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1. ‘Book 128’ Letters outward
- Description:
- Abstract: All letters in the file are from the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at his Residency on the Island of Karrack [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye] and are addressed mainly to the British Government in Bombay. Many of the Resident’s letters include extracts from reports submitted to him by the British naval commander in charge of the Persian Gulf Squadron and the Native Agent in Shargah [Sharjah], both acting under his direction. The majority of the Resident’s letters concern outbreaks of hostilities between the several Arab Chiefs and their tribespeople inhabiting the Arabian coast and ports of the Persian Gulf, as well as the measures taken by him to enforce the Maritime Truce and suppress piracy in the region. Events, intelligence and activities reported in the year 1841 include the following:The disunion between Shaikh Sultan ben Suggur [Sultan bin Saqr], the Joasmee [Qasimi] Chief of Shargah and his son Suggur, who sought refuge with his rival Shaikh Mukhtoom [Maktūm], the Chief of Debaye [Dubai] (folios 2-3);The Resident’s ultimatums, including the threat of naval force, to Shaikh Salmin bin Nasir, Governor of Biddah [Doha] regarding his protection of the pirate Jubbur Rugragee and to Shaikh Mukhtoom, Chief of Debaye regarding his condonation of the repeated aggressions by his subjects on boats belonging to Benyas [Bani Yas] tribespeople (folios 4-7, 13-15);Disturbances by the townspeople of Bushire, following the introduction of new taxes and the non-payment of the troops guarding the town, by Sheikh Nasir, the Governor of Bushire (folios 8-9, 27);The unwillingness of the Shaikhs of Brymee [al Buraimi] to stop the frequent marauding expeditions by members of their tribes into the territories of the Imam of Muscat (folios 11-12);The Resident’s tour of the Arabian coast by ship in May for the annual renewal of the Maritime Truce at successive meetings with the Chiefs of the Arab ports (folios 13-15, 18-24, 27, 39-41);During a visit by the Prince of Shiraz, the merchants of Bushire and Shiraz affirm that the British occupation of the Island of Karrack is harmful to Persian trading interests (folios 16-17);The persistent marauding expeditions of Shaikh Khalifa bin Shakboot [Khalifa bin Shakhbut], the Benyas Chief of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] into the districts of Shaikh Sultan ben Suggur of Shargah and Shaikh Mukhtoom of Debaye (folios 26, 30-33);Repossession of the Fort at Houken by Syed Sooweny, Governor of Muscat, from the deposed Oman Chief, Syef bin Sooleman who had seized it in a surprise attack (folios 28, 32);The Resident gives his reasons for doubting that the peace agreed between the Joasmee and Naeem Tribes on one side and the Benyas, Moozara and Joowahir Tribes on the other side will last (folios 34-35);The Resident rescues members of the Persian royal family from shipwreck off the Island of Karrack, on the morning of 17 November (folios 42-43);The Resident’s detailed instructions and arrangements for an urgent British mission to Ameer Khaled at his camp near Lahsah [Al-Hasa], to dissuade him from invading Oman and thereby prevent the outbreak of tribal war in Oman and the destruction of Brymee (44-46, 49-50);The Resident’s detailed instructions for the work of the Residency during his absence and under the temporary charge of Lieutenant-Colonel C Davies in December, the latter’s preparations on taking up his new duties, for the imminent evacuation of British troops from the Island of Karrack (folios 47-50).Numerous letters have been crossed through. These tend to be short letters about the routine management of the Residency: staff, accommodation, equipment, accounts and communications.A few surviving letters are incomplete, only the start or end of the letter remains on file.The file title ‘Book 128 1841’ is written in blue ink on a 20th century file cover (folio 1) enclosing the letters, which are unbound.Physical description: Foliation: the letters in the file are numbered 2 to 50, from front to back. The numbering is written in pencil in the top right corner and encircled, on the recto.Pagination: the contents of the file were originally numbered in ink as follows: 21-24, 57-64, 71-74, 111-112, 115-124, 135-138, 153-166, 209-212, 245-246, 255-258, 263-278, 281-282, 305-310, 363-366, 371-380, 389-392.
