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1. ‘Persian Gulf. State of relations between the Maritime Tribes on the Arabian Coast and their respective allies in the Interior. Vol: 3’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Hajee Yacoob [Ḥājjī Ya‘qūb], British Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]. It is the third in a series of five items.The item concerns:An alliance between Debaie [Dubai], Amulgavine [Umm al-Qaywayn], and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi]Raiding forays into the territory of Aboothabee by the interior tribal allies of ShargahRaiding forays into the territory of Shargah by the interior tribal allies of Aboothabee.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft No 653_1853’ and ‘Collection No. 21 of No. 53 of 1853’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 566, and terminates at f 569, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
2. ‘Persian Gulf. Relative to the adjustment of aggressions committed by Vessels belonging to subjects of the Chiefs of Debaee and Aboothabee. –’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India; Lieutenant James Tronson, commanding East India Company brigantine Tigris, and Hajee Yacoob [Ḥājjī Ya‘qūb], British Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]. It is the second in a series of three items about the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:A report from Tronson about receiving the payment due from the shaikhs of Debaie [Dubai] and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] for cases of aggression committed by their subjects at seaInternal disputes at Debaie concerning the ruling familyThe refusal by Sheik Houssein [Shaikh Ḥusayn bin ‘Abdullāh of Bandar-e Charak] to pay the sum required by Kemball due to his subjects’ seizure of a boatRaiding expeditions in Batinah [Al Batinah] by Sheikh Sultan ben Suggur [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī of Ra’s al-Khaymah] and Humaid ben Rashid [Shaikh Ḥumayd bin Rāshid al-Na‘īmī of Ajman]The arrival of a firman directing Sheikh Abdul Rahman [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Raḥmān] to give up Bunder Abbas [Bandar ‘Abbas] to the Prince of Fars.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft No 350-1853’, ‘Collection No. 1 of No. 16 of 1853’, and ‘Supplementary Volume 2’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 8, and terminates at f 17, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. ‘IRAQ COMMAND REPORT APRIL, 1924-NOVEMBER, 1926.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is a report submitted to the British Air Ministry by Air Vice-Marshal John Frederick Andrews Higgins. It consists of a chronological narrative of significant military events in Iraq during his time as Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Iraq, from April 1924 until November 1926. It is divided by year and by geographical area.The report discusses general military activities undertaken during the period, including the aerial observation of settlements and groups deemed potentially dangerous to the Government, the movements of British and Iraqi troops, and the training of the Iraq Army by British officers.It notably covers the following:Turkish attempts to assert control over the Mosul Vilayet, including ‘infiltration’ of northern Iraq by Turkish personnel, the build-up of troops on the Turkey-Iraq border, and incursions of Turkish cavalry units across the border, which were stopped by British aerial bombardmentBritish planning for the defence of Mosul in the event of a full-scale Turkish invasion, the eventual resolution of the Turkey-Iraq border dispute by the decision of the League of Nations, and a subsequent agreement between Turkey, Iraq, and BritainKurdish resistance to British occupation and the central Iraqi Government, focusing on the continuing anti-British activities of Shaikh Mahmud Barzanji [Maḥmūd Barzanjī], particularly: British ground and aerial attacks on Kurdish villages; a clash between Assyrian levy troops and local Muslim inhabitants at Kirkuk; the suppression of an uprising led by Shaikh Mahmud, including discussions with Riza Khan [Reżā Shāh Pahlavī, Shāh of Iran] about coordination between Iraq and Persia [Iran] against Shaikh Mahmud; British attempts to protect Jaf [Jaff] tribespeople from Shaikh Mahmud’s demands for money during their migration to Persia; and punitive attacks by the British on tribesmen from the Auroman [Hawraman] region for supporting Shaikh MahmudIssues in southern Iraq, primarily involving Akhwan [Ikhwān] raids on nomadic Iraqi herding communities, including: steps taken by the British Government to prevent these raids, such as improved communications in the desert borderlands; aerial bombing of raiding groups; and the detailed mapping of the area to improve the accuracy of British counterattacks against the Ikhwan. The report also mentions the bombing of the house of Shaikh Salim Al Khayun [Sālim al-Khayyūn] in the village of Chubaish [Al-Chibayish], and the Shaikh’s subsequent surrender to Government authoritiesFighting between the forces of ‘Daham, Chief of the Syrian Shammar Jarba’ [Dahhām bin al-Hādī bin al-ʿĀṣī al-Jarbā] and ‘Ajill, Chief of the Iraqi Shammar Jarba’ [‘Ujayl al-Yāwar al-Jarbā], and details the deployment of British armoured cars and aeroplanes to assist Ajill in fighting Daham’s forces.The report contains six appendices:‘Appendix A- Forces in Iraq, April, 1924’‘Appendix B- Note on History of Sheikh Mahmud Prior to April, 1924’‘Appendix C- Composition of Frontier Force under Colonel Commandant H.T. Dobbin, C.B.E., D.S.O., September, 1924’‘Appendix D- Composition of Chapforce under Colonel Commandant J.G. Chaplain, C.B.E., D.S.O.’‘Appendix E- Anti-Akhwan Organisation’‘Appendix F- Reduction of Garrison Following Treaty with Turkey’.Four maps are included in the report. These are catalogued as ‘‘Iraq-Persia Map No. 1’ (IOR/L/PS/20/C204, f 32); ‘Map No. 2’ (IOR/L/PS/20/C204, f 33); ‘Map No. 3’ (IOR/L/PS/20/C204, f 34); and ‘Basra. Map No. 4’ (IOR/L/PS/20/C204, f 35).