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37. Coll 30/75 'Anglo-Persian Relations: Persian claims to Arab Littoral. Persian Govt. question right of H.M. Govt. to make official representations on behalf of Arab Rulers.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns relations between the governments of the United Kingdom and Persia (also referred to as Iran), specifically in terms of relations between Persia and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf that were under British protection.The file mainly contains correspondence from British Government officials, notably the Foreign Office, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and HM Minister at Tehran.The papers cover: passport and visa regulations governing entry into Persia for citizens of Arab states on the littoral of the Persian Gulf; the treatment of subjects of those states (including the Kingdom of the Hedjaz [Hejaz], 1923) as British-protected persons in the matter of passports; the Persian claim to the Arab states on the littoral of the Persian Gulf, especially Bahrein [Bahrain]; the British response to an attempt by the Shaikh of Debai (Said bin Maktum) [Sa‘id bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm, Ruler of Dubai] to impose restrictions on the use of Persian dress by Persian citizens in Dubai (folios 281-288); 'interference' (boarding, searches) with Arab sailing vessels by ships of the Persian Navy; and the response of the Royal Navy to Persian interference in Arab shipping. The Arab states concerned are principally Bahrain, Koweit [Kuwait], the Trucial Coast, and Muscat and Oman.The French language content of the papers consists of a single item of diplomatic correspondence (folio 297).The file also contains copies of earlier papers dated 1892-1900, and 1914-15; there are no papers dated 1919-22.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 395; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-393; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
38. Coll 30/84 'PASSPORTS & VISAS: INCLUDING PERSIAN REFUSAL TO VISA BRITISH PASSPORTS ENDORSED FOR KOWEIT AND BAHRAIN.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the refusal of the Government of Persia (later referrred to as Iran) to issue visas for travel to Persia to holders of British passports bearing endorsements for Koweit [Kuwait] and Bahrain. The issue arose because of Persia's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain. This refusal by the Iranian authorities was later exetended (1938) to British passports bearing endorsements for the Trucial Coast and Muscat. The file also contains papers dated 1947 concerning the issue by the Political Agent, Bahrain of visas for Eritrea.The principal correspondents are the Foreign Office, and HM Minister, Tehran (later HM Ambassador to Iran).The Persian language content of the file consists of a single form.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the first folio of part one (ff 1-129) and terminates at the last folio of part two (ff 130-255); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-255; these numbers are printed, and are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers of the parts.
39. The Makran Dependencies of Muscat and Oman
- Description:
- Abstract: Letter and Enclosures to HM Secretary of State for India, dated 20 December 1871, concerning the Mekran [Makran] dependencies of Muscat: Gwadur [Gwadar] and Charbar [Chābahār].The papers cover: the view of the Government of Bombay that the Sultan of Muscat, Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] should enjoy the same rights over both Mekran and Bunder Abbas [Bandar Abbas] as his predecessor; the occupation of Gwadur and Charbar by the Sultan of Muscat's brother, Abdool Azeez [Abd'al Aziz Al-Said], and the Sultan's request that Abdool Azeez be removed from there by the British Government; the proposal that the gunboat Hugh Roseshould be sent to the area to establish the Sultan's authority there; and the Government of India's view that while not preventing the Sultan of Muscat from sending ships and men to Gwadar and Charbar, the British Government ought not to interfere further in the matter.The main correspondents are Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Major Edward Charles Ross, Political Agent and Consul, Muscat. There are also translations of two letters from the Sultan of Muscat.The Enclosures are dated 18 October - 7 December 1871.Physical description: There is an Abstract of Contents on folio 632, numbered 1-9.
40. Response of the Ottoman Authorities following the Murder of a Messenger at Bahrain
- Description:
- Abstract: Letter and Enclosures to HM Secretary of State for India, dated 20 December 1871.The papers concern the response to the seizure and execution at Bahrein [Bahrain] of a messenger from the 'pirate', Nassir bin Mobarek, who wished to communicate with Guttur [Qatar], and the seizure of letters the messenger was carrying. The messenger was said to have been responsible for the murder of the father of the Ruler of Bahrain [‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah], and the letters included some from the Ottoman military commander in the area.The Enclosures include reports of the incident, including one from the commander of HM Gunboat Hugh Rose; correspondence from Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Pelly, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; correspondence from the Viceroy; a request from Midhut Pasha, the Ottoman Governor at Baghdad for reparation over the incident; the British wish to avert the threat of Turkish interference in Bahrain; reports of the escape of Abdullah [Abdallah ibn Faisal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] from Lahsa [Hasa]; and reports of the expression by the Ruler of Bahrain of regret over the messenger's murder.The Enclosures are dated 27 October - 1 December 1871.Physical description: There is an Abstract of Contents on folios 570-571, numbered 1-23.
