowleh of Mukhbar-es-Sultaneh [Mahdī Qulī Khān Hidāyat, Mukhbir al-Salṭanah] in the cabinet to obtain the support of nationalistsThe likelihood of a Bolshevik takeover if British forces at Meshed [Mashhad] were withdrawn, and the possibly ‘fatal’ danger to India of a Bolshevik presence in KhorasanThe assurance that the British Government was prepared to give Mushir-ed-Dowleh a ‘fair trial’, and the latter’s consent to accept the Premiership based on that assumptionThe Jangali and Bolshevik takeover of the district of Tunekabun [Tonekabon], and the Persian Government’s proposal to ‘make use of Shahsevens [Shāhsivans] and people of Talish [Talesh]’, who are already armed and ‘anxious to attack Bolsheviks and Jangalis’The proposals of the Prime Minister of Persia, Mushir-ed-Dowleh, to dispatch a mission to Moscow to demand the ‘recall of Bolshevik troops’ and ‘cessation of propaganda’ in Persian territories, as well as a secret mission to religious authorities in Mesopotamia [Iraq], to persuade them to issue a fatwa condemning Bolshevism for being contrary to IslamThe urgent instructions to General Hugh Frederick Champain at Menjil [Manjil] to cover not only Kasvin [Qazvin], but also Tehran against an invasion from the north, and if necessary cover the withdrawal of the Persian Government and European community southwardsThe tensions between the Shah and Vossugh-ed-Dowleh, the breakdown of the working relationship between them, and the fall of Vossugh-ed-Dowleh’s governmentThe discussion between the British Minister in Tehran, Herman Norman, and Vossugh-ed-Dowleh, about the latter’s possible successors as Prime Minister, including Mushir-ed-Dowleh, Sipadar-Itapazan [Fatḥ Allāh Khān Akbar, Sipahdār-i A‘ẓam], and Mustaufi-ul-Mamalek [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Āshtīyānī, Mustawfī al-Mamalik]The Shah’s acceptance of Vossugh-ed-Dowleh’s resignation, and his summoning of Mushir-ed-Dowleh to form the new cabinet and government of PersiaA meeting between Herman Norman and Prince Firuz [Fīrūz Mīrzā Fīrūz Nuṣrat al-Dawlah III] and the latter’s views on Mushir-ed-Dowleh and the Anglo-Persian AgreementThe necessity of including a date of termination in the Anglo-Persian Agreement, the absence of which would ‘gravely prejudice’ its adoption by the Persian ParliamentA discussion between Herman Norman and Mushir-ed-Dowleh about the possible inclusion of Motamin-ul-Mulk [Ḥusayn Pīrnīyā, Mu’tamin al-Mulk], Samsam Sultane [Najaf Qulī Khān Bakhtīyārī, Ṣamṣām al-Salṭanah], Amiri Mufakham [Luṭf ‘Alī Khān Bakhtīyārī, Amīr Mufakham], and Nosrat-ed-Dowleh [Nuṣrat al-Dawlah III] in the new governmentThe recommendation by Herman Norman that Britain should come to terms with the Persian statesmen singled out to be punished for their conduct during the War, since they were ‘well looked upon by the people’ and hostility towards them would be counter-productiveThe determination of the British to single out the Persian statesmen Nizam-es-Sultaneh [Rizā Qulī Khān Nizām Māfī, Nizām al-Salṭanah], Mukhbar-es-Sultaneh, Mustaufi-ul-Mamalek, Mustashar-ed-Dowleh [Mīrzā Ṣādiq Khān Ṣādiq, Mustashār al-Dawlah] and Samsam for retribution on account of their ‘hostile actions’ against Britain during World War IThe report on the ‘internal military problems in Persia at present’, including: ‘1. Disorder in Luristan, 2. Rebellion in Azerbaijan, 3. Rebellion of Kuchik Khan in Gilan and 4. Rebellion in Mazandaran’The ‘external military problems in Persia at present’, including the ‘Bolshevik menace in North and North East Persia’ and ‘possible Turkish or Bolshevik incursions into Persian Azerbaijan’A raid carried out by Persian Democrats on the Iskandari Press, discovery of a ‘large quantity of Bolshevik literature’, and ‘abundant proof’ linking it to the German ConsulThe definition of the role of Norperforce [North Persia Force] as a military ‘outpost’, intended to act as a deterrent against the Bolshevik naval forces currently stationed at Enzeli [Anzali]The initiation of a plan for Turkish forces in Anatolia to cross northern Persia, and collaborate with the Bolshevik