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 36; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. '1/C Volume II Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to miscellaneous topics, with the main ones being:The Dhafir raid, 1921.Shaikh Ahmad's loan to Ibn Sa`ud, 1921.Further raids by Iraq tribes and Najd counter-raids, 1921.Repairs to water plant, 1921.An index on folio 3 lists other issues discussed such as: restitution of plunder, slave cases, gazetteers, King Faisal and accusations of inciting raiders. Also listed are the names of tribes and individuals involved.Included in the volume are two printed documents: 'Notes on Kermanshah Affairs, May 1921' (ff 41-43); 'Black List – Of Ex-Officials of the Civil Administration of Iraq and the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force' (ff 87-88).A number of letters in Arabic from Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir al-Subah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ], Ruler of Kuwait, are included in the volume.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary to the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the Under Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Walter Frank Quantock Shuldham; the Political Agent, Kuwait, James Carmichael More; and Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir al-Subah, Ruler of Kuwait.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 117; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the leading and ending flyleaves, have not been foliated. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-114; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 10-56 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
5. The Execution of a Persian Subject by the Ottoman Authorities at Baghdad
- Description:
- Abstract: Letter and Enclosure to HM Secretary of State for India, dated 13 December 1871, concerning the capture and execution by the Ottoman authorities at Baghdad of Shah Riza, a Persian subject, on a charge of brigandage on Ottoman territory.The Enclosure is a letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Herbert, Consul-General at Baghdad, dated 16 August 1871. This letter encloses transcripts of statements concerning the case; letters of protest from the Persian Consul-General; and a letter in response from Midhut Pasha, the Governor of Baghdad. Herbert's view was that the execution resulted from the irritation of the Ottoman authorities at cross-border raiding from Persia, and might lead to reprisals.Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
6. Political No. 17 of 1873, Forwarding Papers on the Subject of Raids by Seistan Robbers into Afghanistan, and Asking for an Early Settlement of the Seistan Boundary Question
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 24 January 1873, forwarding papers on the subject of raids by Seistan [Sistan] robbers into Afghanistan, and asking for an early settlement of the Seistan boundary question.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 144, and terminates at f 154a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains three foliation anomalies: f 144a, f 145a, and f 154a.
7. Political No. 75 of 1874, Forwarding Papers Regarding the Deputation of Captain George Campbell Napier to Enquire into the Circumstances Connected with a Raid on Herat Territory from Khaf
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 17 April 1874 and received via Brindisi on 11 May 1874, forwarding a copy of papers relating to the deputation of Captain George Campbell Napier to enquire into the circumstances connected with a raid on Herat territory from Khaf [Khvāf].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 488 and terminates at f 490a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains three foliation anomalies: f 488a, f 489a, and f 490a.
8. Bahrain Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures Nos. 3-8 to Despatch No. 25 from the Secret Department, Bombay Castle, dated 22 June 1860. The Enclosures are dated 2 February-12 June 1860. Received 27 July 1860.The Enclosures reflect British concern over the actions of the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa [Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah]. The Ruler was accused by the British firstly of allowing his subjects to commit acts of piracy and brigandage that were likely to provoke conflict with the Wahabee [Wahhabi] Ruler in Nedjd [Najd], Ameer Fysul [Amir Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Āl Sa‘ūd], and secondly of attempting to surrender sovereignty over Bahrain to Persia (by allowing the Persian flag to fly over Bahrain), and to Turkey [the Ottoman Empire], by sealing a written act of submission and handing it over to Turkish emissaries.The papers include: despatches from Captain Felix Jones, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; correspondence between Jones and the Ruler of Bahrain; a report from Commander William Balfour, Senior Naval Officer Commanding Persian Gulf Squadron; précis of intelligence from Hajee Jassem, the British Agent at Bahrain; and resolution by the Honourable Board, dated 12 June 1860, approving the Political Resident's decision not to use force against the Ruler of Bahrain.Physical description: 1 item (49 folios)
9. Sind Affairs: Matters Relating to Afghanistan and Kelat
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, [Bombay Secret Letter] No. 1 dated 2 January 1856. The enclosures are dated 3-17 December 1855.The enclosures comprise three letters from Henry Bartle Edward Frere, Commissioner in Sind [Sindh], to the Governor and President in Council, Bombay, and one letter to Frere from Lieutenant-Colonel John Jacob, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of Upper Sind.The papers cover the following matters:The alleged plan of Dost Mahomed [Dūst Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy] to attack Herat and to take it from Persia [Iran] and the arrival of Sirdar Munowur Dil Khan of Khandahar [Serdār Munawwar Dil Khān of Kandahar, also spelled Candahar in this item] in Kurrachee [Karachi] and his rumoured plan to visit Muscat to induce the Imaum [Imam] to make a diversion in the Gulf, thus preventing Persian forces being sent to HeratReports of Murree [Marī] raids in Boogtee [Bugṭī] territory, the number of Boogtees killed, and Jacob’s intention to meet with the Khan of Khelat [Kalat] to discuss this ‘inroad’.Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
10. Sind Affairs: Matters Relating to Afghanistan and Kelat
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee [Bombay Secret Letter], No. 6 dated 15 January 1856. The enclosures are dated 8 December 1855-11 January 1856.The primary correspondents are Henry Bartle Edward Frere, Commissioner in Sind [Sindh]; the Governor and President in Council, Bombay; and the Secretary to the Government, Bombay.The papers cover the following matters:The request of a nephew of Dost Mahomed Khan [Dūst Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy] who is at Kurrachee [Karachi], for British assistance, as an ally, in obtaining accommodation on a steamer to Bombay and then to Aden, en route to MeccaNews concerning the son of the Governor of Candahar [Kandahar] who refused the summons of Dost Mahomed Khan and went to Seeistan [Sistan] and then Chaka [Chakah?] and intends to ‘go to Hindoostan’ [Hindustan, the Persian name for the Indian subcontinent] (f 39)The question of whether to authorise Meer Alem Khan [Mīr ‘Ālim Khān], son of Rahm dil Khan [Raḥīm Dil Khān], who left Kandahar and is in Dadur [Dhadar, also known as Dadhar, Balochistan], to carry out his intention of going to JacobabadThe question of whether to authorise the entry of Sirdar Munwar Dil Khan [Serdār Munawwar Dil Khān], a relative of Sirdar Rahim Dil Khan [Serdār Raḥīm Dil Khān], to enter British territory, in view of the lately renewed ‘friendship’ between Dost Mahomed Khan and the British Government in IndiaReports of a clash in the Marree [Mari] Hills between members of the Murree [Marī] and Boogtee [Bugṭī] tribes resulting in the defeat of the former.Physical description: 1 item (11 folios)
11. File 57/1928 Pt 2 'Iraq-Nejd Relations: Frontier Situation'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the situation on the frontier of Iraq and Nejd [Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd], in particular the attitude of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the impact of raids by the Akhwan [Ikhwan] (also referred to as 'Wahabis').The papers cover: the role of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the defence of Iraq and Koweit [Kuwait]; extracts from the report of the Administrative Inspector, Muntafiq Liwa for the year 1927, concerning raids by the Akhwan, and the situation on the frontier (folios 607-614); correspondence from Ibn Saud, and statements of replies to his allegations and arguments compiled by the High Commissioner for Iraq; the role of the Royal Navy in the defence of Kuwait; the defence of Iraq in general, including the use of armoured cars; proposals to send an Arab emissary to Ibn Saud; reports of Akhwan raids and losses; the defence of Kuwait in general; the threat of a British blockade against Hasa ports; the implementation of the Uqair Protocol; the movements and activities of various tribes, including the Mutair; defence of the Transjordan frontier; proposals for the creation of an Iraqi camel force; report by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Diwaniyah, entitled 'Organisation of the Defended Line', with annotations (folios 211-221); proposals for negotiations between Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton and Ibn Saud; a paper entitled 'A Short History of 'Iraq-Najd Relations from about the Time of the Fall of Hail to Ibn Sa'ud's Protest against the Establishment of the 'Iraq Police Post at Busaiyah.' (folios 134-152); report on the 'Origin of the Busaiyah Post' (folios 130-131); raids from Transjordan into Nejd, resulting in protests from the Government of Nejd and Hejaz; and correspondence concerning the alleged reinforcement of the frontier by the Iraqi Government, August 1928.The file includes correspondence from: the High Commissioner for Iraq, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, HM Consul and Agent, Jeddah, and the Colonial Office.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 617; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-568; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
12. File 57/1928 Pt 19 'Nejd-Transjordan Frontier situation.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns diplomatic negotiations over the settlement of frontier issues between Transjordan and the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.The file includes correspondence from: the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; the High Commissioner for Transjordan; HM Chargé d’Affaires, Jeddah; and Fuad Hamza, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.The papers cover: the arbitration investigations of Mervyn Sorley MacDonnell [who was appointed by the British Government to examine claims arising from cross-border raids]; correspondence from MacDonnell concerning the use of the oath in Bedouin disputes, September 1930; correspondence concerning an insult to the Hejaz and Nejd Agent at Amman (Shaikh Abdul Aziz bin Zeid) in September 1930 by Hamad bin Jazi, of the Howaitat [Banū al-Ḥuwayṭāt] tribe, including the personal attitude to the insult of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], as 'the effective "Hejaz Government"'; reports of continuing cross-border raids into both Transjordan and Hejaz and Nejd; report by Royal Air Force Headquarters, Jerusalem, on the possibility of aggression by Ibn Saud against Transjordan or the Yemen (folios 235-243); complaints by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mecca, of 'insults' against their Agent, and representatives of their tribes, from certain subjects of Transjordan at Amman, October 1930; and protests by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mecca, against raids.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 518; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
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