Abstract: The volume concerns the situation on the frontier of Iraq and Nejd [Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd], in particular the policy of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the impact of raids by the Akhwan [Ikhwan] (also referred to as 'Wahabis').The papers cover: a protest by Ibn Saud against the building by the Iraq Government of a police post at Busaiyah, which Ibn Saud claimed was 'very close to the Nejd frontier'; details of an attack on the Busaiyah post in November 1927, in which six police, one Government official, and thirteen others were killed; the role of Ibn Saud in the activities of the Akhwan; the response of the Government of Iraq; the question of reconnaissance for sites for an air route along the north Arabian coast; air and armoured car patrols in the area; the activities of Faisal al Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh] and the Mutair [Muṭayr] tribe; discussion of whether to allow British aircraft to pursue 'Wahabi' raiders across the Nejd frontier; raids by the Akhwan; the risk of criticism of the British within Iraq; a suggested blockade of ports in Hasa; the question of the level of British military support for Iraq; the role of the Royal Air Force in defending Iraq; a 'Wahabi' raid into Transjordan; the threat of raids on Koweit [Kuwait]; the support of Royal Navy ships in the defence of Kuwait; engagements between aircraft and armoured cars, and Akhwan raiding parties; and military arrangements for the defence of Kuwait.In addition to India Office correspondence and memoranda, the file includes correspondence from: the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Colonial Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; HM Consul, Jeddah; and the Government of India.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 417; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Abstract: The volume concerns the defence of the frontier of Koweit [Kuwait] against raids by Akhwan [Ikhwan] tribesmen (also referred to as 'Wahabis') from the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, and the activities of the Akhwan along the border with Kuwait and Iraq.In addition to India Office correspondence and memoranda, the file includes correspondence from: the Colonial Office; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Air Ministry; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (SNOPG); and the Foreign Office.The papers cover: the use of motor cars, armoured cars and machine guns in the defence of Kuwait; the supply of arms to the Shaikh of Kuwait; tribal movements; reports of raids (e.g. folios 474-476, description of fighting at Riqa'i involving the Mutair [Muṭayr] in 1928; and folio 165, description of raid on Iraq tribes, 1929); naval support for Kuwait from Royal Navy ships and landing parties; proposed air reconnaissance of the Kuwait frontier; the attitude of the Akhwan to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] (e.g. folio 295); intelligence concerning raids; the death of a United States citizen at the hands of Akhwan raiders (folios 156-196); the policy on Nejdi refugees from Ibn Saud entering Kuwait, March-May 1929; and reports on 'Relations with Kuwait' by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector-in-Charge, Southern Desert, Government of Iraq (folios 64-83).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 555; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-555; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume contains the subject 'Nejd-Transjordanian Raid Claims'.The papers cover: investigations into raids into Trans-Jordan in 1930-31, including the looting of seventy camels; the situation on the Nejd-Transjordanian border; and a note on policy for the control of the Trans-Jordan deserts by Captain John Bagot Glubb, November 1930.The principal correspondents are: the High Commissioner for Trans-Jordan; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the British Resident in Trans-Jordan; HM Consulate at Jeddah; the Foreign Office; and the Royal Air Force.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 463; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-460; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Abstract: The volume concerns the situation on the frontier between Transjordan and the Kingdom of Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz] and Nejd (usually referred to separately as Hejaz or Nejd), particularly in terms of crossborder raids into both states.The papers cover: reports of raids (dates, identity of leaders, locations, casualties, and details of camels and other property looted); reports of the alleged crossing of the Nejd frontier by British aircraft from Transjordan, including an apology by the British Government for one such incident in May 1929; the levying of customs duties on the border; reports of raids from Transjordan into Nejd; complaints about raids into Nejd by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], and officials of the Government of Hejaz and Nejd; arms trafficking; the British response to raids from Transjordan (the British admitted the validity of Ibn Saud's complaints, folio 618); frontier infringements by government officials; measures for the protection of caravans (folios 439-441); British protests over raids into Transjordan; records of interdepartmental discussions by British officials concerning the raids; a despatch concerning the raids from the High Commissioner for Transjordan, including a report by Air Vice Marshall Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding (folios 290-318); papers concerning the investigations of Mervyn Sorley MacDonnell, who was appointed by the British Government to examine claims arising from the raids; and suggestions that arms and ammunition landed at Jeddah were for the use of tribesmen on the Transjordan 'front', September 1930.The volume includes correspondence from: the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; the High Commissioner for