Government of Baku in attacking ArmeniaThe bombardment of Enzeli by Admiral Fyodor Raskolnikov, and the destruction of the remnants of General Anton Denikin’s fleet and the White Russian NavyThe departure of Sultan Kazim Khan for Astara to establish communication with the Persian Government, and departure of Halil Pasha and Dr Fuad Sabit-Bek for MoscowThe transfer of the Cossack Division, South Persia Rifles and Gendarmerie into the Regular Army of Persia and ‘disposal’ of General Starosselski [Vsevolod Staroselsky].’The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 332; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains multiple original foliation sequences.
Abstract: This volume contains correspondence on the political situation in Persia [Iran] from July to December 1920. The correspondence is primarily formed of exchanges between HM Minister in Tehran and the Foreign Office and includes material relating to:The accusations of Sepahdar [Muḥammad Valī Khān Tunikābunī, Sipahdār-i A‘ẓam] against Vossough-ed-Dowleh [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Vusūq al-Dawlah], Sarem-ed-Dowleh [Akbar Mīrzā Qājār, Ṣarim al-Dawlah] and Prince Firouz [Fīrūz Mīrzā Fīrūz, Nuṣrat al-Dawlah III] of having received large sums of money in bribes to support the Anglo-Persian AgreementThe recent defeat suffered by the Armenians, the Bolshevik threat posed to the Persian Province of Azerbaijan [Azarbaijan], the possibility of having to evacuate the provincial capital Tabriz, and the belief of General [William Edmund] Ironside that the Bolsheviks and Turks were ‘acting in conjunction’The discussion of the terms of the proposed Soviet-Persian Treaty between HM Minister in Tehran [Herman Cameron] Norman, the Persian Prime Minister and Mīrzā ‘Īsá KhānThe take-over of the Meshed [Mashhad]-Seistan [Sistan] telegraph line by the Indo-European Telegraph Company, the demand of the Persian Government for its restoration, and the Company’s reasons to retain possessionThe proposals of the Soviet Government to that of Persia for an anti-British alliance, conveyed through the Khan of Maku [Murtazā Qulī Khān Bayāt]The dismissal and departure of Colonel [Vsevolod] Staroselsky [Starosselsky], and suppression of demonstrations against the Anglo-Persian AgreementThe demands of the British Government that the Persian Medjliss [Majlis or Parliament] convene as soon as possible to approve the Anglo-Persian Agreement, and refusal to provide additional financial support to the Persian GovernmentThe departure of the Persian Ambassador in Constantinople [Istanbul] for Moscow, with the Persian Government’s demands that the Soviet Government abstain from ‘all interference in Persian affairs [,] provision of moral or material support to Persian insurgents, [and] all propaganda in Persia’The advance made on Resht [Rasht] by the Persian Cossack Brigade, its victory over a Bolshevik detachment and the capture of a cache of documents allegedly proving the deliberate planning of an invasion of Persia by the Soviet Government of AzerbaijanThe victory of the Bolsheviks over the Cossack Brigade at Enzeli [Anzali], the deployment by the British of Norperforce [North Persia Force] to Menjil [Manjil] to hold the line behind the retreating Cossacks, and reports that Kuchik Khan [Mīrzā Kuchak Khān Jangalī] had rejoined the BolsheviksThe departure of Agha Sheikh Mohammed Amin [Āqā Shaikh Muḥammad Amīn] and Seyyid Ahmed Behbaham [Sayyid Aḥmad Bihbahānī] with letters and presents from the Shah [Aḥmad Shāh Qājār] for the Mujtehids [Mujtahids] of Kerbela [Karbala] to issue a Fetva [fatwa] condemning the BolsheviksThe understanding reached between the Persian Government and Kuchik Khan, involving the latter’s submission if a strong force is sent to retake Resht from the BolsheviksThe attack by Persian rebels, supported by Bolsheviks, on the positions of Norperforce, led by General [Hugh Bateman-] Champain, and the latter’s retreat from MenjilThe dispatch of Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Beville Prideaux to Khorasan to assist the Governor-General in defending the province against the incursions of BolsheviksThe appointment of Colonel Starosselsky as commander of all the forces in the Caspian Provinces, and the consequent fall in prestige of British officers in PersiaThe activities of Khudduverdikhan [Khudā Virdī Khān], a Kurdish ex-brigand from Kuchan [Quchan] and prospective future Bolshevik Commissary of Khorasan.Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 356; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: This volume contains correspondence relating to the political situation in Persia [Iran] from December 1920 to May 1921. The correspondence is largely formed of exchanges between HM Ambassador in Tehran and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The correspondence in the volume contains material relating to the following matters:The plan for the amalgamation of the three schools of officers, the possible abolition of the ‘Cossack Division’ [Cossack Brigade] and Gendarmerie, and the appointment of the Military Governor of Tehran, Colonel Kazimkhan [Colonel Kāzim Khān Sayyāḥ], as Chief of StaffThe appeal of Farmanfarma [‘Abd al-Ḥusayn Mīrzā Farmānfarmā], through his son, for the British Government to intervene for a settlement with the Persian Government, which would allow Farmanfarma to leave the country immediately, following the overthrowing of the Qajar dynasty in PersiaThe clashes between the Bolsheviks and the Cossack Brigade in Gilan, and the protest made by the Persian Ambassador in Moscow Mushaver-ul-Mamalek [‘Alī Qulī Khān Mas‘ūd Ansārī, Mushāvir al-Mamālik] to the Soviet GovernmentThe march of Bolshevik troops from Julfa to Ordubad in Azerbaijan, aimed at preventing the retreat of the Armenian Army from Zangezur to Persia, and the apparent departure of the Ottoman Turkish and Kurdish allies of Simko [Ismā‘īl Āqā Shakāk, Simkū]The determination of Kuchik Khan [Mīrzā Kuchak Khān Jangalī] to resist any Persian Government advance towards Resht [Rasht], with a combined force of Gilanis, Azerbaijanis, Caucasians, Turks and KurdsThe application of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Government for advisors with administrative powers, and the possible appointment of William Morgan Shuster as manager of an ‘Agrarian Bank to be turned eventually into a National Bank’The promise of employment from Vosugh-ed-Dowleh [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Vusūq al-Dawlah] to Lieutenant-Colonel [Thomas Wolseley] Haig, the postponement of the contract under the government of Mushir-ed-Dowleh [Ḥasan Pīrnīyā, Mushīr al-Dawlah], and the possibility of obtaining a ‘suitable indemnity’ for Haig from the Persian GovernmentThe arrest of Sarem-ed-Dowleh [Akbar Mīrzā Qājār, Ṣarim al-Dawlah], Governor-General of Kermanshah and son of Zill-es-Sultan [Sulṭān Mas‘ūd Mīrzā Qājār, Zill al-Sulṭān]The withdrawal of Norperforce with the exception of a number of officers, and the takeover of certain positions by Persian forces to hold the front against the BolsheviksThe arrest of the Governor-General of Khorasan, Kavam-us-Sultaneh [Aḥmad Qavām, Qavām al-Salṭanah] and some of the notables of Meshed [Mashhad] by the GendarmerieA clash between the forces of Simko, apparently carrying the Turkish flag, and a force of Persian Cossacks, reinforced with a body of gendarmes and horsemen, and the order of the Government at Angora [Ankara] for all Turkish forces to withdraw from Persian AzerbaijanThe request of the Shah of Persia [Aḥmad Shāh Qājār] from the Prime Minister to agree to his early departure for Europe on grounds of illnessThe treaty between the Soviet Government and the Government of Persia, negotiated by Mushaver-ul-Mamalek and the President of the Council [Muḥammad Valī Khān Tunikābunī, Sipahdār-i Aʿẓam]The decision of the Persian Government to allow the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919 to lapse, because the drastic changes in the political situation had made it counterproductiveThe proposals for the reconstruction of the Persian Army, including the provision of surplus hardware and ammunition, and British officers for