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1. '189 Trade Report, Bahrain Islands. From 1923-1924.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain (Clive Kirkpatrick Daly), the Mesopotamia Persia Corporation Limited (W Meikle), and Yusuf bin Ahmed Kanoo regarding the value of pearls exported from Bahrain April 1923-March 1924 for inclusion in the 1923-1924 Bahrain Trade Report.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 8; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed foliation sequence between ff 2-6.
2. 'Pocket No. 25: Enclosure to Part III of Volume I of the Persian Gulf Gazetteer: Chart showing the Pearl Banks along the Arabian Shore of the Persian Gulf between Ras Tanura and Debai'
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:An outline map entitled 'Chart showing the Pearl Banks along Arabian Shore of the Persian Gulf between Ras Tanura and Dabai' issued as an enclosure to Part II of Volume I of the ‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer'. Shows the southern coast of the Persian Gulf between Ras Tanura and Dabai [Dubai] with the location of the pearl banks indicated. Each of the pearl banks is marked with a number.Bottom left-hand corner below neat line: ‘Reg. No. 1605 E., 14.-V.-225’.Physical description: Dimensions:361 x 585 mm, on sheet 457 x 683 mm
3. ‘Persian Gulf. Pearl Fishery – Vol: 23’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2349/123808. The correspondents are the Government of Bombay and Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the twenty-third in a series of twenty-four items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns the peaceful and successful pearl fishing season.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft no 334 of 1850’, ‘Coll[ection] 4’, and ‘Collection No 3 of No 1’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 414, and terminates at f 417 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
4. ‘Persian Gulf. Pearl Fishery. Conclusion of the - for 1845.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2174/105546. It is the eighth in a series of forty-five items on the Persian Gulf. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Mollah Hussein [Mullā Ḥusayn], Native Agent at Shargah [Sharjah].The item concerns:The conclusion of the season for pearl fishing with no reports of any ‘irregularity or act of piracy or plunder’ having been committedThe alliance formed by certain rulers of Oman and the Gulf coast against Saad bin Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Muṭlaq al-Muṭayrī] at Brymee [al-Buraymi], and the withdrawal of Suggur bin Sultan [Ṣaqr bin Sultān al-Qāsimī] from this alliance.The item contains a table of contents (f 337), and the title page (f 336) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 5507, Coll. 7, Vol. 8’, ‘D/t 197/47’, ‘Collection No. 7 of No. 20’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 336 and terminates at f 340, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. 'Book No 271' [Resident's Tour: Reports for 1858 and 1859]
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains official tour reports of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain (James) Felix Jones, with supporting correspondence and papers, for the years 1858 and 1859. There is a title page within the volume stating : 'Head IX. Subject 2, Part 1. Resident's Tour. Reports for the years 1858 & 1859' (folio 1). The volume also contains correspondence and papers concerning the tours of 1860 and 1861. This section is introduced by a second title page stating 'Head IX. Tour Reports. Subject 2, Part 2. Tour reports for 1860 ad 1861' (folio 91).The 1858 report covers the tour of Jones aboard the HC (Honourable Company's) steam frigate Assayeto Bahrein [Bahrain], Abothubee [Abu Dhabi], Debai [Dubai], Shargah [Sharjah], Amulgawein [Umm al Qaywayn], the Pirate Coast, Bunder Abbass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās], Bassidore [Bāsa‘īdū], Lingeh [Bandar-e Lingeh], Maghoo [Bandar-e Moghūyeh], Charrack [Bandar-e Chārak], and Congoon [Bandar e-Kangan]. Issues covered include:the treatment of Mahomed ben Abdullah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh] of Demam [Dammām] by Mahomed ben Khaleefa [Muḥammed bin Khalīfah], Chief of Bahrain (folios 4-6);the suppression of slavery;piracy;the pearl trade;the conduct of local rulers;account of internal dissensions in Shargah (folio 8);the imposition of penalties on the Joasmee [Āl Qāsimī] tribe for infractions of maritime peace (folios 8-9);reports of conversations with the Imam of Muscat [Thuwaynī ibn Saʻīd Āl Sa‘īd] at Bunder Abbass, including the conclusion of an agreement between the Resident and Imam on the complete suppression of slavery (folios 11-14; copies of the agreement in Arabic and English follow the report on folios 21-22);the poor condition of the naval station at Bassidore (folios 14-15; related correspondence: folios 24-29);the importance of the Resident's making his tour in the Assaye, as means of impressing the maritime tribes and settling local disputes (folios 2, 19-20);instructions for HajeeYacoob [Ḥājī Ya‘qūb], Agent at Shargah, left by the Resident on 31 May 1858.The 1859 report covers Jones's tour aboard HM steam frigate Zenobiato Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], Debaye [Dubai], Shargah, Ejmaun [Ajman], Amulgavine [Umm al Qaywayn], Ras ul Khymah [Ras al-Khaymah] and Joasmee Chief, Sheeheyheen [Sharqiyin] Ports, Muscat, Bassidore, Lingah [Bandar-e Lingeh], Charrack, Asseloo [Bandar-e `Asaluyeh], and Bahrein. Issues covered include:internal dissensions in Shargah and the activities of the Wahabees [Wahhabis] in the area (folios 43-47);the Resident's censure and fining of Sheikh Abdullah ben Rashid [Abdullah I bin Rashid Al Mu`alla] of Amulgavine, whom he accused of fomenting the troubles at Shargah and committing other offences (folios 48-51);remarks on the pearl fishery of Bahrein and Socotra [Suqutrá] (folios 66-67);slavery;piracy.The papers relating to the tour reports of 1860 and 1861 include correspondence (June 1860-March 1863) between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and Henry Lacon Anderson, Secretary to Government, Bombay; statement of outstanding fines adjusted by the Political Resident, Persian Gulf during tour of 1860 (folios 94-95); statement of fines etc. carried to the credit of the Government in cash accounts rendered from the Residency in the Persian Gulf between April 1858 and June 1860 (folios 100-101); and statement of complaints adjusted by HBM's Political Resident in the Persian Gulf during the tour of the Persian Gulf in 1861. Jones remarks in his correspondence with Anderson on the 'perfect tranquillity' that prevailed in the Persian Gulf in those years.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the second folio after the cover and terminates at 114, the last folio before the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right corner of the recto page of each folio. This is the system used to determine the order of pages.Pagination: there is also a local pagination sequence numbered 1-54 (folios 41-67).
6. 'Book No 281'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains administrative reports and historical sketches concerning Persian Gulf affairs. The volume also contains a number of letters between Henry Lacon Anderson, Secretary to the Government, Bombay; A Hinlock Forbes, Acting Secretary to the Government, Bombay; and Captain Felix Jones, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. The correspondence relates to the reporting of this information (folios 3-5 and 77-79). The historical reports themselves were prepared by Herbert Frederick Disbrowe, Assistant Resident.The volume contains reports covering two reporting periods:1 May 1858 to 31 May 1859 (folios 2-75): Joasmee [Āl Qaswāsim] (folios 6-19); Beniyas [Banī Yās] (folios 20-25); Debaye [Dubai] and Ajmaun [Ajman] (folio 26); Amulgavine [Umm al-Qaywayn] (folios 27-30); Wahabee [Wahhabi, Najd] (folios 31-33); Uttoobee [al-‘Utūb, Bahrain] (folios 34-50); Muscat (folios 51-63); and Persian Coast (folios 64-75);1 June 1859 to 31 May 1861 (folios 76-173): Joasmee (folios 80-86); Bokha [Bukhā] (folios 87-89); Himreeah [Ḥimrīyah] (folios 90-91); Beniyas (folios 92-93); Boo Felasa [Bū Falāsah] (folios 94-105); Ajmaun and Amulgavine (folios 106-107); Wahabee (folios 108-115); Uttoobee (folios 116-157); Muscat (folios 158-161); and Persian Coast (folios 162-173)The reports concern British relations with various Persian Gulf and Arabian rulers, including: Sa‘īd bin Taḥnūn Āl Nahyān, former ruler of Abu Dhabi; Zāyid bin Khalīfah Āl Nahyān, ruler of Abu Dhabi; Sa‘īd bin Buṭṭī Āl Maktūm and Shaikh Ḥashr bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm, rulers of Dubai; Sulṭān bin Ṣaqr Āl Qāsimī, ruler of Sharjah; ‘Alī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Mu‘allā, ruler of Umm al-Qaywayn; Ḥumayd bin Rāshid Āl Nu‘aymī, ruler of Ajman; Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Sa‘ūd, Wahhabi chief; Muḥammad bin Khaīfah Āl Khalīfah, ruler of Bahrain; Syed Soweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat and Oman; and Sayyid Mājid bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd, ruler of Zanzibar. Mention is also made of the Chief of Damaum [Damām], Seikh Mohomed bin Abdullah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh] (folio 34); the Sheikh [Muḥamad bin Thānī] of Biddah [al-Bida‘] on the Gutter [Qatar] coast (folio 36); and chiefs of Lingah [Bandar Lengeh] and Mogoo (folio 67), as well as Charrack (folio 68).The reports cover the following subjects: visits and interviews of the Political Resident and other British officials, including Commodore Jenkins and Commander Balfour, with local rulers; the slave trade; piracy and the upholding maritime peace; pearl diving and trade; judicial matters affecting British subjects (Banyans), as well as details concerning their status; native Residency Agents at Sharjah and Bahrain; smallpox outbreak; the death of Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Buṭṭī and the succession of Shaikh of Ḥashr bin Maktūm; the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship (1861) between Britain and the ruling Āl Khalīfah family of Bahrain; relations and conflicts between local rulers, notables, merchants and the British; and relations with the Amir Faysal, the Imam of Muscat, the Persian Government and the Ottoman Empire.Marginal notes refer to various correspondence. In addition, annotations in pencil appear throughout the volume (particularly folios 103-105, 141-145, 157) and the front cover is marked 'Done' in blue.Physical description: Foliation: Foliation is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 176.Foliation errors: folio 1 is followed by folio 1A; folio 75 is followed by folio 75A.
7. ‘File 5/168 IV Manumission of slaves on Arab Coast: individual cases’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to thirty-five slave-related cases or subjects, the majority of which deal with straightforward procedures of manumission. In these cases, the Residency Agent at Sharjah (‘Īsá bin ‘Abd al-Latif) wrote to the Political Resident at Bushire, enclosing a statement made by the slave(s), and advising whether he believed the slave (or slaves) should be manumitted. The Political Resident replied, informing ‘Īsá that he may do so.Three subjects in the file are extraordinary in nature, as follows:Subject 9 is a manumission case involving a women who took refuge with the Resident Agent in Sharjah in 1926, with her four children. The woman claimed that she was originally a free person who had been enslaved with her four children. Included in the subject correspondence (folio 108) is a handwritten manumission certificate (in Arabic) given to the woman by her mother, stating that the mother and her children were free people. The certificate is a unique example in the Bushire Slavery subject files of a handwritten manumission certificate, given to a slave by their owner.Subject 10 contains letters written in 1925 to the Political Resident (then Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Crosthwaite) from the shaikhs of Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Ra's al-Khaymah and Umm al-Qaywayn (folios 120-23, 129). The letters were a coordinated response between the Trucial Coast shaikhs, communicating their unhappiness about indebted slaves absconding from their boat masters, and the Political Resident’s perceived inaction on the matter. Each letter was sent to the Political Resident at the same time. The Political Resident responded by saying that he took the matter seriously, and requested the shaikhs to send details of absconding divers to him. The shaikhs of Dubai and Sharjah responded by sending details to the Political Resident of a number of divers’ balance books, that showed their level of debt and earningsSubject 30 documents an incident on the evening of 31 January 1931, when one-hundred armed men surrounded the Residency Agent’s house in Sharjah, demanding the return of a number of slaves. The incident was reported to the Political Resident, and HMS Hastingsdispatched to monitor the situation. Testimonies identified the ringleader of the armed gang as an associate of the shaikh of Sharjah, Saqr bin Sultan. British officials gave the shaikh an ultimatum to deport the man to Aden. Refusal to do so would result in the shaikh having to hand over 2,000 rupees and 100 rifles to British officials. The Political Resident and the Senior Naval Officer in the Gulf agreed that refusal to do this could result in the town being bombarded (folio 373). The shaikh refused to deport the ringleader, and on the day of the ultimatum, he delivered up 1,200 rupees and 60 rifles. This offer was refused by the Commanding Officer of HMS Hastings(389). Within hours of the ultimatum expiring the Shaikh delivered 2000 rupees and 100 rifles, but was ordered to replace six rifles that were found to not be in working order (folio 395).Physical description: Foliation: The volume has been foliated from the cover sheet to the last page of writing, using pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. Each manumission subject has its own internal numbering system, also top-right of each recto, expressed as page xof subject y.Some pages in the volume were cropped when bound at a later date, meaning that text close to edges of papers has been lost, but not to such an extent as to be a detriment to readability.
8. 'File 9/2 Pearling'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence exchanged between the Political Agent at Bahrain, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the British Legation at Jedda, the Political Agent at Sharjah, the Adviser to the Bahrain Government, the Ruler of Dubai and the Ruler of Qatar, on the subject of introducing mechanical methods for diving for pearls, and culturing pearls in Bahrain.There is correspondence with the Adviser to the Bahrain Government and the Ruler of Bahrain, against the introduction of mechanical methods of diving suggested by the British, because it would spoil the market and the environment.Other subjects in the file are:the export of oysters from Bahrain for research work and production of cultured pearls in Bahrain;the concession for the pearl diving activities on the coasts of Saudi Arabia, including the Red Sea;the Government of India's ban on the import of pearl and precious stones into India from July 1947,(which was later lifted for three months) and its impact on the Gulf pearling trade.Some documents within the file are in Arabic, with English translation.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 156; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-143; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. They are located in the same position as the main sequence, except for some instances which are located on the verso.
9. 'File 9/5 Traffic in cultured pearls on Trucial Coast'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, in English and Arabic, between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Residency Agent at Sharjah. The correspondence refers to merchants mixing Japanese cultured pearls with real pearls in the Trucial Coast, thereby damaging the reputation of the industry with the Bombay pearl dealers. Two of the merchants in question, from Qatar and Sharjah respectively, were jailed and fined and the pearls confiscated.The file also contains copies of reports commissioned to an American malacologist, Clarence F Hoy, on the subject of cultured pearls.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
10. 'File 9/14 Visit of Danish Fishing Vessel to Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf concerning the visit to the Persian Gulf of the Director of the Danish Biological Station, Dr H Blegvad. Dr Blegvad was visiting on behalf of the Persian Government, to inspect the pearl banks and check whether the waters were suitable for the Persian Government's proposals for the establishment of fisheries in the Gulf.The file also contains two maps:blueprint of 'Chart showing pearl banks along Arabian shore of the Persian Gulf, Between Ras Tanura and Dabai [Dubai]' (f 33);'Print of chart showing the pearl banks along Arabian shore of the Persian Gulf, North of Ras Tanurah, which is being given to Mr Blegvad' (f 37).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 53; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-52; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
11. 'File B/3 Sponge and Pearl Concessions'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file’s letters, memoranda and other papers relate to attempts by foreign and British commercial concerns to obtain concessions in the Gulf for sponge fishing and the fishing and export of pearls. The principle correspondents in the file are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agent in Bahrain, both posts being held by a number of incumbents throughout the period covered by the file.The file covers three periods:1. Correspondence from November to December 1905, relating to reports that a Levantine Greek named Michel Hatinglou is in the Gulf, seeking to arrange concessions with the region’s rulers for sponge fishing. A memorandum, undated and unsigned, reports that M. Hatinglou has signed a concession with the Persian Government to fish for sponges along the Persian coast between Fao [Al-Fāw] and Gwādar, and is seeking a similar concession in Muscat (folios 3-4). The correspondence also makes reference to the presence of a Russian consular agent in the Gulf (folio 5).2. Correspondence from May to August 1911 relating first to Gray Paul & Company’s arrangement with Ullmann & Co. of Hatton Garden to enter the pearl buying business in Bahrain, and to news that representatives of the French company Rosenthal & Company, have been making enquiries into seeking concessions for pearl fishing in the Gulf. In a letter to the ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah, the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox) warned that it would be disadvantageous to the Shaikh’s interests to grant any concessions to foreigners, and that the Political Agent should be consulted in all such matters (folios 10-11). In his reply to Cox’s letter, Shaikh ‘Īsá acceded to the request, while suggesting implicitly that neither would he consider concessions to British companies (Arabic on folio 15, printed English on folio 21).3. Correspondence from May to August 1917, relating first to reports that a Russian is on his way to Bahrain to purchase pearls on behalf of Moussaieff Brothers in Paris (folio 23), and second to reports that a company from the United States is seeking to take over the entire pearl buying business in the Gulf by offering prices of five to ten per cent above its competitors. In a letter dated 17 August 1917, the Political Agent in Bahrain reported to the Deputy Political Resident that the American company’s plan was to ship the finest pearls to the States, medium quality pearls to Europe, and the lowest quality pearls to India and the East (folio 24).Physical description: Foliation: The file is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers located in the top-right corner of each recto. On those pages which are Arabic letters, the folio number is located in the top-right corner of the verso. An earlier foliation system, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto, runs throughout most of the volume. Folio 26 is a fold-out.Condition: There is some insect damage to folios in the file, in the form of small holes in the paper. This damage is not sufficient to affect the legibility of the text.
12. 'File 1/15 Major Head:- Political. Subject:- DOWASIR tribe & their removal from Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the removal of the Dowasir [Dawāsir] (also spelled Dawasir) tribe from Bahrain following disturbances between the Dowasir and other Bahraini communities.The correspondence is mainly between the Political Agent, Bahrain (also spelled Bahrein) and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. Other correspondents include Shaikh Hamad, Deputy Ruler of Bahrain [Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah]; Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser the Government of Bahrain; Bin Saud, Sultan of Nejd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd]; and British naval commanders in Persian Gulf. Enclosures to correspondence from the Political Resident to the Political Agent, Bahrain include copies of correspondence with the Government of India and the rulers of Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain.The papers covers the following:reports from the Political Agent, Bahrain;relations between the (Sunni) Dowasir and Bahraini Shiahs (also referred to as Baharnah);reported aggression by the Dowasir against Baharnah, June 1923;involvement of Bin Saud;confiscation and sale of property belonging to the Dowasir by the Government of Bahrain;departure of two thirds of the tribe to the island of Raka, October 1923;the Dowasir reported to have gone to Dammam [Dammām], November 1923;involvement of the Royal Navy, November 1923;the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir as-Subah [Aḥmad bin Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ] agrees to deny the Dowasir entry to Kuwait, November 1923;involvement of Shaikh Hamad of Bahrain;the Dowasir and pearl diving;terms for the readmission of the Dowasir to Bahrain, and return of their property, 1927.The Arabic content of the file consists of approximately twenty letters (with translations) between British officials and local rulers, including Shaikh Hamad of Bahrain and Bin Saud.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 167; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-161; these numbers are written mostly in crayon, with a few written in pencil, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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