Transjordan; HM Agent and Consul, Jeddah; HM Chargé d’Affaires, Jeddah; HM Minister, Jeddah; Ibn Saud; and Fuad Hamza, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 888; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 338-888; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume concerns the effect of the activities of the Akhwan (also referred to as Ikhwan, and frequently described as 'rebels'), and their conflict with Ibn Saud (also referred to as Bin Saud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], on the frontier between the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (usually referred to separately as Hejaz or Nejd), and Koweit [Kuwait].In addition to India Office correspondence and memoranda, the volume includes correspondence from: the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett); the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson); the British Agent and Consul, Jeddah; the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; the Air Ministry; the Government of India; Fuad Hamza, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, Hejaz Government; and Ibn Saud.The papers cover: British concerns about being forced to defend Kuwait (e.g. folio 628); reports of Akwan raids; the activities of individual tribes (e.g. the Ajman); the question of whether the Akhwan should be allowed refuge in Kuwait; the role of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in reconnaissance and bombing; the activities of the Akhwan leader Faisal al Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh]; the attitude of the Shaikh of Kuwait (Ahmad bin Jabir [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ]) to Ibn Saud; a request from the Shaikh of Kuwait for Lewis guns for use in armoured cars; the leaking of supplies from Kuwait to the Akhwan; the description of the Shaikh of Kuwait as 'a mild Wahabi' (folio 364); requests from the Shaikh of Kuwait for the supply of arms and ammunition; Ibn Saud's stated wish to 'annihilate the Ajman' (folio 311); reports of fighting on the border between Ibn Saud's forces and the Akhwan; a report by the Political Agent, Kuwait on Ajman marriage connections with the Al Subah [Āl Ṣabāḥ] family, August 1929; reports of the death of Faisal al Dawish, October 1929; intelligence reports by the Political Agent, Kuwait; and British agreement to supply ammunition to the Shaikh of Kuwait, October 1929.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 635; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 12-635; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume concerns relations between Iraq (and Koweit [Kuwait]), and the Kingdom of Hijaz [al-Ḥijāz], Nejd, and Dependencies (usually referred to as Nejd), and its King, Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], particularly in terms of raids along the frontier between the states by Akhwan [Ikhwan] tribesmen (also referred to as 'Wahabis').In addition to India Office correspondence and memoranda, the file includes correspondence from: the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, the High Commissioner for Iraq, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the British Agent and Consul, Jeddah, the Political Agent, Kuwait, and Ibn Saud.The volume covers: the response to the mission of Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton to Ibn Saud in 1928; proposals for arbitration over matters in dispute between Iraq and Nejd; reconnaissance of landing grounds on the Hasa coast, December 1928; intelligence on tribal movements; reports of Akhwan raids (especially by the Mutair [Muṭayr], Harb, Shammar, and Ajman [‘Ajmān]); reports by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Southern Desert, Government of Iraq; proposals for air action against the Akhwan; the interpretation of the Uqair (also referred as Ojair) Protocol; references to the death of Henry Arjen Bilkert, an American citizen, who was killed by the Akhwan (e.g. folio 252); the question of the pursuit of raiders across the Nejd frontier; complaints by Ibn Saud and the Government of Nejd against the activities of Captain Glubb; the policy of the Shaikh of Kuwait towards Nejdi rebels taking refuge in his territory; minutes of interdepartmental conferences, and drafts of a proposed agreement, concerning arbitration between Iraq and Nejd; correspondence concerning the alleged execution of eight Nejdis by the British and Iraqi authorities, April-May 1929; and papers concerning the interpretation of Article 6 of the Bahra Agreement.The volume also contains a copy of the Bahra Agreement, between the British Government and Ibn Saud, dated 1 November 1925.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 747; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 132-747; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
Abstract: The volume contains parts 7 and 8 of the subject 'Iraq Nejd Relations'.Part 7 (folios 1-94, IOR/L/PS/10/1239/1 'Iraq-Nejd relations: Frontier Situation (1928). Printed Correspondence.') contains copies of correspondence from British Government officials concerning the situation on the frontier between Iraq and Kuwait, and the Kingdom of Hijaz [al-Ḥijāz], Nejd, and Dependencies, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwan] tribesmen (also referred to as 'Wahabis').Part 8 (folios 95-169, IOR/L/PS/10/1239/2 'Iraq-Nejd Situation: Press Reports. Parliamentary Question.') consists of press reports and notices of Parliamentary questions, concerning the situation on the frontier between Iraq, Kuwait, and Transjordan, and the Kingdom of Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz], Nejd, and Dependencies, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwan] tribesmen (also referred to as 'Wahabis').Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 169; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-168; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.The file contains one foliation anomaly, f 94a. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.