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37. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 26 of 1856, dated 16 April 1856. The enclosures are dated 7 October 1855-12 April 1856.The enclosures relate to British policy towards the intended migration of the Al Ali [Āl ‘Alī] tribe, residing at Ges [Kish, also was known as Kenn, also spelled Geis in this item], to the Arabian coast in the neighbourhood of Kutiffe [Al-Qaṭīf], and British reaction to their actual migration to Demaum [Dammam]. They cover the efforts of Lieutenant Frederick Disbrowe, Assistant Resident, Persian Gulf, and Commander Felix Jones, Indian Navy, Acting Resident, Persian Gulf, to prevent a further attack on Bahrein [Bahrain] and disorder in the Gulf from disrupting British trade, and chiefly comprise their letters to or correspondence with the following:Mahomed ben Khuleefa, Sheikh of Bahrein [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah, also spelled Khulifa in this item]Commodore Richard Ethersey, Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, and other senior Indian Navy officers and vessel commandersSheikh Mahomed ben Abdullah, Sheikh of Demaum [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh, Shaikh of Dammam], who was in dispute with the Sheikh of Bahrein over re-establishing his claim to the ‘chieftainship’ of Bahrein and who had attacked Bahrein the previous yearAli bin Sultan [Alī bin Sulṭān], chief of the Al Ali tribe, who had allied with the Sheikh of Demaum in the attack on Bahrein in the previous yearThe Wahabee Ameer [Wahhābī Amīr] Fysul [Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh, Āl Sa‘ūd], Ruler of Nedjid [Najd]The British Agent at BahreinThe Government of Bombay.The papers notably cover and include:Disbrowe’s dissuasion of the Sheikh of Bahrein from undertaking offensive action against the Al Ali and advice to confine himself to defensive actionsThe Wahabee Ameer’s claim that he would prefer Ali bin Sultan and his Al Ali followers not to migrate to his territory, but that he would not be ‘inhospitable’ to them if they did locate in Wahabee country, and the Government of Bombay’s belief that the Ameer in reality supports hostilities against the Sheikh of BahreinWarnings given: by Disbrowe to Ali bin Sultan, not to break the agreement he made with Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, former Resident in the Persian Gulf, to give three months’ notice of any intention to move from Ges; and by Jones to the Sheikh of Demaum that harbouring the Al Ali is a violation of his agreement with KemballThe belief of Disbrowe and Jones that, despite his denials, the Sheikh of Demaum instigated the migration of the Al Ali to his territoryThe instructions given by Disbrowe and Jones to commanding officers of the Naval Squadron in the Gulf regarding measures to enforce the removal of Ali bin Sultan and his followers from Demaum, including issuing warnings, ultimatums, threats and, as a last resort, capturing the Al Ali’s boats and valuables and taking them to Bassidore [Basaidu], whilst carefully restricting any actions of force to sea and portsThe authorisation by the Honorary Board, Bombay, to Jones to assemble a sufficient naval force and use coercion to make the Al Ali leave Demaum, including permission to burn their boats.Physical description: 1 item (48 folios)
38. Aden Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 54 of 1843, dated 18 July 1843. The enclosures are numbered 3-43 and are dated 21 March to 17 July 1843.The enclosures mostly consist of correspondence, minutes of the Governor of Bombay subscribed to by the Board, and audits of disbursements, relating to affairs of Aden and the Northeast African coast. They concern matters including:The Political Agent at Aden, Stafford Bettesworth Haines, reporting that relations between the Arab tribes in the neighbourhood of Aden continue to be ‘tranquil’, that supplies into Aden are plentiful, and that the three convicts who escaped from confinement had not yet been apprehendedHaines reporting the return of the Honourable Company’s brig of war Tigrisfrom Zanzibar and the north-east coast of Africa, and submitting a report by the commander of the Tigris, Lieutenant William Christopher, of his proceedingsThe approval of the Governor of Bombay in Council of Christopher’s proceedingsThe Government of Bombay enquiring of the Government of India whether there is any objection to the Government of Bombay publishing a portion of the journal which would promote commerce with the places at which Christopher ‘met with a friendly reception’Haines making a requisition on the Senior Naval Officer at Aden, Lieutenant Young, for the services of one of the Honourable Company’s vessels of war to proceed to Mussowah [Massawa or Mitsiwa], and from there to visit all ports along the Northeast African coast as far as Bunder Gassim [Bosaso]The proposal of the Governor of Bombay in Council, George Arthur, for the reduction of the Garrison at Aden by the withdrawal to Bombay of the detachment of the 16th Regiment Native Infantry, without reliefHaines submitting the names of persons who have received grants of land for building upon at Aden, his opinion that those people are hesitant to erect