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1. '"Situation in Middle East" (Note by Major Bray, Political Intelligence Officer, attached to India Office)'
- Description:
- Abstract: Intelligence report by Major Norman Napier Evelyn Bray, Political Intelligence Officer attached to the India Office, on Soviet activities and influence in the Middle East and the implications for British interests in the region.The document was prepared as a departmental minute. It discusses several matters, including: the Soviet alliance with Turkish and Arab nationalists across the region, but with a particular reference to Mesopotamia; Italian support (in money and arms) of Turkish nationalists; the need for the British and the French to work together closely to protect their interests; the military strength of all parties.The report contains two appendices, as follows:I - Suggested measures for dealing with the Bolshevist Menace in Mesopotamia and Persia;II - A. Conditions proposed by the Bolsheviks for acceptance of Turkish Nationalists; B. Terms of agreement concluded by Bolsheviks with Mustafa Kemal Pasha.There are extensive notes in the left hand margin throughout the report with details on sources and other comments.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-15; this sequence is written in ink, and is located in the same position as the main sequence.
2. 'Employment of Japanese Troops in Mesopotamia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a memorandum addressed to the War Cabinet by the Political Department of the India Office on the question of the employment of Japanese troops in Mesopotamia. It summarises the Government of India's views given in a telegram dated 21 November 1917, with military and political grounds for objecting to Japanese assistance. It also includes extracts from the Report of the Trade Commissioners who visited Mesopotamia earlier in 1917, and raises the concern that Japanese commercial influence will lead to political claims.Written by John Evelyn Shuckburgh, 13 December 1917, with an introduction dated 18 December 1917.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 24, and terminates at f 26, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 24-26; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. 'Bolshevik Intrigue in Persia since October 1922'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum is a report produced for the Inter-Departmental Committee on Eastern Unrest, which includes intelligence covering the period October 1922 to March 1923. It provides an overview of Russian-Persian relations and of changes made to Russian official representation at Tabriz, Tehran, and Kermanshah. It also reports on Bolshevik intrigue (and anti-British activities) in Persia, and to a lesser extent Iraq and India. This includes a brief report of anti-British articles produced by the Persian Press and efforts to suppress them, as well as reports on the Persian Communist Party.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 31; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
4. 'Arabia. Political Situation in Nejd'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed report contains a memorandum by Major Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, Political Agent, Bahrein [Bahrain], dated 12 August 1920, concerning the political situation in Nejd [Najd] and Central Arabia at the end of July 1920, gathered from conversations with Abdul Aziz Al Qusaibi [‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Quṣaybī], the agent at Bahrain of Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, Ibn Saud]; Fahad Al Bassam [Fahad Āl Bassām], merchant of Qassim [al-Qaṣīm] and Hassa [al-Aḥsā’]; Muhammad Al Hawwas [Muḥammad Āl Ḥawwās], merchant of Riyadh and Hassa; and Bedouin visitors from Bani Hajar [Banī Hājir], Bani Khalid [Banī Khālid], Dawasir [al-Dawāsir] and other tribes. The note primarily focuses on Ibn Saud's relations with Ibn Rashīd.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 131, and terminates at folio 134, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folio 7-153 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
5. 'British Policy in the Yemen'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains an introduction by Major-General Sir George John Younghusband, Political Resident, Aden, introducing two memoranda written by Lieutenant Harold Fenton Jacob, First Assistant Resident, Aden. They are addressed to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Political Department, it concerns Italian influence in the Red Sea, and how it is affecting Arabia after the Second World War.Enclosure No. 1 'Memorandum on the employment by Italians at Mogadiscio of Askaris from Arabia', dated 8 September 1915, Aden. It concerns an interview held with Colonel Bodrero of the Italian Benadir Colonial Service on the training of Arabs, and their fighting value.Enclosure No. 2 'Memorandum on the Political Policy of our Hinterland', dated 9 September 1915, Aden. It outlines what will happen politically if Turkey was to retire from Yemen, these being: the Imam of Sanaa [Ṣanʻā'] shifting his headquarters southwards, and taking hold of relinquished areas; conflicting interests of Imam and Idrisi Saiyid of Sabia; and amendments to British policy on expansion and previous agreements with Idrisi and Ibn Nasir Mukbil. Jacob also puts forward his own opinions of the rulers and the Arabs; and suggests future actions such as a strategic railway, raising levies, educating the sons of chieftains, and introducing medical missions.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 96, and terminates at f 99, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 96-99; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
6. 'Relations with Ibn Sa'ud: note prepared by Arab Bureau, Irak Section'
- Description:
- Abstract: This note was written by the Arab Bureau, Iraq Section, in Basra in January 1917. It reviews the rise of Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], his fight against Ibn Rashid and the role of Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, Political Agent, Kuwait, in this conflict. Other topics are Ibn Sa'ud's relationship with Shaikh Mubarak of Kuwait and Ibn Sa'ud's battle against the Ottoman Turks in the context of British interests.Physical description: Foliation. There are three copies of this item, of which only one copy (the foliated copy) has been digitised. The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 1, and ends on the last folio, on number 5.
