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1. 'Mesopotamia: customs tariff'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a letter from Louis Mallet, British Ambassador at Constantinople, to Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel, Secretary for the Political Department of the India Office, dated 15 April 1919. It also contains a memorandum by Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Talbot Wilson, the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad, dated 16 April 1919. Both items relate to potential changes to the customs tariff in former Turkish territories, and discuss the potential benefits or problems with proposals such as creating a custom union between Arab states, and with involving the League of Nations in decisions relating to any increases in tariffs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 38, and terminates at f 38, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
2. 'Memorandum by the Political Secretary, India Office, on German press opinion regarding the Middle East'
- Description:
- Abstract: This document outlines Germany's intentions to conduct economic dealings in Turkey, in particular through the importing and exporting of goods. The writer, Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel, explores the opinions of the press regarding the correct way to implement such procedures in Turkey, and discusses the likely shift in international relations and the balance of power (particularly between Britain, Russia and Germany) should Germany succeed in its economic ambitions. Hirtzel also discusses the new tariff which has just been introduced to Turkey.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 15, and terminates at f 17, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
3. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 70 of 1847, dated 6 August 1847. The enclosures are dated 11 May-6 August 1847 (although some internal copy documents date back to 23 November 1846).The primary documents are minutes and resolutions of the Governor in Council; letters from Arthur Malet, Secretary to Government, Bombay, to Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, Henry Miers Elliot, Secretary to the Government of India with the Governor-General, and Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and Honourable Company’s Agent in the Dominions of HH the Imam of Muscat; reports of the Collector of Customs; and related documents.The subjects covered include:Whether British cruisers have the right to seize boats committing ‘piracies’ within Turkish waters in the Persian Gulf, and the question of possible redress Britain could provide to aggrieved Arab ChiefsInvestigation of a complaint by the Sheikh of Bharein [Shaikh of Bahrain] about double import duties levied on Bahreini boats at Bombay, including reports of the Collector of Customs, Bombay, indicating that extra duties had been levied due to lack of appropriate certificates being furnished; and the Customs Department’s return of the extra duties levied earlier that year to the Bahreini boat owners, on this occasionBritish policy to prevent interference and extension of Turkish influence in the affairs of the Persian Gulf, notably regarding the independence of Bahrein and Koweit [Kuwait], including show of maritime force to deter aggression by TurkeyDesire of the Governor of Bunder Abbass [Bandar Abbas] to commence hostilities against the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, and preventive intervention by Hennell and by Hamerton who is sent to warn the Muscat ruler against hostilities with Persia [Iran].Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-28, on folios 354-358. These numbers are repeated for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
4. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 55 of 1847, dated 16 June 1847. The enclosures are dated 26 April-8 June 1847 (although some internal copy documents date back to 1 February 1847).The primary documents are letters from Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia and British Consul in Baghdad, to Henry Wellesley, HM Minister Plenipotentiary at Constantinople [Istanbul, Ottoman Empire], including his correspondence with Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Tehran and Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire [Būshehr].The subjects covered notably include:Duties payable by Persian [Iranian] merchants to Turkish (Ottoman) authorities in relation to imports and their onward exportTribal ‘unrest’ on the Turco-Persian frontier and delays in the arrival of a (Persian) Kermanshah Commissioner to adjudicate on disputesRawlinson’s concerns about a potential increase in Turkish-Persian tensions resulting from an Ottoman Special Commission sent to Bussorah [Basra] to assess and allegedly increase the values and revenues of the ports of Bussorah and Mohamerah [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah] and strengthen Turkish maritime power at the mouth of the Shat el-Arab [Shatt al-Arab] and in the Persian GulfThe possible return to Turkey of Kurdish refugees, notably the Meer of Rowanduz [Mir of Rawandiz]Tension between Turkey and Persia over how to deal with ‘piracy’ in the Persian Gulf, including prevention of Turkish interference with the commerce of Mohamerah; Hennell’s agreement with the Governor of Fars for dealing with ‘piracy’ and proposal that Nejib Pasha [Mehmed Necib Pasha also known as Muhammad Najib Pasha], Governor of Baghdad, could seize Persian or Arabian ‘pirate’ boats in Turkish waters and the Euphrates River and involve British vessels of war; Rawlinson’s annoyance with Hennell for offering the assistance of British vessels of war; Nejib Pasha’s refusal to agree to a suggestion he considered an infringement of international laws and which would need referral to the Porte (Government of the Ottoman Empire)Turkish passport regulations for the subjects of the European powers entering or travelling in the Ottoman dominions, including the implications for Indian pilgrims travelling to Mecca, Kerbela [Karbala] and Nejef [Najaf] (English translation, ff 27-32).Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-4, on folio 2. These numbers are repeated for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
5. Turkish Arabia Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee [Bombay Secret Letter], No. 9 dated 16 January 1856. The enclosure is dated 22 December 1856.The item comprises a letter from Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], Baghdad, to the Secretary to the Government, Bombay, forwarding for the attention of the Governor in Council, Bombay, and the Government of India, a copy of two of his despatches to Charles Augustus Murray, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia [Iran], reporting on the following matters:The recurrent differences between the Persian Consul in Baghdad, and the [Ottoman] Turkish Governor and local authorities in Baghdad, notably regarding the treatment of pilgrims and the ‘tolls and other charges to which [they] are liable in their transit from the frontier to Nejjif [Najaf] and back again’ (f 142)Discussions between the Persian Consul and the Governor of Baghdad, and the respective frontier authorities, regarding a ‘Muradee branch’ of the (‘Turco-Kurdish’) Jaaf tribe which ‘on its descent from the mountains of Ardelan [Ardalan] directs it march on the pasture grounds of Zohab’(f 143r) which is a contested territory.Physical description: 1 item (12 folios)