permanent buildings until a final decision has been passed by Government regarding the camp limits at Aden, and his proposals for the amount of Quit Rent to be leviedAn investigation by Haines into the conduct of the Aden Police Jemedar [Jemadar], and a party of Police, resulting in the Jemedar being found not guilty of theft, but guilty of assault on the Duffedar [Dafadar] of the Poona [Pune] Auxiliary Horse, Bahadoor Singh [Bahādur Singh], and the opinion of the Governor of Bombay in Council on the punishment which should have been imposed on the JemedarAudits by the Civil Auditor, Bombay, Edward Eden Elliot, on the disbursements of the Political Agent at Aden during the periods May to October 1841, 1 November 1841 to 31 January 1842, and 1 February to 31 April 1842The Government of Bombay commenting on certain items in Haines’s disbursements and cautioning him to limit his expenditure on the entertainment of different ‘Chiefs’ visiting Aden, and on presents given to visiting ‘Chiefs’, as much as possibleHaines being informed by the Government of Bombay that it does not approve of the tone of a letter from him, in which he provides an explanation for expenditure on the entertainment of ‘Chieftains’ visiting Aden, and on presents for themHaines’s explanation, requested by the Government of Bombay, for debiting to Government 250 Rupees per month for the salary of Shaik Tyeb Ibrahimjee [Shaikh Ṭayyib Ibrāhīmjī, also spelled Sheikh Tyeb Ibramjee in this item] during the period he was employed as Coal Agent at Aden, and also charging to Government the same rate of salary when Shaik Tyeb Ibrahimjee was sent by Haines to Maculla [Mukalla] to purchase provisions.The main correspondents are the following: Haines; the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, L R Reid; the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, John Pollard Willoughby; Lieutenant William Christopher, commanding the Honourable Company’s brig of war Tigris; and HM Consul and Honourable Company’s Agent in the Dominions of the Imaum [Imām] of Muscat, Captain Atkins Hamerton. Other correspondents include Seid ibn Sultan [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Imaum of Muscat.Physical description: 1 item (219 folios)
39. Vol 147 Letters inward
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains letters received by Captain Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, in 1844.Most letters are from British naval officers in the Persian Gulf Squadron, reporting on maritime affairs along the Trucial Coast in 1844 (folios 2-3, 7-14, 16-21, 37-40, 43-46). A few of these naval patrol reports are addressed to Captain A H Nott, Senior Marine Officer in the Persian Gulf, rather than to the Resident. The reports are from the following officers: Commander James Fitzjames, aboard Her Majesty’s sloop Clio; Lieutenant Arnold Burrowes Kemball aboard the East India Company sloop of war Elphinstone; Captain John P Porter, commanding the Elphinstone; Lieutenant A MacDonald commanding the East India Company schooner Mahi; Captain A H Nott, aboard the East India Company schooner Coote; Commander H A Cruisby aboard the East India Company cruizer Auckland.The reports mention meetings and other communications with the Arab Chiefs of the Trucial Coast sheikdoms about the state of relations between them, including:Relations between the Sheik of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah, with the Sheiks of Ajman, Dubai and Umm al-Qaiwain;Disputes over pearl fishing rights;Seizure and plundering of boats and the making of reparations for these and similar acts of piracy committed by subjects of the Sheikh of Dubai against those of Sharjah and other similar cases, committed by subjects of the Sheikhs of Abu Dhabi and Bahrain;Terms of the Maritime Truce in relation to Arab Chiefs transporting men and military stores by boat along the shore from port to port to support land attacks;Use of force at sea to compel the return of fugitive debtors seeking refuge with another Arab Chief.The file also contains letters received from Lieutenant Colonel Justin Sheil, British Minister at the Court of Tehran, Persia, about various Persian affairs and especially the rights of the Persian Government to charge British merchants additional import duties, particularly with regard to goods landed or transhipped at the Persian port of Bushire. This correspondence includes the opinion of Lord Aberdeen, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, London and a translation, partly in French and partly in English, of an undated commercial treaty between Russia and Persia, May to July 1844 (folios 5-6, 24-35).Physical description: Foliation: numbered 2-19, 20, 20A and 21-48, from the front to the back of the file. The numbering is written in pencil on the recto, in the top right corner and encircled. The front of the file cover is numbered 1.Most of the 18 letters and their enclosures were originally numbered in ink, usually on the recto of the folio only, in the top right corner, as follows: 38-41, 90-92, 113, 142-143, 165-167, 178-179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195-196, 218, 220, 222, 224, 266-267, 291, 341, -343, 377, 379. There are many gaps in the number sequence.
40. Coll 1/30 'Aden Protectorate: extension of the limit of the Red Sea Patrol to include the Gulf of Aden, Socotra and British Somaliland'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers regarding a suggestion by the Aden Political Resident (Bernard Reilly) that the limits of the Red Sea Patrol be extended to include the whole of the Gulf of Aden.The file includes correspondence received from the Board of the Admiralty, the Air Ministry, and the Governor of the Somaliland Protectorate (A S Lawrence). It is agreed that the scheme should be extended to Ras Darbat 'Ali, Socotra, and the Somaliland Protectorate [Somaliland], and that the Red Sea Patrol be bolstered with ships from the East Indies Station whenever possible.A copy of Reilly's report on his tour of Socotra and the Hadramawt is included at folios 16-22, providing information on the following: his travels to Abd-el-Kuri, Socotra, the Hadhramaut [Hadramawt], and the ports of Qishn, Mukalla [Al Mukalla], Bir 'Ali and Balihaf; negotiations at Qishn regarding the establishment of emergency landing ground for the Royal Air Force; discussions with the Sultan of Qishn and Socotra regarding Ras Darbat 'Ali forming the eastern boundary of the Aden Protectorate; and the development of villages in the Hadramaut.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 26; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
41. File 1508/1905 Pt 1 'Bahrain: situation; disurbances (1904-1905); Sheikh Ali's surrender; Question of Administration Reforms (Customs etc)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to disturbances in Bahrain and the consequent discussion over administrative changes. The correspondence is mostly between the India Office, the Foreign Office, and the Government of India. Further correspondence, included as enclosures, is from the following:Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf;Francis Beville Prideaux, Political Agent at Bahrain;Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifah [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah], ruler of Bahrain;Shaikh Ali bin Ahmed Al Khalifah [Shaikh ‘Alī bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], nephew of the ruler of Bahrain;numerous other British political and naval offices in Turkish Arabia and Persia.The disturbances centred around attacks on a German man and several Persians by Shaikh Isa's nephew, Ali bin Ahmed, and his followers in late 1904. The papers within the volume cover several matters related to these attacks:the investigation into the details of the attacks;the discussion over what to do about Ali bin Ahmed and his eventual exile;British naval operations to enforce order;Turkish claims that Shaikh Isa believes himself to be a Turkish subject;the discussion over increased administrative intervention in Bahrain, specifically control of customs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 262; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
42. File 395/1908 Pt 2 'Persian Gulf: Katif; Disturbances in 1908'
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 2 consists of correspondence and memoranda relating to disturbances at Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] and the surrounding area. The correspondence is between the Government of India, Foreign Office, Admiralty, and India Office. Further correspondence, included as enclosures, is from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Political Agent at Bahrain, British Consul at Basrah, and British Ambassador at Constantinople.The papers cover the discussion over the British response to an outbreak of violence between some of the Bedouin tribes and the townspeople of Katif following a disagreement over date crops. The disturbance extended to acts of piracy along the Gulf coast. The correspondence addresses the question of what the Turkish response will be, whether they need assistance, and what naval assistance the British can offer. Included are naval reports from the three vessels in the vicinity: HMS Lapwing,HMS Sphinx, and HMS Redbreast.Physical description: 1 item (73 folios)
43. File 4327/1911 Part 4 'Turco-Italian War: Red Sea Blockade'
- Description:
- Abstract: Part four consists of correspondence relating to an Italian blockade of parts of the Red Sea coast of present-day Saudi Arabia. Several matters are covered by the correspondence:the classification of Turkish grain ships as contraband of war by the Italians;the Italian blockade of Hodeidah [Ḥudaydah] and reported intention of extending it to Jeddah and Yenbo [Yanbuʻ al-Baḥr];the Italian threat to bombard Hodeidah;the appeal for British protection from the British Indian population of the town;impediments to the embarkation of European goods;the British demand for assurances from the Italians that the blockade will not be extended and British Indian subjects will be safe.The correspondence is mostly between the Turkish Government, Turkish Embassy in London, Political Resident at Aden, British Embassies at Constantinople and Rome, and the British Consulate at Jeddah.Physical description: 1 item (70 folios)
44. File 619/1907 Pt 3 'Arms Traffic:- Koweit Trade.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume discusses the work of British political and naval authorities in the Persian Gulf in suppressing the trafficking arms and ammunition, particularly from Muscat to Koweit [Kuwait]. Included are reports of searches undertaken on vessels suspected of trafficking of arms, including inventories of seized goods, and records of land attacks undertaken on arms depots and caches along the Gulf coastline.The later correspondence discusses the discovery of arms and ammunitions being smuggled into Koweit within cases of loaf sugar (sugarloaf), and attempts to identify those responsible for sending and receiving the smuggled goods.The principal correspondents include the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Charles Arnold Kemball, and Percy Zachariah Cox); the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (William George Grey, and Frank McConaghey); the Political Agent at Kuwait (Stuart George Knox, and William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department (Hugh Shakespear Barnes, Sir Louis William Dane, and Spencer Harcourt Butler); the Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey) and India (Lord George Francis Hamilton, William St John Fremantle Brodrick, John Morley, Viscount Morley of Blackburn); the Viceroy of India; the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station (Edmond John Warre Slade, and Richard Henry Peirse); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Marine Department (Malcolm Henry Stanley Grover); the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (Victor Gallafent Gurner, Charles Pipon Beaty-Pownall, and James C Tancard); and representatives of the Foreign Office, the India Office and the Admiralty.This is part 3 of 10. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 358; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Condition: The spine has become detached and has been placed in a plastic sleeve and placed after the last folio of the volume. It has been foliated with the number 357.
45. File 619/1907 Pt 8 'Arms traffic:- Persian Gulf - Seizure of French dhows "Musafa" and "Fath-el-Khair".'
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence relates to complaints made by Abraham Elbaz (agent for Antoine Goguyer, a French arms merchant at Muscat) that his dhow Fath-el-Khairwas being interfered with by HM's vessels causing him to suffer substantial financial losses.The correspondence also discusses negotiations taking place with the Sirdars on the Persian and Mekran Coast to try to prevent illegal arms being landed along their coastline, and efforts to stop and search vessels in the Persian Gulf that are suspected of trafficking arms and ammunition.Later correspondence discusses the French dhow Musaffawhich was stopped by a British vessel and boarded off Chahbar [Chābahār] owing to suspicions that the dhow was not a legitimate French vessel and was attempting to smuggle arms and ammunitions onto the Persian Coast.Correspondents include the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (Arthur Prescott Trevor, Stuart George Knox); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Coz); the French Consul at Muscat (Charles Céleste Albert Jeannier); the French Ambassador to Britain (Paul Pierre Cambon); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Secretary of State for India (Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst) and representatives of the Foreign Office and the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 50, and terminates at f 159, as part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
46. File 4640/1928 Pt 2 ‘Muscat Situation at Sur.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains papers concerning the situation at Sur in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The papers mainly relate to ‘difficulties’ which had arisen between the tribes of Sur and the Government of Muscat, inter-tribal and inter-factional rivalries, the question of what action the British Government should take to support the authority of the Muscat Government at Sur, and the general question of future British policy in Muscat.It includes papers relating to the following:The claim to independence of Ali bin Abdullah, Shaikh of the Bani Bu Ali (also spelled Beni Bu Ali) tribe and Amir of Jaalan [Emir of Ja‘alān, also spelled Jalan and Jallan]The bombardment of the fort of Said bin Abdullah (also spelled Saeed bin Abdullah) by the Muscat gunboat, and the shelling and destruction of the fort by HMS CyclamenAn incident in which a Hinawi caravan was stopped at Sur by the Amirs of Jaalan, who hoisted a flag in their fort at Aiqa (also spelled Aigah in the volume) which was reportedly the flag of King Ibn Saud, but which the Amirs of Jaalan subsequently stated was their own flagThe Government of India’s recommendation that a regiment be sent to hold SurTribal conflict and rivalries, including the feud between the two main sections of the Jenebeh [al-Janabah] tribe, the Makhanah and the Aramah, which the British Government viewed as being encouraged by Ali bin Abdullah, and the feud between the Beni Bu Ali and the Beni Bu Hassan tribesProposed air operations by aircraft supported by HM Ships against the Bani Bu Ali at Sur.The papers mainly consist of correspondence, memoranda, reports, and India Office Political Department minute papers.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Political Agent and HBM Consul, Muscat; Mahomed bin Nasir Ali Hamud, Amir of Jalan; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Admiralty; the Foreign Office; the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies; and the Air Ministry.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 392; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
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