41. Letter from Louis Mallet, Under-Secretary of State for India, to Robert Bourke, Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: The letter outlines the opinion of the India Office that no negotiations should be opened with the Turkish authorities over more clearly defined areas of jurisdiction and responsibility for the two powers along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf. It is argued that Britain should maintain their commitments to the Trucial chiefs and the rulers of Bahrein [Bahrain] and Muscat, along with their security responsibilities on the Gulf seas, and if the Ottoman Turks do not impinge on these arrangements little communication with the Porte is deemed necessary. The argument is supported by an overview and discussion of the current situation in the region.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation for this description commences at folio 145 and terminates at folio 147, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.Condition: folio 145 is torn along one edge, with the loss of some text.
42. PZ 4718/1934 ‘Historical Memorandum on Bahrein.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of an India Office Historical Memorandum on Bahrein [Bahrain] by John Gilbert Laithwaite, dated 14 July 1924. The memorandum is primarily concerned with the history of Bahrein from the point of view of the political status of the islands, and in particular with the claims to sovereignty over them put forward by Persia [Iran] since 1783, and with the correspondence and discussions which have taken place in connection with such claims.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 24; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
43. Bahrain Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures Nos. 3-8 to Despatch No. 25 from the Secret Department, Bombay Castle, dated 22 June 1860. The Enclosures are dated 2 February-12 June 1860. Received 27 July 1860.The Enclosures reflect British concern over the actions of the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa [Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah]. The Ruler was accused by the British firstly of allowing his subjects to commit acts of piracy and brigandage that were likely to provoke conflict with the Wahabee [Wahhabi] Ruler in Nedjd [Najd], Ameer Fysul [Amir Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Āl Sa‘ūd], and secondly of attempting to surrender sovereignty over Bahrain to Persia (by allowing the Persian flag to fly over Bahrain), and to Turkey [the Ottoman Empire], by sealing a written act of submission and handing it over to Turkish emissaries.The papers include: despatches from Captain Felix Jones, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; correspondence between Jones and the Ruler of Bahrain; a report from Commander William Balfour, Senior Naval Officer Commanding Persian Gulf Squadron; précis of intelligence from Hajee Jassem, the British Agent at Bahrain; and resolution by the Honourable Board, dated 12 June 1860, approving the Political Resident's decision not to use force against the Ruler of Bahrain.Physical description: 1 item (49 folios)
44. Coll 30/103 'Basidu: Position of the inhabitants of Basidu in the event of evacuation by His Majesty's Government.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns discussions over the position of the inhabitants of Basidu [on the island of Qeshm], in the event of its evacuation by the British Government. Basidu was a former naval depot that had been under British control since [circa] 1820. However, in the opinion of the Law Officers, Britain had only a 'shadowy' claim to Basidu; and when the Government of Persia decided to claim Basidu as Persian territory, Britain decided to arrange for the evacuation of those inhabitants who wished to leave. The evacuation, and the hauling down of the British flag, took place on 12 April 1935 (folio 10).The papers cover: discussion of British rights over Basidu; consideration of the effect of British withdrawal on the inhabitants; the visit of Persian officials and the taking by them of a census of the inhabitants; agreement with the proposal of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf that £400 should be made available for the costs of the evacuation (half to be paid by HM Treasury, half by the Government of India); the conscription of local persons by the Persian authorities; and arrangements for the final evacuation of Basidu by the Royal Navy.The file includes correspondence from HM Minister, Tehran; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Foreign Office; and British naval officials.The French language content of the papers consists of a single folio (a suggested addition to article V of the General Treaty, on folio 193).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 204; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-203; these numbers are printed.
