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13. 'File 61/13 [II] (D 167) Wahabis and pilgrimage to Hedjaz'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda, and reports relating to the Hajj pilgrimage to the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina. The majority of the correspondence is between the British Legation in Jeddah, the Foreign Office in London, the Government of India, the British Residency in Bushire, the British Ministers in Cairo and Baghdad, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, and Ibn Sa'ud.Contained in the volume are the annual reports on the pilgrimage composed by the Agent in Jeddah for the years 1936-39 and 1941-43. Each report consists of some or all of the following:a general introduction;information on quarantine;statistics;information on health, transport, customs, 'mutawwifs' (pilgrim guides), religious policy, tariffs and the cost of pilgrimage, and pilgrims from other Muslim regions of the British Empire (India, Afghan, Malay, West Africa, Sudan, Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan, Sarawak, Somalia, Zanzibar and East Africa, South Africa, Aden, Hadhramaut, Muscat, Bahrain, and Kuwait).A major theme of the volume is the difficulty in getting Indian Muslims to Mecca overland from the Persian Gulf due to the dangers of the shipping lanes in wartime. Many of the documents are concerned with the issues of transport, cost, health, and supply of the routes from Iraq via Najaf and Medina, and from Kuwait via Riyadh.Physical description: Main foliation sequence: numbers are written in pencil and circled, in the top right corner on the recto of each folio. The numbering, which starts on the front cover of the volume and ends on the inside back cover, is as follows: 1A-1D, 2-262.Secondary and earlier foliation sequence: the numbers 1 to 322 are written in pencil in the top right corner on the recto of each folio, except for the internal office notes at the back of the volume, which are paginated in pencil from 1 to 23. Published copies of four British Government reports at the front of the volume (renumbered as folios 2-63) also have pencilled page numbers written on them.Condition: broken spine cover.
14. 'File 6/30 Foreign Interests: Saudi Arabian Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a copy of the Saudi Arabian Nationality Regulation No. 3, 1938 (folios 3-6) and a report on the pilgrimage to the Holy Places of the Hejaz (Mecca and Medina) compiled by the British Consulate in Jeddah in 1944 (folios 9-20).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 21; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-20; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
15. 'File E-8 VI. Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials at Bahrain and Basrah, Baghdad Bushire and Kuwait, as well as with ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd). Throughout the file, there are items of numerous correspondence with Ibn Sa'ud detailing his subsidy, ongoing conflict with Ibn Rashīd of Ḥā’il and Sharīf Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī of Mecca at al-Khurmah and Turabah, as well as his views on British and French involvement in Syria, Iraq and Palestine.Contained within the file are papers related to Harold Richard Patrick Dickson's 1920 visit to Ibn Sa‘ūd at al-Ḥasa to discuss his subsidy, the Najd Mission to Bombay, the situation in Syria and Iraq, the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and his relations with Sharīf Ḥusayn. Included is Dickson's correspondence (folios 11-14, 33-42, 51-58, 99-103 and 159-199); a list of cash presents made by him (folios 59-60); and 'Diary of Political Agent, Bahrain, during his recent journey to Hassa and back January 29th to February 20th 1920' (folios 61-77, including a rough sketch of the town of Hofuf on folio 66). As a result of his visit to al-Ḥasa, Dickson also compiled 'Notes on the "Akhwan" Movement' which details the history, theology and customs of the Ikhwān movement, the system of Ibn Sa‘ūd's government, and its connection with the movement, and a list of settlements ( hijar) established by the movement (folios 105-120). There is also an extract from the Bahrain Political Agent's diary dated 31 December 1919 on the influence of the Ikhwān movement in Bahrain (folios 23-25).In the context of Ibn Sa‘ūd's ongoing conflict with Sharīf Ḥusayn, there are reports of attacks on villages in the vicinity of Taif (folios 212-217); letters written by Sharīf Ḥusayn, Khālid bin Manṣūr, Amir of al-Khurma, and Muḥammad bin Sa‘d bin Ghannām, Amir of Turabah (folios 230-239); and details of a mission from Sharif Faysal to Riyadh requesting Ibn Sa'ud's friendship (folios 242-267). In addition there is correspondence concerning a deputation from Kuwait to Riyadh following rising tensions between Ibn Sa‘ūd and Shaikh Sālim