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1. '[Letter] from Brigadier-General C H U Price, Political Resident, Aden, to the Political Department, Bombay'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a letter from Brigadier-General Charles Henry Uvedale Price, the Political Resident at Aden, in which he forwards a report of a visit to the Idrisi Saiyid Muhammad ibn Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad at Jezan by Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Fenton Jacob.The report, dated 17 January 1916, covers the various topics which were discussed by Jacob and the Idrisi during their meeting, including:Southern Red Sea patrol policy;trade with Jeddah;Idrisi and foreign trade;kerosine oil;port clearances to Idrisi dhows;supplies to Turks;firing on HMS Lanka's boats;Idrisi's animus against Turks;Idrisi military movements;Turkish deserters;Idrisi's political movements;Hashid Wa Bakil;Imam Yahya;Sherif of Mecca;Senussi;Saiyad Mestafa;Idrisi's person;sheiks [shaikhs];honours to Idrisi.The report includes the 'Policy for His Majesty's Ships in the Southern Red Sea Patrol', dated 27 Jan 1916.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 36, and terminates at f 39, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
2. 'Present political situation in our hinterland and beyond the border'
- Description:
- Abstract: The main document is a note written by Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Fenton Jacob, First Assistant Resident, Aden, and outlines the current situation in Aden with a view to encouraging the British Government to take military action against the 'Turkish incursion' in Yemen. In the attached covering letter which is forwarded to the Secretary of State for India, William Crawford Walton, the Acting Political Resident for Aden, confirms his support of the points put forward by Jacob and urges for decisive action in the region before another Western power takes action and, in turn, takes responsibility for the area. The documents support the institution of a progressive plan by Britain which will involve the construction of public facilities such as roads, railways, schools and hospitals with a view to encouraging support for, and therefore protection of, the Protectorate.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 30, and terminates at f 32, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
3. 'Territorial re-adjustments. Extract from Secret Letter from the Government of India, No 85, dated 29 September 1916'
- Description:
- Abstract: This letter relates to the post-war disposal of captured territories such as Iraq and German East Africa. The Government of India presents its opinions regarding three main areas:the surrender or retention of captured territories relating to Indian interests;obsolete treaty rights and territorial readjustments vis-à-vis the Government of India’s allies;the proposed readjustment of the boundary of the Aden Protectorate and future policy generally in that area.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 95, and terminates at f 96, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
4. 'Aden. The political situation in the hinterland.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This document describes the current political situation in Aden as a result of the fact that Turkish [Ottoman] troops have been allowed to take control of various parts of the Protectorate at various points over the previous two years. The India Office believes that a greater show of strength is required by the British Government and that the Turks should be expelled from the region before the end of the war [First World War].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 150, and terminates at f 150, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
5. 'The Aden Protecorate'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file opens with a letter by Brigadier-General William Crawford Walton, General Officer Commanding, Aden, to the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department. The letter outlines four options for how the British may best handle the current political situation in Aden, a British Protectorate. Attached to the letter are two enclosures which largely support Walton's ideas. The first enclosure is written by Colonel Robert Alexander Wauhope, Political and Military Intelligence Officer, Aden, and details the history of 'The Boundary of the Aden Protectorate'. The second enclosure is written by Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Fenton Jacob, First Assistant Resident, Aden, and provides information on 'A Political Policy in our Hinterland'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 43, and terminates at f 48, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
6. ‘File 12/18 Registration of sailing vessels’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence exchanged between the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agency at Bahrain, relating to the registration of sailing vessels. Included in the file is a copy of a Government of India notification No. 2394-E, dated 23 August 1884, relating to the issue of certificates to sailing vessels, to which a letter from the Residency refers, enquiring whether it is still necessary to make provision for the local registration of sailing craft sailing under the British flag (ff-3-5). The Agency’s response (f 6) states that almost all vessels in Bahrain are registered by Bahrain Customs, meaning there is no necessity for registration under the 1884 notification. In response, the Residency states that order No. 2394-E of 1884 may be considered as cancelled (f 7). A handwritten note in the file notes, dated 24 June 1950 (ff 8-9), provides more details of the Agency’s response to the Residency’s enquiry regarding registration of sailing vessels at Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 10; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