45. Coll 30/159 'Ownership of Hawar Islands.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the disputed claims of the rulers of Bahrain and Qatar to sovereignty over the Hawar Islands. The issue arose afresh in 1936 in response to a request from Petroleum Concessions Limited to settle the issue of ownership, in order that the Company could claim oil concession rights over the island as part of the concession not previously allocated to the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) (the Bahrain Unallotted Area).The papers contain statements of evidence on both sides, and correspondence discussing the question from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Foreign Office; Petroleum Concessions Limited; the Government of Bahrain; and the two rulers concerned. The British Government decided in 1939, after examining the evidence, that the islands belonged to Bahrain (folio 44). The papers show that the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior, challenged the validity of this judgement in 1941, stating that the case had been decided 'according to western ideas, and no allowance has been made for local custom and sentiment' (folios 6-8). However, a subsequent letter on the subject from the Government of India to the India Office concluded that it was then too late to reverse the decision (folio 4).The Arabic language content of the papers consists of approximately five folios; these include photographs of judgements (with translation, folios 57-58) submitted by the Government of Bahrain to the British Government, showing that the Bahrain Court had exercised jurisdiction in legal cases concerning residents of Hawar (folios 130-133).The file also includes photographs of places in Hawar (folios 126-127).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 181; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-179, and ff 48-88; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
46. Coll 30/163 'Boundaries of Persian territory: Status of the islands Tumb, Little Tumb, Abu Musa, Farur, Little Farur and Sirri.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the territorial status of a number of islands in the Persian Gulf. The issue arose in response to a request from the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Limited to the Foreign Office in 1938 concerning the extent of Iranian (generally referred to as Persian) territory, in order that the company could choose the precise location of the 100,000 square mile oil concession granted to them by the Iranian Government.The islands principally concerned are Tamb (also referred to as Tumb and Tunb), Little Tamb (also referred to as Nabiya Tunb), Abu Musa, Farur, Little Farur (also referred to as Nabiya Farur), Sirri, Arabi, and Farsi.The papers include correspondence from the Foreign Office describing the position of the British Government with regard to the status of each island; the question of whether to offer an ex gratia payment to the Shaikh of Sharjah in respect of any oil found at Sirri, September-October 1938; papers concerning the extent of Iranian territorial waters and the issue of offshore oil fields, including comments by the Petroleum Department, 1938; and the flying of the flag of the Shaikh of Ras al Khaima over Tamb Island, 1942.The file also includes India Office confidential prints dated 1928 relating to the status of some of the islands concerned.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 77; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-33; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
47. Coll 30/165 'Bahrein (and Nepal): Opium:- Supply of statistics under the Opium Conventions of 1925 and 1931.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the supply of statistical information concerning the import and export of dangerous drugs in respect of Bahrain. The information was supplied by the Political Agency, Bahrain, via the Home Office, to the Permanent Central Opium Board of the League of Nations (later the United Nations) in Geneva, Switzerland (and Washington DC). The information was required under the terms of the Geneva Opium Convention of 19 February 1925, and the Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs of 13 July 1931. The papers have an insignificant connection with Nepal, inasmuch as the status of that country is slightly considered along with Bahrain in correspondence and minutes dated 1935-36.The papers include: correspondence dated 1935-38 from Sir Malcolm Delevigne, who represented British interests on the League of Nations Supervisory Body concerned with the conventions; discussion by the India Office and the Foreign Office of the status of Bahrain for the purposes of the statistical returns, given the fact that Bahrain was an independent state whose foreign relations were controlled by the British Government, 1935-38; the effect of the Iranian claim to sovereignty over Bahrain, 1937-38; correspondence and forms (some also in French) from the Permanent Central Opium Board; and correspondence from the Political Agency, Bahrain, the India Office, and the Home Office (Drugs Branch) concerning the submission of quarterly and annual estimates in respect of Bahrain.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 543; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
48. Coll 30/170 'Question of ownership of Libainat islands.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the disputed ownership of the islands of Libaina (rendered Libainat in the file title) al Saghir and Libaina al Khabir (also referred to as Bain-as-Seghir and Bain-al-Khabir, or jointly as the Bainain), lying between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, which were the subject of territorial claims by both states. The papers also relate to the islands of Fasht al Jarim, Khor Fasht, and Chaschus (1939). The issue of sovereignty arose because the islands lay in the Bahrain Unallotted Area, and were therefore the subject of interest from the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) and other oil companies.The file contains correspondence from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent, Bahrain, the British Legation, Jedda, the Foreign Office, and the Admiralty; India Office minutes; and maps.The papers cover: discussion of the question of sovereignty over the islands; the attitude of Ibn Saud [Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd]; the issue of territorial waters; proposed lines of demarcation between Bahraini and Saudi spheres of influence; and the attitude of the British Government to a programme of drilling by BAPCO on the reefs of Adala, Fasht al Jarim, Fasht al Ashira, and Fasht Abu Saafa, 1941-42.The file also contains copies of correspondence dated 1909 (folios 78-83) concerning Turkish sovereignty in the area.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 131; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio