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181. Coll 28/108 ‘Persia. General situation in Meshed following the Russian occupation (incl. proposed consular escort. Withdrawal of Indian Long Range Squadron.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers relating to conditions in Meshed [Mashhad] during the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Persia [Iran] during the Second World War. The file includes: telegraphic reports sent by HM Consul at Meshed (also referred to as HM Consul-General for Khorasan), Clarmont Percival Skrine, to the Foreign Office, reporting on matters including the general security situation in Meshed, the activities of the Russian military, local public opinion, food production and supply, and local political developments, including the activities of the Tudeh Party of Iran; six-monthly political reports on the political situation in East Persia, also prepared by Skrine. The file also contains: correspondence dated 1945 relating to questions over the withdrawal of the Indian Long Range Squadron, originally formed in 1941 to patrol the border between the Soviet Union and Persia; correspondence, including a sketch map (f 53), over the position of the boundary between the Persia and Iraq Command (PAIC) and Indian Command. The file’s principal correspondents are: HM Consul-General for Khorasan; the British Ambassador in Tehran; the Foreign Office.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 361; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence between ff 2-190, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
182. Coll 28/87 ‘Persia; Railways; Mirjawa-Duzdap section of Duzdap Railway. Road Communications between Persia & India’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers relating to the railway line running from Duzdap [Zahedan] via Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh] in Iran, across the border to Nok Kundi in India (now Pakistan).The first section of the file contains papers dated December 1934 to November 1941 (ff 111-184), chiefly exchanged between HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, and the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India. The correspondence concerns the viability of the Duzdap stretch of the railway line which the Government of India are considering withdrawing, and which the Persian Government would like to improve in order to encourage trade between Persia [Iran] and India. This part of the file also contains correspondence relating to improvements of the road running between Nok Kundi and Mirjawa.The second section of the file contains papers dated September 1944 to June 1945 (ff 53-110) and concerns: the British Government’s request to the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to remove disused rails at the sidings in Mirjawa so that they might be used elsewhere for military purposes; the construction of a railway from Zahidan [Zahedan] to Kerman; maintenance of the Zahidan to Meshed [Mashhad] road as part of a supply line to China; a minute with multiple enclosures written by the Additional Counsellor at the British Embassy in Tehran, Lieutenant-Colonel Everard Huddleston Gastrell, relating to the Iranian Government’s refusal to allow the North Western Railway to remove rails at Mirjawa for war purposes.The third section of the file contains papers dated July 1946 to October 1947 (ff 5-52). The papers relate to the Iranian Government’s desire to take over the Zahidan to Mirjawa railway line, and include a report, sent by the Foreign Department of the Government of India to the British Ambassador at Tehran in June 1947, on the Mirjawa to Zahidan railway, covering its history, and political, strategic and economic aspects (ff 9-31).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 185; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
183. Coll 28/85 ‘Persia. Relations with H.M.G. Anglo-Persian Oil Company.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning diplomatic relations between the British and Persian Governments over the concession and operations of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company Limited (from 1935, Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Limited), referred to as APOC hereafter. The file includes: correspondence dated 1933 to 1935 from the British Consul at Kermanshah, reporting progress of the construction of APOC’s oil refining facilities at Kermanshah; correspondence dated 1939 and 1940 reporting on the Shah of Persia [Reza Shah Pahlavi] and his Government’s efforts to renegotiate the terms of the APOC concession, in light of the heightened strategic importance of APOC’s oil production to Britain during wartime conditions; correspondence dated 1941 reporting on wartime developments, the likelihood of German occupation of Iran, and the threat to APOC oil production in the country. The file also includes: two bound and printed copies of the APOC Concession 1933-1993, printed in French and English, and accompanied by a fold-out map of the concession area (ff 127-149, ff 150-172); an illustrated brochure, published by APOC in 1924 to commemorate the company’s stand at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley in 1924 (ff 109-126).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 188; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
184. Coll 30/93 'Position of Bahrein subjects in Persia and of Persian subjects in Bahrein.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the affairs of subjects of Bahrein [Bahrain] in Persia [Iran], and the affairs of the 'Persian' community (also referred to as the 'Holis') in Bahrain.The main correspondents are HM Representative, Tehran; HM Consul for Khuzistan; HM Vice-Consul, Mohammerah; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and the Political Agent, Bahrain.In terms of the affairs of Bahrainis in Iran, the papers, dated 1933-35, cover the alleged oppression of Bahrainis in Iran by the Iranian Government; the conscription of Bahrainis by the Iranian Government; discussion (between the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Government of India, and the Political Resident) of whether the British Government should make an official protest to the Iranian authorities over the treatment of Bahrainis; the difficulty posed by the Iranian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain; the question of dual nationality; petitions of complaint from Bahrainis; and discussion of whether the British should implement retaliatory measures.In terms of the affairs of the 'Persian' community in Bahrain, the papers, dated 1940, cover: the support of the 'Persian' community for the Germans in the Second World War, and consequent unease on the part of the Ruler of Bahrain; the suggestion by the Political Agent, Bahrain that internment should be considered for persons suspected of pro-German, or at least anti-British and anti-Bahrain Government sympathies; and a letter from the Political Resident to the Government of India, commenting on the complex nature of politics in Bahrain (folios 7-9).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 199; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-198; these numbers are printed, and are not circled.