7. ‘File 28/26 Admiralty war requirements’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises copies of correspondence related to enquiries from British naval authorities in the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal, asking after the availability of various marine resources (motorised and sailing dhows, divers, barges) for procurement by the naval authorities for military means. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Agent at Bahrain (Major Reginald George Evelin William Alban); the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (SNOPG: Commodore Cosmo Moray Graham); the Customs and Port Director at Bahrain (Claud Cranbrook Lewis DeGrenier).The file includes:an enquiry made in February 1941 by the SNOPG as to whether the Ruler of Dubai would be prepared to sell or lease his motor launch; with a reply in June 1941 that the launch can be brought for 30,000 rupees, but is not for hire (ff 2-4, f 19-20);an enquiry made in March 1941 by the SNOPG to the Political Agents in the Persian Gulf, as to the availability of large ocean-going dhows (over one-hundred tons), urgently required for use in the Suez Canal. Correspondence includes the Political Agent in Bahrain’s enquiry to the Port Director at Bahrain, and his replies, which included a list of sailing dhows at Bahrain (not included in the file) and his recommendation that laid-up dhows at Bahrain be purchased and refurbished by the Admiralty (ff 6-8, ff 10-12, ff 15-18);a request, forwarded by the SNOPG from the Senior British Naval Officer (SBNO) Suez Canal, dated 9 March 1941, for native divers to work in the Suez Canal, searching for mines (ff 13-14);proposals made by the Political Agent at Bahrain, and sanctioned by the Political Resident, of a mine-watching organisation at the Sitrah anchorage in Bahrain, entailing the stationing of a company of Indian State troops (ff 26-30);an enquiry made in December 1941, forwarded from Britain’s Ambassador at Cairo, for bulk oil barges available for sale, with details of price, capacity and draught, for use in the Suez Canal. Replies from representatives of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) and the California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC) state that no such barges can be spared (ff 33-35).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 41; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-38; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
8. 'File 3/1 I Seizure or Detention of Kuwait sailing craft by Persians'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to several cases of Kuwaiti sailing boats being seized or detained by the Persian authorities. The file consists mostly of correspondence between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and various British diplomatic officials. Most of the correspondence concerns the circumstances of the seizures and the nationalities of the crew members.One particular case relates to a Kuwaiti dhow that was destined for Fao [Al Fāw] with a cargo of sugar and groceries, and was reportedly seized in the Shatt al Arab by Persian customs. The correspondence regarding this incident, which took place on 6 December 1932, is concerned with confirming the nationalities of the dhow's crew members and whether or not the dhow was seized in Persian or Iraqi waters. Another case involves the abduction of two Persian customs guards, who were taken by force to Kuwait on a Persian dhow carrying contraband sugar.The principal correspondents in the file are the following:Political Agent, Kuwait;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire;Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire;British Minister, Tehran;British Consul, Mohammerah [Khorramshahr];British Vice-Consul, Mohammerah;British Consul for Khuzistan, Ahwaz;HM Ambassador, Baghdad;Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs;British Legation, Tehran;Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir as-Sabah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ].The file includes a circular letter, distributed by the Political Agent, Kuwait, to the Political Resident and to the other Political Agents in the Gulf, which requests certain details (such as date, place, name and nationality of vessel) in all reports regarding seizures of dhows, in order to assist the Political Resident in his communications with the Persian Government.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 250; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-248 and ff 6-247; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
9. 'File 3/2 Interference with Kuwait Sailing Craft on High Seas by Persian warships.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to incidents of Kuwaiti sailing boats being intercepted (and in some cases seized and detained) by Persian warships and other vessels, on suspicions of smuggling. The file largely consists of correspondence between British officials regarding several specific incidents, including one case in which a Kuwaiti dhow was reportedly seized by a Persian warship (the Babr) off Henjam [Henjān], and towed to Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās]. Much of the correspondence surrounding this case and others is concerned with establishing whether or not the incidents occurred within Persian territorial waters.The file discusses more generally the British perspective regarding the extent of Persia's territorial waters and the Persian Navy's right to stop and search foreign vessels in the Gulf. Also included are instructions from the Admiralty regarding the attitude that should be adopted by His Majesty's ships in the Gulf in response to incidents of interference by Persian vessels.The principal correspondents are the following:Political Agent, Kuwait;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf;British Minister, Tehran (later referred to as His Majesty's Ambassador, Tehran);British Chargé d'Affaires, Tehran;Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmed Al-Jabir As-Sabah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ];Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs;Foreign Office;India Office;Admiralty;Persian [Iranian] Ministry of Foreign Affairs;Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf.Some of the correspondence dating from after 1935 refers to 'Iranian' rather than 'Persian' vessels, presumably in response to the Iranian Government's request for the international community to refer to the state by its historical name.