al-Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ as a result attacks by the Ikhwān movement under the leadership of Fayṣal al-Dawīsh (folios 346, 352-363).Also covered in great length within the file are preparations for a proposed meeting between Ibn Sa‘ūd and Sharīf Ḥusayn (folios 204-211, 221-226) in Aden with the possibility of Farḥān al-Rahmah or Dhari Beg accompanying Dickson on the mission (folios 315-318). In various correspondence with Ibn Sa‘ūd it is proposed that such a meeting should take place after the hajjpilgrimage; Ibn Sa‘ūd performing the Hajj; Najd pilgrims should be accompanied by a qualified Indian Muslim officer and a meeting take place in Mecca between Ibn Sa‘ūd and Sharīf Ḥusayn (folios 319-328, 338-343). Khan Sayid Siddiq Hasan, Indian assistant at the Bahrain Agency, is proposed to accompany Najd pilgrims (folios 350-351). Sharīf Ḥusayn agreees to these terms (folios 374, 379). However, due to the requirement to limit the number of Najd pilgrims, Ibn Sa‘ūd is advised to refrain from making pilgrimage himself (folios 435-439 and 444).Also included within the file is correspondence concerning:Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd's visit to London (folios 45 and 92) and the announcement in The Timesof his marriage to his first cousin, the daughter of Muhammad ibn Saud [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Āl Sa‘ūd] dated 5 June 1920 (folios 407-409);obtaining rice and cereal for Najd from India (folios 94 and 148-149);arranging for an Indian Muslim doctor to visit Riyadh (folio 146, 153, 260-261, 289, 311-312);reports in July 1920 that a number of Ibn Sa‘ūd's family members are sick and a request that Dr Paul Wilberforce Harrison of the Arabian Mission to visit Riyadh (folios 334-336);discussion of possibility of an aerodrome in Bahrain (folio 288) and aeroplanelandings in Eastern Arabia (folios 300-303);a proposed port at al-‘Uqayr and building a harbour at al-Jubayl (folios 138-143);Ibn Sa‘ūd's congratulations to Arnold Talbot Wilson upon being awarded the KCIE (Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire) (folios 394-396).Physical description: Foliation: This file has an uncircled foliation number in the top right hand corner of recto of each folio.
16. Affairs in Sinde and Elsewhere
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 15 of 1841, dated 28 February 1841. The enclosures are dated 14 November 1840 to 28 February 1841, and mostly consist of copies of correspondence sent and received by the Government of Bombay.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Secretary to the Government of Bombay (John Pollard Willoughby); the Secretary to the Government of India (Thomas Herbert Maddock); the Political Agent in Lower Sinde; the Quarter Master General of the Bombay Army; and the Bombay Military Board.Many of the enclosures concern military affairs in Sinde [Sindh, also spelled Scinde in the item], including the purchase of camels for the use of the troops in Upper Scinde, and the distribution of the Sinde Field Force under the command of Major-General G B Brooks.The enclosures also discuss matters including:Custom duties at the Port of Soomeeanee [Sonmiani, also spelled Sonmeeanee in this part]The arrival of a Bombay merchant at Hyderabad bearing letters to Meer Nusseer Khan, Ameer of Sinde [Amir of Sindh], labelled as being from Syud Mahomed Bakur Rushte Isfahnee, head Moollah [Mullah] of the Persian [Iranian] CourtThe establishment of depots at Poona [Pune] and Ahmedabad for the accommodation of the families of Native troops employed in service beyond the British FrontierThe despatch of a gun and ammunition as a present to the Dewan of Pahlunpoor [Palanpur, also spelled Pahlunpore in this item]The inconvenience experienced by boats entering the Harbour of Kurrachee [Karachi] being compelled to report their arrival to the officer commanding the vessel stationed off that Port, and the view of the Political Agent in Lower Sinde that such a measure was unnecessary for the prevention of the importation of slaves, as only boats which had come from the Coast of Arabia were ever likely to contain any slaves, and those boats were liable to be stopped on the high seasThe request of Meer Nusseer Khan, Amir of Sindh, for a passage in the first steam ship to Suez for a confidential attendant of his late brother Meer Noor Mahomed Khan, to perform the Hadj [Hajj] to Mecca on his behalfRecent events in Herat.This part also includes newsletters from the Government of India, reporting intelligence received from various places including: the North West Frontier, Gwalior, Mysore, and other areas of India, and Afghanistan, China, and Nipal (Nepal).Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-63, on folios 175-185. These numbers are repeated for reference on the last verso of each enclosure. Enclosures 61-63 are not included in the volume.