185. Coll 30/154 'War Emergency Legislation in the Persian Gulf.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the formulation of war emergency legislation for the Persian Gulf in the run-up to, and during, the Second World War. According to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle) in 1937, certain factors peculiar to the Persian Gulf made specific legislation of this kind necessary: (a) the air route to India and beyond; (b) oil; (c) political connections with the neighbouring states of Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq (folio 626).The papers include: India Office minutes and correspondence (including letters sent to the Legal Adviser); correspondence from other British Government officials and departments (particularly the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Foreign Office) concerning draft legislation and amendments; draft orders-in-council and defence regulations; copies of published orders-in-council and regulations (especially The Persian Gulf States (Emergency) Order in Council, 1939, and various Defence Regulations made under The Persian Gulf States (Emergency) Order in Council, 1939), 1939-44; copies of notices promulgating the legislation and regulations in the region; and correspondence concerning King's Regulation Made under Article 70 of the Bahrain Order in Council, 1913, No. 1 of 1947 (The Supplies and Services Regulation, 1947).Additional powers were sought in particular by the need to detain enemy aliens found on board neutral ships (1940), and to deter looting (1942).The file also contains copies of the Bahrain Order-in-Council, 1913, and subsequent legislation (1913-17).The Arabic language content of the file consists of five folios of correspondence relating to alansissued by the Government of Kuwait (folios 201-205).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 640; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
186. Coll 30/178 'Location of Political Resident in time of war.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the question of whether to evacuate the Political Residency at Bushire in the run-up to, and following the outbreak of the Second World War.The file contains the views of HM Minister at Tehran, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India.The papers cover: the strategic and political implications of evacuating Bushire, and the British (and British Indian) citizens there; the cost of constructing a new Residency at Bahrain; the presence of German nationals in the area; the implications of making military preparations to defend Bushire; and the attitude of the Iranian Government and the local population.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 161; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
187. Coll 30/187 'Prize jurisdiction in the Persian Gulf States.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the application to the Persian Gulf of amended prize jurisdiction in the run-up to, and following the outbreak of, the Second World War. Prize law related to the capture of enemy ships and goods during wartime. The Prize Act, 1939 extended prize law to aircraft also.The papers include: a letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, concerning special measures in the Persian Gulf on the outbreak of war, April 1939, including comments on Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Muscat and Oman, and the states that would automatically be at war on the side of the United Kingdom (Kuwait, Bahrain, and the Trucial Coast); copies of the Prize Act, 1939, and the Prize Courts Order in Council, 1939; India Office correspondence and minutes; correspondence from the Government of India; the special position of Muscat and Oman in terms of prize jurisdiction (e.g. folio 16); and a copy of the Reprisals Restricting German Commerce Order in Council, 1939.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 109; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
188. Coll 30/197 ‘Persian Gulf. Special War Measures – Allocation of war-time expenditure. Appt. of Political Officer on Trucial Coast & addtl staff in the Gulf. Inc. Censorship (staff) Arrangements’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to special measures, mainly consisting of the recruitment of extra staff, taken by British authorities in the Persian Gulf in the event of war and during the Second World War. These special measures included the appointment of a Political Officer for the Trucial Coast and an increase in the staff of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the expenditure involved being divisible between the Indian and Imperial Revenues.The file also includes correspondence dated from after the end of the Second World War, regarding: the request of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf that the post of Political Officer, Trucial Coast, be raised to that of Political Agent, Trucial Coast; and the retention of the services of officers and staff currently in post.Papers in the folder labelled ‘Censorship Arrangements’ relate to: emergency legislation in the event of war giving the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agents at Bahrain and Muscat powers of censorship of post and telegrams, in the territories of the Shaikh of Bahrain and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; and the employment of one additional clerk each at Kuwait, Bahrain, and Muscat, for censorship work in the event of war.The papers mostly consist of correspondence, but the file also includes India Office External Department minute papers, India Office internal notes, and the following pamphlets: ‘Statements Comparing the Expenditure incurred by the Government of India on Diplomatic and Consular Services in Iran in the year 1939-40 with that in the previous year’; and ‘Statement of expenditure incurred on the Koweit Agency during the year 1939-40’.The correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Government of India External Affairs Department; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Foreign Office; and the Treasury.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 153; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
189. Coll 30/198 ‘Persian Gulf Defence : - ABADAN.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers mostly relating to the defence of Abadan (and to a lesser extent other areas of Persia [Iran] and Bahrein [Bahrain]) during the Second World War.It includes papers concerning the following: the defence of oil installations of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) at Abadan from air attack and sabotage; an order (Regulation 29 BB of the Defence (General) Regulations, 1939) requiring British subjects and British protected persons in Persia to perform civil defence duties at Abadan, in the oilfields and at Kermanshah; the question of the application of the Regulation to Indian and Dominion British subjects; arrangements for the payment of compensation for war injuries to British subjects and British protected persons in Persia engaged in civil defence duties; and the question of compensation for war injuries for Indian employees of the AIOC in Persia.The papers consist of correspondence and other papers including:Minutes of the Security Executive Conference on security of oil installations at Abadan, 19 August 1942, and note by the Chairman, 18 August 1942Minutes of a meeting held at the Foreign Office on 31 December 1943 to discuss the application of Regulation 29 BB to PersiaA copy of an instrument delegating to HM Minister at Tehran powers of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs under Regulation 29 BBA memorandum of instructions for HM Minister at Tehran on the operation of Defence Regulation 29 BB.The main correspondents are as follows: the Government of India, External Affairs Department; the Ministry of Fuel and Power, Petroleum Division (formerly the Petroleum Department); the Foreign Office; the Minister of State, Cairo [Minister of State Resident in the Middle East]; and HM Minister, Tehran.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 115, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
190. Coll 30/200 ‘Persian Gulf. Tour of Political Resident from Bahrein to Muscat in L. T. Nearchus.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers, mostly correspondence, relating to: a tour of Muscat by Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and HM Consul-General, Bushire, in February 1940; his journey from Muscat to Bahrein [Bahrain] in the ship LT [Lighthouse Tender] Nearchus; and a later tour of Bandar Abbas, Jask and Chahbar [Chabahar] in Iran by Prior in November and December 1943.The correspondence includes the following letters from Prior to the Secretary to the Government of India External Affairs Department: a letter dated 26 April 1940, which consists of a detailed account of his trip to Muscat, including the day he spent at Kuwait with Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, and a stop to refuel and meet the Senior Naval Officer at Khor Kuwai [Khawr al Quway‘] on the way to Muscat, with twelve enclosed photographs [IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 22; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 23; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 24; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 25; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 26; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 27; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 28; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 29; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 30; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 31; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 32; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 63]; and a letter dated 29 April 1940, recounting Prior’s cruise from Muscat to Bahrain, with stops at Qais [Kish] Island and Ras Tanura. Copies of these letters were sent from Prior to Roland Tennyson Peel at the India Office.The file also includes: a copy (sent from Prior to the Secretary of State for India) of a letter from Prior to Sir Reader William Bullard, HM Minister, Tehran, dated 28 January 1944, which contains a report of his tour of Bandar Abbas, Jask and Chabahar; a letter in response from Bullard to Prior dated 22 February 1944; and a letter from the Foreign Office to Bullard, dated 23 March 1944, regarding Prior’s report.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 66, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
191. Coll 30/202 ‘Persian Gulf. Photographs of Notabilities (Sheikhs &c) (used for propaganda purposes)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers, mostly correspondence, relating to the use of illustrations for propaganda purposes during the Second World War.It includes correspondence regarding a request from the Ministry of Information for photographs for the Middle East edition of a proposed fortnightly War Pictorialpublication, and for the Arabic Listener(which they hoped would soon be produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)).The file also includes correspondence in connection with another letter from the Ministry of Information to the India Office, seeking the latter’s advice as to whether enclosed coloured portraits of Emir Abdullah of Transjordan [IOR/L/PS/12/3942, f 21], the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [IOR/L/PS/12/3942, f 22], and the Shaikh of Bahrein [Bahrain] [IOR/L/PS/12/3942, f 23] should be used for distribution on a large scale in the Middle East, especially in the Hadhramaut and the Persian Gulf.In addition, the file includes a black and white photograph of Khan Sahib Said Abdul Razzak al Razzuki, Residency Agent, Sharjah, whom the text typed on the back of the photograph states was a native of Kowait [Kuwait] [IOR/L/PS/12/3942, f 31]. The main correspondents are the India Office, the Ministry of Information, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 32, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
192. Coll 30/204 ‘Persian Gulf Oil. Future of oil in its relation to the Middle East – Admiralty Memorandum on –’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains: a copy of an Admiralty memorandum, dated 11 October 1940, entitled ‘The Future of Oil in its Relation to the Middle East’; and correspondence related to the memorandum and to the arrival in Iran of eight German officers, who were suspected of being involved in activities against British interests, in particular against the Anglo-Iranian oilfields.The correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Petroleum Department; the Foreign Office; and the Colonial Office. The India Office correspondence includes internal notes between India Office officials.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 33, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.