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 275; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-274, and ff 6-274; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. 'File 3/1 II Seizure or detention of Kuwait Sailing Craft by Persians Vol. 2.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file documents a series of investigations carried out by various British officials into reports of Kuwaiti sailing boats being seized and detained by Iranian authorities. Most of the file consists of copies of telegrams between the following British officers: the Political Resident, Bushire (also serving as British Consul-General); the British Consul, Kerman; the British Minister, Tehran. Other correspondents in the file include the following: the Political Agent, Kuwait; the British Vice-Consul, Khorramshahr; the Ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Ahmad al Jabir as Sabah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ]; the Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs.The majority of the file is concerned with a case involving a Kuwaiti sailing craft that was reportedly seized by an Iranian warship (an Imperial Iranian Navy ship referred to as HIMS Babr) near Henjam [Henjān] on suspicion of smuggling, and towed to Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]. Much of the correspondence between British officials is concerned with confirming whether or not the boat was outside Iranian territorial waters when it was seized.Another case relates to a Kuwaiti boat that was apparently seized by Iranian customs officials at Qusbeh (also referred to as Gusbah) [Qoşbeh-ye Manī‘āt, Khuzestan, Iran], on the Iranian side of the Shatt al Arab. The third and final case concerns a Kuwaiti dhow that was reportedly seized at Khorramshahr.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 109; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-107; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
11. 'File 3/7 PIRACY in the Persian Gulf.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to several cases of robbery, which have reportedly been committed by Persian subjects (referred to in the file as pirates) in the Shatt-al-Arab, against Kuwaiti sailing boats, including those belonging to the Kuwait Water Supply Company.The file includes copies of correspondence from other British officials, including a letter, dated 22 January 1945, from the British Embassy, Baghdad, to the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in which a request is made on behalf of the Government of Kuwait for steps to be taken to improve the security of the Shatt-al-Arab (since the attacks have taken place in waters policed by the Iraqi authorities). Elsewhere in the file, the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al Jabir As-Subah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ], asks the Political Agent at Kuwait to request that the Iraqi Government permit all Kuwaiti sailing craft the right to carry arms for self-defence.In a copy of a letter, dated 2 February 1945 and addressed to His Majesty's Ambassador, Tehran, the British Consul at Khorramshahr, Andrew Charles Stewart, suggests that the robberies will never be completely suppressed unless the British military authorities permit the Persians the freedom to maintain and operate a small, permanent garrison in the northern half of Abadan.Other correspondents in the file include the following: the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf; the Mutassarif [Mutasarrif] of Basrah Liwa, Basrah; the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 88; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 2-28 and ff 29-87; these numbers are written in pencil and coloured pencil, but are not circled, and some have been crossed out. A previous foliation sequence between ff 1-88, which is written in pencil and circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
12. Removal of the Embargo Placed on the Vessels of the Shaikh of Kishm Visiting India
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the East India Company's Secret Committee, Number 1 of 1841, dated 28 January 1841. The enclosures are dated 15 November 1840 to 27 January 1841.The enclosures mainly consist of copies of letters sent and received by the Government of Bombay, relating to the embargo placed on the vessels of the Shaikh of Kishm [Qishm], Shaikh Abdool Ruhman bin Suggur [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Saqr], visiting India being removed, and the Shaikh’s buggalow [sailing vessel] the Yacoob(also written as Acoob) being released, upon his entering into an engagement to pay a demand from the British Government for the plunder of the buggalow Futeh Ool Ruhman.This correspondence is between Government of Bombay and the following: the Resident in the Persian Gulf (Captain Samuel Hennell); Shaikh Abdool Ruhman bin Suggur of Kishm, and his Agent Mahomed Moolla Hussan (also spelled Mahomed Moola Hoossein); the Collector of Customs, Bombay; the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; the Secretary to the Government of Fort St George; and the Secretary to the Government of India.Letters from the Resident in the Persian Gulf include copies of enclosed letters to the Political Agent at Muscat, to Shaikh Abdool Ruhman, and from the Imam of Muscat.Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-15, on folios 3-5. These numbers are repeated for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.