training and leadershipThe coup d’état carried out by the President in Council and Reza Khan [Rezā Khān Savādkūhī] (Persian Cossack Commander), and the arrest of officials suspected of corruption including Farmanfarma ‘pending disgorgement [of] all ill-gotten gains’A proposal for the establishment of a Perso-British-Azerbaijani commission to arrange the simultaneous withdrawal of British and Bolshevik forces from PersiaThe formation of a new government by Sipahdar, including Mohtashem-es-Sultani [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Isfandīyarī, Muḥtasham al-Salṭanah] as Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the retirement of Vahidul Mulk [Mīrzā ‘Abd al-Ḥusayn Shaybānī, Vaḥīd al-Mulk]The pilgrimage of Nosret ed Dowleh [Fīrūz Mīrzā Fīrūz, Nuṣrat al-Dawlah III] to Kazimain [Kazimayn], Kerbela [Karbala] and Najaf, and his procurement of a fatwa from the Chief Mujtahide [Mujtahid] pronouncing Bolshevism to be incompatible with IslamThe diplomatic activities of Sir Percy [Zachariah] Cox and the perception of an opportunity for Britain to transform and restore the authority of the Persian Government.The volume also contains a memorandum on the withdrawal of British forces from North-West Persia and its possible ramifications to inform future policy (ff 443-447).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 510; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains multiple original foliation sequences.
Abstract: This volume contains correspondence on the political and military situation in Persia [Iran] from April to December 1921. The correspondence is primarily formed of dispatches from HM Minister in Tehran to the Foreign Office, along with instructions from the Foreign Office to the Minister. It includes material relating to the following matters:The arrest of Zahir-ul-Islam [Sayyīd Javād Imāmī, Ẓahīr al-Islām] and other prominent politicians by the Persian Minister of War [Rezā Khān Savādkūhī, Sardār-i Sipah], under the charge of having conspired against the life of the Prime Minister [Aḥmad Qavām, Qavām al-Salṭanah] and himself, and the escape of the former Minister of Court, Mushar al-Mulk [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Mushār al-Mulk]The ratification of the Russo-Persian Treaty in the Persian Medjliss [Majlis, Parliament], despite the concessions granted to Standard Oil Company, and differences over certain articles of the Treaty, and the steps taken to ensure the passage of the Treaty by Soviet Ambassador Theodore RothsteinThe ‘lingering mistrust’ of Persians towards the British on account of their attitude to Islam and their aims in the country, and ‘maladministration and local causes of discontent’ as two major factors in favour of the Bolsheviks in PersiaA memorandum by the British Military Attaché in Tehran, Major Edward William Charles Noel, on the threat posed by the Bolsheviks to Persia, based on conversations with Mr Hildebrandt, the last ‘White Russian’ in charge of the LegationThe recovery of Resht [Rasht] and Enzeli [Anzali] from Soviet occupation, the death of Kuchik Khan [Mīrzā Kūchak Khān Jangalī] leader of the Jangalis, the redeployment of Persian Government forces to Azerbaijan against Kurdish leader Simko [Ismā‘īl Āqā Shakāk, Simkū], and the dismissal of Swedish officers from positions in command of the GendarmerieThe British plan to remove Arbab Kai Khosro [Kaykhusraw Shāhrukh, also known as Arbāb Kaykhusraw] as head of the Zoroastrian community and deputy in the Medjliss for his perceived anti-British views and communication with the Russian LegationThe attempts of the British Legation in Tehran to dissociate Britain from the rebellion of Colonel Mohammed Taqi [Colonel Muḥammad Taqī Khān Pisyān], despite the presence of as many as 1000 Barbaris [Hazaras] among the Colonel’s followersThe rebellion of Colonel Mohammed Taqi against the government of Kavam-us-Sultaneh [Qavām al-Salṭanah], the appointment of himself as Governor-General of the Province of Khorasan, and his eventual defeat and death at the hands of tribal forces in northern Khorasan, at the instigation of the Central Government of PersiaThe success of the Minister of War and the Shah of Persia in forcing the Prime Minister, Zia-ed-Din [Sayyid Ziyāʾ al-Dīn Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī] out of office, supported by ‘courtiers, priests, officials and other corrupt elements’, whose interests had been threatened, and the formation of a new government by Kavam-us-Sultaneh.The volume also includes a ‘Memorandum on England and Russia in Persia’ by W A Smart, Oriental Secretary of the British Legation at Tehran, 21 June 1921 (ff 174r-176r).Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 311; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: This volume contains correspondence on the political situation in Persia [Iran] from December 1921 to December 1923. It is primarily formed of exchanges between HM Minister in Tehran (Sir Percy Loraine) and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston). It includes material relating to the following matters:The resignation of Mushir-ed-Dowleh [Ḥasan Pīrnīyā, Mushīr al-Dawlah] as President of the Council and his replacement by Serdar Sepah [Rezā Khān Savādkūhī, Sardār-i Sipah]The departure of the Shah of Persia [Aḥmad Shāh Qājār] for Europe, arranged through the mediation of HM Minister in Tehran with Serdar SepahThe position of the Persian tribes south of the Tehran-Khanikin [Khanaqin] road and the plans of the Minister of War [Sardār-i Sipah] for dealing with themThe arrest of former Prime Minister, Qawam-es-Sultaneh [Aḥmad Qavām, Qavām al-Salṭanah], in connection with a plot to assassinate the Minister of WarThe fall of the cabinet of Mustaufi-ul-Mamalek [Mīrzā Ḥasan Āshtīyānī, Muṣtawfī al-Mamālik]The appointment of the new Prime Minister, Mustaufi-ul-Mamalek, and the announcement of his eight-point programme to the Persian Medjliss [Majlis, or Parliament]The dissatisfaction with Qawam’s conduct of affairs in the Medjliss, his failure to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union, and the fall of Qawam-es-Sultaneh’s GovernmentThe reconciliation brought about between Soulet-ed-Dowleh [Ismā‘īl Khān Qashqāy, Ṣawlat al-Dawlah], de facto Ilkhani of the Keshgais [Qashqāys] and Qawam-ul-Mulk [Ibrāhīm Khān Qavām, Qavām al-Mulk V], head of the Khamseh [Khamsah] TribesThe communique issued by Reza Khan [Reżā Khān], the Minister of War, assuming the entire responsibility for the coup d’etat of Sayyid Zia ed Din [Sayyid Ziyāʾ al-Dīn Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī]The relations between Loraine and the Bakhtiari Khans, including Sasam es Saltaneh [Najaf Qulī Khān Bakhtīyārī, Ṣamṣam al-Salṭanah], Sardar Jang [Naṣīr Khān Bakhtīyārī, Sardar-i Jang], and Sardar Ashjaa [Sulṭān Muḥammad Khān Bakhtīyārī, Sardar-i Ashjaʾ]A raid carried out by Sardar Naser Sanjabi [Qāsim Khān Sanjābī, Sardār-i Nāsir] and Sardar Rashid [‘Abbās Khān Ardalān, Sardār-i Rashīd] against Sayyid-ud-Daulah [Sayyīd Qaydār Hāshimī, Sayyid al-Dawlah] and the Waladbegi [Valadbaygī] Tribe.The volume also includes memoranda and records of interviews and conversations with the War Minister, Reza Khan, on 17 August 1922 (f 127), 15 July 1922 (ff 168-170), 14 and 15 May 1922 (ff 193-196), 14 April 1922 (ff 216-220), 22 January 1922 (ff 272-274); the Valiahd [Valī ‘Ahd, or Crown Prince, Muḥammad Ḥasan Mīrzā Qājār], June 1922 (ff 156-164); and the Bakhtiari Khans mentioned above on 2 January 1922 (ff 246-249).Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 307; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: The volume contains letters and enclosures from Captain John Malcolm, British Envoy at Abusheher [Bushehr, various spellings appear in the volume] to the Earl of Mornington, Governor-General, Fort William (Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess, Wellesley, spelled Marquis in the volume). Letters were also sent to Neil Benjamin Edmonstone, Secretary to the Government in the Secret Political and Foreign Department, Fort William; Lieutenant-Colonel William Kirkpatrick, Secretary to the Government in the Foreign Department, Fort William; Jonathan Duncan, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai]; Henry Dundas, President of the Board of Control; and to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors.The letters cover a variety of issues and topics including:Malcolm's journey to Persia [Iran], via Muscat, and his meeting with the Imam of Oman [Sayyid Sulṭān bin Aḥmad Āl Bū Sa‘īd, also written as Imaum]Malcolm's arrival at Abusheher and his reception by Persian officialsHis visits to a number of cities and regions including: Muscat, Hormuz [Jazireh-ye Hormoz], Kishm [Qishm], Anjam, Sheraz [Shiraz, various spellings appear in the volume], Isfahaun [Isfahan], Kashan [Kashan], and Teheraun [Tehran]Malcolm’s observations on the following: a general view of the former trade of European nations with the Persian Gulph [Gulf], from its first establishment until the year 1763; the present state of the trade with the Persian Gulph; the model by which the East India Company (EIC) could improve its trade; the port best situated for a settlement in the Gulph; an estimate of revenues and expenses; and the best way to carry this plan (ff 29-62)His communication with the ambassadors from the late Tippoo Sultan [Sulṭān Fātiḥ ʻAlī Ṣāḥib Tīpū, Ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, d 1799], to the Court of Persia offering his advice to enable them to return to IndiaCorrespondence with Jaffier Ali Khan [Ja‘far ‘Alī Khān, various spellings appear in the volume], ‘Native Agent’ in Sheraz; and with Mirza Mehdi Alli Khan [Mirzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān, various spellings appear in the volume], ‘Native Agent’ in AbusheherMalcolm’s memoir on the origin and rise to power of the Royal Family of Persia, covering narration of the character of Baba Khan [Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh Qājār], his ministers and generals, the Persian army, the internal state of Persia, and its foreign relations (ff 68-76)‘Abridged memoir of the Khajar [Qājār] Family’ (ff 77-92)Reports received from Herat about the advance of Zemaun Shah’s army [Zamān Shāh Durānī, Amīr of Afghanistan] in PersiaRussian-Persian war over GeorgiaPersian-Afghan WarBritish-Afghan relations‘Substance of a Declaration or manifest of the Empress Catherine the 2nd on taking up arms against Aka Mahummud Khan [Āqā Muḥammad Khān Qājār], King of Persia, printed at Astracan [Astrakhan] 23rd May 1796 in the Russian and Armenian languages’ (ff 114-117)Translations of rukums [royal grants confirming specific trading privileges] from the Shah of Persia, Futteh Ally Khaun [Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh Qājār, various spellings appear in the volume] (ff 128-129 and ff 182-183)The relations between Zemaun Shah and the late Tippoo SultanArrangements for Malcolm to meet with the Shah of PersiaThe French activities in Baghdad [also spelled as Bagdad] and Bussorah [Basra]The appointment of certain officials in the Persian CourtThe communication between the Shah of Persia and Prince Mahomood [Maḥmūd Shāh Durānī, brother of Zamān Shāh]Copies of a Political treaty (ff 247v-251) and a Commercial treaty (ff 253v-259r) between the English Government and the Government of Persia. Each treaty was preceded by firmaun [farman, also spelled as Firimaun] from Futteh Ally Khaun (ff 246-247, 252-253, and 258v-259r)The possibilities of the Russian Government forming a connection either with the Aosbegs [Uzbeks] led by Shah Mooraud [Shāh Murād r 1785–1800], Zemaun Shah, or the Persians for the purpose of invading IndiaMalcolm’s arrival at Baghdad and his meeting with Soliman Pacha [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, also spelled as Pashaw]; Harford Jones, British Resident at Baghdad; and Samuel Manesty, British Resident at BussorahA journal of Malcolm’s mission to Persia including notes on the manners and habits of the Persian Court, and details of general military affairs in the region (ff 288-291).Further correspondence, included as enclosures in the volume, comes from Persian officials: Cheragh Ali Khan, Wakeelud dawlah [Chirāgh ‘Alī Khān Navā’ī, Wakil al-Dawlah, Vizier to the Prince Regent of Shiraz]; Hajy Abrahim [Ḥājjī Ibrāhīm Khān Zand Kalāntar Shīrāzī, Eʿtemād al-Dawlah, Persian Prime Minister]; and Reza Kouli Khan, Governor of Kazeroon (Rezā Qulī Khān, Governor of Kazerun]. Besides some intelligence received from notable merchants, and native inhabitants of Afghanistan, Georgia and Persia.The volume includes some duplications, and some faded letters/enclosures.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 293; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The correspondence includes copies of letters, translated letters, and secret and political consultations related to the following:‘Deputation of Mehedi Ali Khan [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān, several spellings appear in this part] to the Court of Persia [Iran] for the purpose of counteracting the designs of Zeman Shah [Zamān Shāh Durrānī, Amīr of Afghanistan, also spelled Zemaun] against Hindostan [Subcontinental India]’The progress of Mehedi Ali Khan’s negotiations with Persian officials at Tahiran [Tehran, also spelled as Teheran] including the Grand Vizier, Hajy Mirza Ibraheem Khan [Ḥājī Ibrāhīm Khān Zand Kalantar Shīrāzī, Eʿtemād al-Dawlah, Persian Prime Minister], and the King of Persia [Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh Qājār, also called Bābā Khān]Appointment of Captain John Malcolm to the office of Envoy from the British Government to the Court of Persia on 12 October 1799The British offer of supplies of arms to the Persian GovernmentExchange of letters with Hajy Mahomed Kheleel Mullik Ettijar, native of Hazbin [Qazwin] [Ḥājī Muḥammad Khalīl Qazwīnī, Malik al-Tujjār of the Persian Empire, various spellings of his name and title feature] related to his help with the execution of the Company’s charges in Bushire [Bushehr]A list of superfine broad cloth to deliver in PersiaThe trading activities of the Governor of Bushire, Sheikh Naser Khan [Shaikh Naṣr Āl Madhkūr, son of Shaikh Nāṣir Āl Madhkūr, also spelled as Nusser]The rebellion of the Governor of Fars, Hussan Kully Khan [Ḥasan Qulī Khān]Notes on the King of Persia, his family and wealthExchange of letters between Sheikh Naser Khan of Bushire and Jonathan Duncan, the Governor at Bombay, regarding Mehedi Ali Khan’s position in BushireThe efforts of Mehedi Ali Khan to send the two princes, Mahomed [Maḥmūd Shāh Durrānī] and Ferouze [Fayrūz Shāh Durrānī] brothers of Zeman Shah, towards Herat [also spelled as Huraut] and Candahar [Kandahar] via Khorassan [Khorasan]Account of Abdur Reheem [‘Abd al-Raḥīm Khān Shīrāzī, Beglerbegi of Iraq] from the Royal Residence in Tahiran in relation to the happenings at the Persian Court; Mehedi Ali Khan’s personality and achievements; and the issue of Zeman ShahGovernor General, Lord Mornington [Richard Colley Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley of Norragh], honouring Mehedi Ali Khan and Hajy Mahomed Kheleel with a ‘khilaut’ [
khil'a, distinction] for their good conduct in PersiaA translated copy of a firmaun [farmān] from the King of Persia regarding the relations of his country with the EnglishDetails of the internal affairs of MuscatFrench activities in the GulfThe activities of Armenian vesselsNews of correspondence being established between Tippo Sultaun [Sulṭān Fātiḥ ‘Alī Ṣāḥib Tīpū, Ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore] and Zeman Shah, and their shared feelings against the English presence in IndiaZeman Shah’s anti Shea [Shi‘a] policyCommunication with Soliman Basha [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, also spelled as Soleyman] of Bagdad [Baghdad, also spelled as Bagdat]The French siege of Akkah (Acre, also spelled as Akka), and the response of the Ottoman and the BritishThe Ottomans and Wahabies [Wahhābīs] reaching an agreement regarding the governing of Lehesa [Al-Ahsa]Instructions and information to Captain Malcolm about his trip to PersiaThe movements of the Ottoman troops in SyriaThe possibility of the British establishing relations with Zeman ShahOttoman-Persian relationsOttoman-British relationsRussian-Persian relationsFrench-Arab relations.Physical description: 1 item (126 folios)
Abstract: Copies of official correspondence to and from Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Charles Gonne, Secretary to the Government of Bombay; the Political Agent at Muscat (Colonel Herbert Disbrowe, Captain George Andrew Atkinson) and the Secretaries to the Government of India (Charles Girdlestone, William Muir). There is also enclosed correspondence on behalf of the Secretary of State for India (Sir Stafford Northcote, The Duke of Argyll, The Marquess of Salisbury, and the Viscount Cranbrook) and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (the Earl of Clarendon).The correspondence covers there main areas in relation to affairs in the Persian Gulf:The situation in Muscat including the dispute between the Sultan of Muscat and the Wahabees [Wahhabi]; threats to the Sultanship from Ibrahim bin Qais and Azzan bin Qais; and the attempts by Sayyid Turki bin Said al-Said to overthrow his nephew Sayyid Salim II bin Thuwaini al-Said.The resolution of affairs in relation to Bahrein [Bahrain], Guttur [Qatar] and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] following acts of plunder and aggression undertaken by members of their tribes against Persian and Arabian towns and villages. The correspondence refers to Bahrein and Aboothabee's reaffirmation of their commitment to the maritime peace treaty and the signing of the treaty by Mahommed ben Sanee [Muhammad bin Thānī] of Guttur, as well as decisions in regard to the sanctions against Mohammed ben Khalifah [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], the orchestrator of the acts of aggression.Questions regarding the sovereignty of Bahrein and Guttur. The correspondence includes details of both Persia and Turkey's claims to the sovereignty of Bahrein and includes translations of letters from Mahommed ben Khalifah [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] in which he recognises Persia's sovereignty of Bahrein and its peoples and concerns over Turkish claims of sovereignty following the death of a Turkish General on the mainland near Bahrein.The question of the sovereignty of Guttur relates to its recognition by Lewis Pelly in 1868 in signing the maritime peace treaty and arrangements made by Pelly for the tribute paid by Guttur to Bahrein to be paid through the Political Residency, which the British Government viewed as simply an arrangement to pay tribute to protect both states frontiers against the Naim [Āl Na‘īm] and Wahabee [Wahhabi] tribes, rather than a statement of Guttur's independence.Physical description: Foliation: The contents of the file have been foliated using a pencil number enclosed in a circle located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio.
Abstract: Copy of dispatch No. 31 from the East India Company Envoy to Persia [Iran], Lieutenant-Colonel John Macdonald Kinneir, in Tabreez [Tabriz], to the Chief Secretary to the Supreme Government of India, George Swinton, of 16 January 1827. Macdonald Kinneir reports his journey to Tabreez on the Shah of Persia’s bidding following concerns that Abbas Meerza [Crown Prince of Persia, 'Abbās Mīrzā Qājār] might attempt to hamper peace negotiations between Russia and Persia, and also details the invasion of Carabaugh [Karabakh] by two columns of Russian troops, the largest led by General Madadoff [General Valerian Madatov]. Macdonald Kinneir details the strength and composition of these columns, the defeat of the smaller column, and the unopposed advance of Madadoff’s column, which he believes may threaten Ardebil [Ardabil] or Tabreez. He also reports Abbas Meerza’s efforts to gather his forces to oppose the Russians, and the lack of defensive preparations made by the Persians, but indicates that he does not believe that General Madadoff’s force will meet with success, given its small size and the winter conditions.This document was originally enclosed in Macdonald Kinneir’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 17 January 1827 (IOR/L/PS/9/70/175).Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)