2. 'File 35/3 The Divers' Riot of May 1932'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials related to unrest that took place in Bahrain in May 1932 and involved a number of the country's pearl divers. A detailed account of the protests written by Britain's Political Agent in Bahrain, Captain Charles Geoffrey Prior is enclosed between folios 4-10.The file contains a transcript of an exchange regarding the protests that took place between Member of Parliament, David Grenfell and Sir Samuel Hoare, the Secretary of State for India in the House of Commons on November 28 1932 (ff 26-27).Also enclosed is a letter to the Foreign Office from Travers Buxton of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society regarding an article that a Berlin newspaper had published regarding the protests that was critical of the police's conduct and Britain's role in Bahrain more broadly (f 30). A translation of the article - entitled 'Swan Song on the Pearl Divers' and written by H J Von Bassewitz is contained between folios 31-37.A note on Bahrain's pearl divers written by Charles Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain is contained between folios 40-41.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 52; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-50; these numbers are also written in ink and pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
3. 'Memorandum on the Affairs of Persia. August 1892 to October 1893.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum is a summary of news and events in Persia of interest to the British Government. The subject matter largely concerns itself with reports indicating that the current Shah, Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, is very unpopular, and discussion on whether Britain and Russia should work together over the succession — in the event of his death — in order to maintain the independence of Persia as per their understanding of 1834. It therefore also includes brief mentions of riots in Astrabad [Gorgān], Bakhari [Chahār Maḩāl va Bakhtīārī], Hamadan, and the occupation of a telegraph office at Shiraz.There is also brief coverage of the state of Persian relations with Afghanistan, Turkey, and Russia, including a mention of a recent a recent boundary treaty signed with the latter in 27 May 1881.The memorandum was written by Francis Leverson Bertie, Foreign Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 106, and terminates at f 111, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. Coll 30/69 'Bahrain: Pearling Riots in.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns demonstrations by pearl divers in Bahrain in 1932, in the course of which two people were killed. The disturbances arose following the issue of a proclamation by the Government of Bahrain announcing changes in inheritance law. However, the file states that the basic cause of the 'riots' was economic: a protest against the smallness of diving advances. The papers record the British view of the causes of the disturbances and their circumstances; the role of Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain; the response to the events of the British Government; and comments in the German press.The papers include a letter from the Political Agent, Bahrain (Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior) to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, giving a detailed account of events (folios 65-79); papers concerning Belgrave's reaction to a Parliamentary question by the Labour MP David Grenfell about the events, and Belgrave's role in them (folios 40-51); and correspondence between the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society, the Foreign Office, and other British officials concerning an article in the German press entitled 'Swan Song of the Pearl Divers' by Hans Joachim von Bassewitz, which was highly critical of British handling of the incident (folios 4-38).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 81; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
5. Coll 30/228 'COMMUNAL SITUATION IN PERSIAN GULF.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a single item of correspondence from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Rupert Hay) to the Commonwealth Relations Office, London, concerning communal relations between Muslims, Jews, Sikhs, and Hindus in the Persian Gulf.The enclosures to the letter include a copy of a letter from the Ministry of External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations of the Government of India, alleging acts of looting, rape, and murder by members of the Muslim League against the Jewish community in Bahrain, and asking the Resident to take measures to ensure the safety of Indian nationals there. The Resident in response acknowledged that some anti-Jewish rioting had taken place in Bahrain in December 1947, and mentioned rumours of intended attacks by Pakistani Muslim employees of Petroleum Development Qatar against the Company's Sikh employees in Qatar, but felt that no special measures were required for the protection of Indian nationals in the Gulf.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
6. Proceedings and Dispatches, Aden 1839
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists primarily of correspondence with notes, reports and memoranda dated between 10 July and 2 September 1839; it relates to Aden during the first month after its capture by the British.The papers cover the following: a request for weights and measures at the Custom House at Aden; Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines and his position in Aden as Political Agent; the introduction of Bombay [Mumbai] currency in Aden; the establishment of a British port in Aden; improvements in the lines of communication between Bombay and Aden; the movements of European, British and Egyptian troops around the Gulf; an agreement with the Sultan of Aden; riots in Aden; a revolt by the Sultan's son; the Jewish community in Aden.The main correspondents are the following: Governor-General of India; Political Agent, Aden; Accountant General of India; General of the British Army; Secretary to the Government of Bombay; Government of India's Foreign and Political Department; Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay.Physical description: 1 item (138 folios)