17. Ext 338/44 'Ill treatment of Persian pilgrims at Mecca'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding the execution without trial of a Persian pilgrim, accused of defiling the Great Mosque of Mecca, and ensuing agitation amongst Persian and other Shiah Muslims. The primary correspondents are: British Legation, Tehran; British Legation, Baghdad; British Legation, Jeddah; Foreign Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
18. Jawāb fī al-takrār al-wāqiʻ fī al-Qurʼān al-karīm : manuscript, 1852
Risālah fī al-takrār al-wāqiʻ fī al-Qurʼān al-karīm
Mukarrar fī al-Qurʼān
Manāsik sharīfah
Qurʼan
- Description:
- Title from f. 1v.According to the colophon (f. 7v), copy completed on 22 Muḥarram 1269 AH November 5, 1852 AD in the hand of Muṣṭafá ibn Muḥammad al-ʻUrḍī al-Ḥalabī, most probably in Damascus. "Manāsik sharīfah" completed by the same copyist on 25 Muḥarram 1269 AH November 8, 1852 AD.Written in one column, from 20 to 21 lines per pages, in black rubricated in red.Unbound.With: Beginning of a text by Khālid ibn Aḥmad al-Shahrazūrī al-Naqshbandī al-Mujaddidī on the theological question of kasb (ff. 4v-5r) ; Manāsik sharīfahjamʻ al-Mawlá al-Sayyid Muḥammad ʻUmar al-Ghazzī (ff. 5v-7v).MS Arab 151. Houghton Library, Harvard University.In Arabic
19. Turkish Arabia Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 16 of 1847, dated 12 February 1847. The enclosure is dated 11 December 1846.The enclosure comprises two copies of the same despatch from Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], forwarding, for the information of the Government of Bombay and the Governor-General of India, copies of his communications to Henry Wellesley, HM Minister Plenipotentiary at Constantinople [Istanbul], reporting on affairs in the Bagdad Pachalic [Baghdad Pashalik].The papers cover Rawlinson’s concerns that the recent death of Moollah Abdooll Azzeez [Mullā ‘Abd al-‘Azīz], the Persian [Iranian] Consul in Baghdad (also referred to as the ‘Persian Agent’), will engender a number of problems in the Pashalic. He refers to the following:The number of pilgrims in the city without a ‘national protector’The increased mutual depredations of the Turco-Persian frontier tribesThe inability and unwillingness of the unpaid deputy of the late Agent to ‘deal with political questions of any magnitude’ including representing Persia at a conference proposed (on the orders of Tehran) by the Governor of Kermanshah on the frontier to settle the differences between tribes preparatory to the settlement provided for in the Treaty (of Erzurum)Rawlinson’s lack of authority from the Foreign Office to represent Persian interests, but intention to mediate between Nejib Pasha [Muḥammad Najīb Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] and the Persian authorities to promote good relations.Physical description: 1 item (8 folios)
20. Kitāb al-Futūḥāt al-Kawwāzīyah fī al-siyāḥah ilá al-arāḍī al-Ḥijāzīyah
Futūḥāt al-Kawwāzīyah fī al-siyāḥah ilá al-arāḍī al-Ḥijāzīyah
- Description:
- taʼlīf ʻAbd Allāh Afandī Bāsh Aʻyānʹzādah.
21. Coll 30/153 'Visit of Sheikh of Bahrain to Mecca.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the visit of the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Sir Hamad bin Isa al Khalifah [Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], to Mecca in order to undertake the Hajj (January 1938).The papers include: the decision to allow Shaikh Hamad to travel to Saudi Arabia aboard a Royal Navy ship (HMS Londonderry); reports on the Shaikh's visit by HM Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader William Bullard); and a report on the Shaikh's passage on the Londonderry, with papers concerning a request for payment for the purchase of articles on board ship for the use of the Shaikh, June - July 1938.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 47; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
22. Coll 6/49 'Railways and Communications: Proposed Jedda-Mecca Railway. Motor Transport Arrangements.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the progress of schemes relating to the improvement of transport and communications in Saudi Arabia.The file largely consists of copies of correspondence received by the Foreign Office from His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, succeeded by Sir Reader William Bullard) and His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill, and in later correspondence, Alan Charles Trott), which includes discussion of the following:Details of a failed concession for a Mecca-Jedda railway, granted by the Government of Saudi Arabia in 1933 to an Indian doctor and businessman named Saiyid Abdul Khadir Jeelani, who is reportedly unable to obtain financial support for the scheme.Difficulties regarding motor transport arrangements in Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage season, following the creation of a motor transport monopoly in Saudi Arabia in 1936.Details of an agreement, dated 5 October 1939, between the Saudi Arabian and Egyptian Governments, primarily relating to construction and repair work on the road between Jedda and Arafat, and on certain parts of the Medina-Mecca road (the agreement also concerns the provision of water and electricity in Saudi Arabia).The file's other principal correspondents are the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, the Chief Secretary of the Government of Madras, and various correspondents from the Foreign Office.In addition to correspondence, the file includes a copy of the scheme for the construction of a Jedda-Mecca railway and a copy of the aforementioned agreement between the Government of Saudi Arabia and the Government of Egypt.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 110; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-110; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
23. Coll 6/82 'Saudi Arabia: Removal from Jedda, of Indian Vice-Consul, Pilgrimage officer (Bahadur Ihsanullah), owing to Saudi intrigues against him.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the early retirement of the Indian Vice-Consul at Jedda, Khan Bahadur Ihsanullah, in 1937, due to what are referred to as intrigues against him.The correspondence includes details of Ihsanullah's position as Vice-Consul, which he has held since 1918. It discusses his duties as pilgrimage officer, which consist of protecting and catering for pilgrims from India and other British territories, and names those groups that are deemed by the British to be responsible for the intrigues against him. Ihsanullah's zeal on behalf of Indian pilgrims is also mentioned as being a factor, since it is reported to have caused friction between Ihsanullah and the Saudi authorities.The correspondence includes discussion of the possibility of Ihsanullah being transferred to Aden, the arrangements for Ihsanullah's pension, the effect that his retirement is likely to have on Indian pilgrims, and the question of who should succeed him in his post. The principal correspondents regarding this matter are the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India (Sir Samuel Findlater Stewart), His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader William Bullard), and officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India's Foreign Department (later External Affairs Department).Also included is correspondence between His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert), and the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which discusses the case of a former servant of Ihsanullah's who sought refuge from her husband with Ihsanullah and his family.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 124; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
24. Coll 6/94 'INDIAN REPRESENTATION AT JEDDA'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to British Indian (and later, Indian and Pakistani) representation in Jedda, Saudi Arabia.The earlier correspondence (1937-1946) concerns successive appointments for the position of Indian Vice-Consul at Jedda, whose main responsibilities relate to the interests of Indian pilgrims in Saudi Arabia. Also discussed are details regarding pay and periods of employment for postholders.The later correspondence (1947-1948) concerns arrangements for diplomatic representation in Saudi Arabia for the newly-independent governments of India and Pakistan. It includes discussion of the Indian Government's wish to appoint its own representative in Jedda, under the rank of Consul.The main correspondents are the following: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (later referred to as Ambassador at Jedda; named postholders include Sir Reader William Bullard and later Laurence Barton Grafftey-Smith, succeeded by Alan Charles Trott); the High Commissioner for the United Kingdom in India (Terence Shone); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India's External Affairs Department, and the Office of the High Commissioner for India in London.The file includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year, one of which is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 1), while the other can be found at folio 38.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 93; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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