7. 'Report by Major Wilson, Resident at Bushire, dated 11th September 1830, with observations on the Political condition of the Dourannee & neighbouring states by Mr. C. Masson. Vol: 4'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of a copy of a covering letter from David Wilson, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Government of Bombay, with enclosures. It is the fourth in a series of four items on general affairs in the Persian Gulf (the others are: IOR/F/4/1398/55440, IOR/F/4/1398/55441 and IOR/F/4/1399/55442).The enclosures to Wilson's letter consist of copies of observations made by Charles Masson, an individual who presented himself at the Residency in Bushire [Būshehr]. Between 1827 and 1830, Masson had travelled extensively throughout the Dourannee [Durrani] states (parts of modern day Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan), before arriving at Bushire via Muscat, Kishmee [Qeshm] and Bassadore [Bāsa'īdū]. Masson's observations relate to the political status, culture, languages and religions of numerous states, provinces and tribes, and the routes taken during his travels. They include details on: people encountered; caravan entourages; landscapes; climate; agriculture; and villages and fortresses along the routes. Particular attention is paid to Ranjeet Sing [Ranjit Singh, Ruler of the Sikh Empire] and 'the Seicks' [Sikhs]. Masson's observations are arranged under the following headings:'Observations on the political condition of the Doorannee states and of the neighbouring ones''Memorandum on Herat [Herāt]''Adventures from Kandahar to Serkarpore [Shikarpur]''Notice on the countries West of the Indus from the city of Deyrah Ghazie Khan [Dera Ghāzi Khān] to Kolleebat [Kālābāgh]''Adventures in a journey from Tak [Tank] to Peshawer [Peshawar] through the unfrequented countries of Muriout [Marwat, tribe] and Bunnoo [Bannu], the valleys of Angoo [Hangu], and Kwort [Kohat]''Notice on the Province of Jellalabad [Jalalabad] and on the Secapash [Siah-Posh Kafirs, tribe]''Passage through the Pass of Khybur [Khyber Pass] and notice on the countries, west of the Indus from Deyrah Ghazee Khan to Kollebah or Kolybah [Kālābāgh]. Passed through Khyber in July. Was in the countries west of the Indus from Christmas I suspect to April''Discovery of the sites of the ancient cities of Bucephalia and the presumed tomb of Bucephalus the charger of Alexander the Great''Memorandum on Lahore, the Seicks and their Kingdom and dependencies''Lahore via Mooltan [Multan], Ooch [Uch-i-Sharif], Kirepore [Khairpur], Hydrabad [Hyderabad] and Patta [Thatta] to Kerychee [Karachi] and the Ocean'.'Muriout' is also spelled 'Murwut' in the item.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Dept.', 'P.C. [Previous Communication] 1230, Draft' and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 229, and terminates at f 500, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
8. 'Pan-Islamic and Turkish propaganda etc. in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum consists of a report on information obtained by the British since October 1922 regarding Turkish efforts to spread Pan-Islamic, pro-Turkish, and anti-British propaganda in Iraq and Persia. This includes information on Turco-Persian relations.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 15; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
9. 'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part IA & IB. J G Lorimer. 1915'
- Description:
- Abstract: Theses two volumes make up Volume I, Part IA and Part IB (Historical) (pages i-778 and 779-1624) of the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, ’Omān and Central Arabia(Government of India: 1915), compiled by John Gordon Lorimer and completed for press by Captain L Birdwood.Part 1A contains an 'Introduction' (pages i-iii) written by Birdwood in Simla, dated 10 October 1914. There is also a 'Table of Chapters, Annexures, Appendices and Genealogical Tables' (page v-viii) and 'Detailed Table of Contents' (pages ix-cxxx), both of which cover all volumes and parts of the Gazetteer.Parts IA and IB consist of nine chapters:'Chapter I. General History of the Persian Gulf Region' (Part IA, pages 1-396);'Chapter II. History of the ’Omān Sultanate' (Part IA, pages 397-629);'Chapter III. History of Trucial ’Omān' (Part IA, page 630-Part IB, page 786);'Chapter IV. History of Qatar' (Part IB, pages 787-835);'Chapter V. History of Bahrain' (Part IB, pages 836-946);'Chapter VI. History of Hasa' (Part IB, pages 947-999);'Chapter VII. History of Kuwait' (Part 1B, pages 1000-1050);'Chapter VIII. History of Najd or Central Arabia' (Part 1B, pages 1051-1178);'Chapter IX. History of Turkish ’Iraq' (Part 1B, pages 1179-1624).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence runs through parts IA and IB as follows:Volume I, Part IA: The sequence begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 456. Total number of folios: 456. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 460.Volume I, Part IB: The sequence begins on the first folio with text, on number 457, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 878. It should be noted that folio 488 is followed by folio 488A. Total number of folios: 423. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 427.