6. File 4640/1928 Pt 4 ‘Muscat: Future policy in. Tariffs. (April 1932- )’
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains papers relating to proposed increases in the rates of import duty charged by the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.It includes papers concerning:The decision of the British Government that, instead of seeking to amend the Commercial Treaty of 1891 between Muscat and the United Kingdom (Article 6 of which prevented the Muscat Government from imposing import duties higher than five per cent), they should address a note to the Muscat Government to the effect that, despite Article 6 of the Treaty, subject to certain conditions, no objection would be raised on behalf of HM Government to an increase in the Muscat custom duties of ten per cent (twenty five per cent on tobacco and alcoholic liquor fifty five or less degrees under proof)The need for the British Government to obtain the authorisation of HM Government in Canada and the Irish Free State for an increase in Muscat customs dutiesThe British Government obtaining the agreement of the French Government for them to address a similar note to the Muscat Government on behalf of the French Government, to the effect that, despite Article 10 of the Treaty between Muscat and France of 1844 (which also precluded the Muscat Government from charging import duties higher than five per cent), they would consent to the same increase in the Muscat customs duties.The papers mostly consist of correspondence and India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Board of Trade; the Foreign Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the British Embassy, Paris; the Dominions Office; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs; and the Political Agent and HM Consul, Muscat.The French language content of the file consists of copies of notes from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British Ambassador to Paris, dated 3 August 1932, 20 February 1933, 6 April 1933, 29 June 1934, 18 December 1935, and 7 May 1936.The Arabic content of the file consists of the following documents: extracts from the Political Resident’s notes to the Sultan of Muscat, and vice versa, dated 19 June 1933 and 4 March 1934 respectively, which are in both Arabic and English; a letter in Arabic from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 14 November 1938, with an English translation; an English and an Arabic copy of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the United Kingdom and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, dated 5 February 1939 (ratified 7 February 1939); and notifications from the Political Agent, Muscat, dated 19 April and 7 October 1940, regarding customs duty, which are in both English and Arabic.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 403; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
7. File 4640/1928 Pt 4 ‘MUSCAT: FUTURE POLICY IN. Tariffs.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains papers relating to British policy in Muscat. It includes some papers regarding the situation at Sur; however most of the volume concerns the financial situation of the Muscat state, mainly the proposal to increase state revenues by removing the limitation on the power of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to impose customs duties in excess of five per cent.It includes papers concerning the British Government asking the governments of the United States of America and France to agree to the modification of Article 3 of the Commercial Treaty between Muscat and the United States of 1833, and Article 10 of the Treaty between Muscat and France of 1844, respectively, which prevented the Sultan from levying import duties in excess of five per cent, in order to enable the general tariff and the tariff on alcohol and cigarettes to be increased.The volume also includes papers regarding the question of the revision of the tariff provisions of the Commercial Treaty of 1891 between Muscat and the United Kingdom, which also precluded the Muscat Government from imposing import or export duties higher than five per cent.In addition, the volume includes papers relating to the eventual proposal to abandon attempts to secure a modification of the Muscat Commercial Treaties with France and the USA, and instead to raise the tariff rate against all goods other than those carried in French and American vessels and those covered by the Commercial Declaration between Muscat and the Netherlands of 1877. This was due to the United States Government only being willing to consider the modification of the 1833 Treaty with Muscat on the basis of the accord of most favoured nation treatment to US nationals as well as US goods, which the Muscat Council had raised objections to, and which the India Office considered unacceptable.The papers consist of correspondence, draft treaty articles, India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers, reports, memoranda, and copies of the Maskat [Muscat] Order in Council, 1915 and the Maskat (Amendment) Order in Council, 1922.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Foreign Office; the British Embassy, Washington; and the British Embassy, Paris.The volume also includes: letters from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman to the Political Agent at Muscat, dated 9 March 1930, and to the Officiating Political Resident at Bushire, dated 25 August 1931, which are in Arabic with English translations; and letters in French from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British Ambassador to France, dated 15 October 1930 and 29 September 1931.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 484; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
8. File 5015/1919 Pt 1-3 'PERSIA:- REVISION OF CUSTOMS TARIFF'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume relates to the revision of the Anglo-Persian Customs Tariff. It comprises three parts as follows:IOR/L/PS/10/856: Part 1, ‘Persia: Appointment of Financial Adviser’ (ff 249-295)IOR/L/PS/10/856: Part 2, ‘Persia: Appointment of Experts for Revision of Tariff’ (ff 159-248)IOR/L/PS/10/856: Part 3, ‘Persia: Revision of Customs Tariff’ (ff 4-158).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (the front of each part).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 298; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.