10. ''Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. I. 1916''
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume I, General(Admiralty War Staff Intelligence Division: August 1916). It is an introductory volume containing matter of a general nature giving an account of conditions in Mesopotamia. The volume includes a note on official use, title page and ''Note''. There is a page of ''Contents'' and includes the following chapters and sections:Chapter 1: Boundaries and Physical Features;Chapter 2: Climate;Chapter 3: Minerals;Chapter 4: Fauna and Flora;Chapter 5: Hygiene;Chapter 6: History;Chapter 7: Inhabitants;Chapter 8: Religions;Chapter 9: Administration;Chapter 10: Irrigation of Irak Iraq;Chapter 11: Agriculture;Chapter 12: Commerce and Industry;Chapter 13: Currency, Weights and Measures;Chapter 14: Communication and Transport;Transliteration of Arabic, Persian and Turkish Names;Vocabularies;Index.There is a List of Maps which includes:Map 1: Administrative Divisions and Chief Towns;Map 2: Racial Divisions;Map 3: Area Available for Irrigation.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
11. 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. I. 1918'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume I, General(Naval Staff, Intelligence Department: November 1918). This is an updated and expanded edition of A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume I, General(Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Department: August 1916) (IOR/L/MIL17/15/41/1). This is an introductory volume containing matter of a general nature giving an account of conditions in Mesopotamia, for the most part as they were before the First World War.The volume includes a note on official use, a title page and 'Note'. There is a page of 'Contents' that includes the following chapters and sections:Chapter 1: Boundaries and Physical Features;Chapter 2: Climate;Chapter 3: Minerals;Chapter 4: Fauna and Flora;Chapter 5: Hygiene;Chapter 6: History;Chapter 7: Inhabitants;Chapter 8: Religions;Chapter 9: Administration;Chapter 10: Irrigation of Irak [Iraq];Chapter 11: Agriculture and Land Tenure;Chapter 12: Commerce and Industry;Chapter 13: Currency, Weights, and Measures;Chapter 14: Communications and Transport;Vocabularies;Index.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto of the folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
12. 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. II. 1917'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume II, Irak, The Lower Kārūn, and Luristan(Admiralty War Staff Intelligence Division, May, 1917), covering the regions of the Shatt el-‘Arab [Shaṭṭ al-‘Arab], Kārūn, Luristan, and the Tigris and Euphrates up to Baghdad and Fellūjeh [Fallūjah]. The volume was prepared on behalf of the Admiralty and War Office, and appears to be based on official and unofficial publications and maps which are cited in a bibliographical section in the volume.The volume includes a note on confidentiality, a title page, 'Note', 'Abbreviations'. There is a 'Contents' which include the following sections:Introduction;River Routes (Shatt el-‘Arab, The Kārūn, The Tigris, The Euphrates, The Shatt el-Hai);Land Routes (The Region of the Shatt el-‘Arab, The Tigris Valley, The Region of the Lower Kārūn River of Luristan, The Euphrates Valley, Connexions between the Tigris and Euphrates Valley, The Arabian Desert);Railways;Gazetteer of Towns;Bibliographical Note and List of Maps;Transliteration of Names;Glossary;Appendices (A: Notes on Weather on the Tigris, B: The Control of the Tigris Water, C: The Control of the Euphrates Water, D: Oil-Fields of the Mesopotamia and Persian Frontier, E: Note on Mules);Index;Plates;Maps.The volume includes eight plates that illustrate the volume. There are also three maps:'Baghdad';'City Map of Baghdad';'Mesopotamia: Outline Map Showing Routes'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
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