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13. 'File 61/14 V (D 49) Nejd and 'Iraq, Relations between'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports relating to affairs between Najd, Kuwait, and Iraq. Most of the correspondence is between Lionel Haworth, the Political Resident in Bushire, Henry Dobbs, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, Ibn Sa'ud, the King of the Hejaz and Najd, Leo Amery, the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London, James More, the Political Agent in Kuwait, Cyril Barrett, the Political Agent in Bahrain, Edward Ellington, the Air Officer Commanding in Iraq, George Ambrose Lloyd, High Commissioner in Cairo, Herbert Plumer, High Commissioner in Jerusalem, H. G. C. Franklin, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, Bertram Thesiger, Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station, and the Government of India.The volume covers the British response to the crisis following the Ikhwan rebellion and the threat of attack on Kuwaiti and Iraqi territory. Documents relate to:military measures taken to defend Kuwait and Iraq and counter the Ikhwanthreat, including air reconnaissance and attacks, naval deployments (HMS Emerald,HMS Lupin,HMS Crocus, the Triad,HMS Enterprise,HMS Patrick Stewart,and the Bandraare all mentioned) frontier forts, and the supply of armoured cars and guns to Kuwait;rumours and reports of tribal movements in the region, usually coming from shepherds, merchants, travellers and other local sources;the thoughts and actions of Ibn Sa'ud himself, including his relations with the Ikhwan leadership;the endeavour to arrange a meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and either Gilbert Clayton or the Agent at Sharjah (a Muslim).Other subjects that emerge from the file are:a concern about the large amount of cypher work that needs to be done and the need for a cypher clerk from India;the situation in Yemen, including a rumoured meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and Imam Yahya, and the measures taken by the British to prevent further incursions into the Aden Protectorate by the Imam's forces;the official objection to a proposed visit by the Basra Timescorrespondent to Riyadh to meet Ibn Sa'ud.Notable within the volume are the following documents:a series of intelligence reports by Gerald de Gaury, who was appointed to gather such information, including information on a Mutair informant, the topography of the Batin frontier, and the Roqah division of the 'Ataibah (‘Utaiba) tribe (folios 249-269);Report by Barrett on Ibn Sa'ud's position, frame of mind, and actions (folios 268-274).Physical description: Foliation: The sequence runs from the first folio through to the inside back cover (ff 1A-287). The numbers are written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E. There is a second sequence that runs from 20 through to 286 (ff 19-283) but is inconsistent. The numbers are also written in pencil in the same place, but are not circled. Some early numbers are crossed out.
14. 'File 10/12 IX Oils and Minerals - Trucial Coast Oil, P.C.L.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence, reports and a map regarding exploration for oil and the granting of oil concessions (and related British Government policy) in the states of the Trucial Coast.Much of the correspondence is between British officials in the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Political Agency in Bahrain, the Political Residency in Bushire and the Petroleum Department in London. Also contained in the file is correspondence between British officials and oil company executives and local rulers including Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the ruler of Abu Dhabi and Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi, the ruler of Sharjah. Some of this correspondence is in Arabic.The file contains the following items of note:summary of the oil concessions situation in 'Qatar, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain and Kalba, Ajman and Abu Dhabi as of 15th Nov 1937' (folio 6);copy of a 1937 agreement between the Government of Britain and Petroleum Concessions Limited concerning Sharjah (folios 29-30);description of routes between the Trucial Coast states by car (folios 90-92 );report from 1938 entitled 'Policy in the Event of Obduracy on the Part of Shaikhs or of Competition by other Companies' (folios 219-221);report from 1938 entitled 'Possible Modifications of the Political Agreement or Exclusion of the Shaikhs' Co-operation Thereafter' (folios 222-224);1938 Petroleum Department briefing prepared for the Foreign Office, 'Note on Petroleum Developments in the Arabian Peninsula' (folios 240-242);a map of the routes along the Trucial Coast that were followed by geologists 'Williamson & Glynn Jones' in 1937 (folio 277).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 344; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-341; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled (except for a few circled numbers which have been crossed out).
15. 'Précis of Mekran Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is a précis of affairs relating to Makrān (spelt Mekran throughout) coast in the south of Sindh and Baluchistan. It was prepared by Judge Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1905 by the Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, in Calcutta.The volume includes a preface (folio 4) and list of contents (folios 5-6). The volume is divided into chapters and sections as follows:Chapter 1: Our early connection with Mekran: (I) Jask, our port of trade with Persia from 1615 to 1622, (II) Captain Grant's mission to Mekran, 1809;Chapter 2: Telegraph and Mekran: Persian pretensions: (I) Reverend Mr Badger's reports, 1861, (II) Proposed negotiations with Persia and Mekran Chiefs: completion of the telegraph, (III) Proposed lease or purchase of Gwadur [Gwādar], (IV) Obstruction of the Persian Governor to the progress of the telegraph line - claims of Persia to Gwadur and Charbar [Chābahār], (V) Colonel Goldsmid's report of December 1863 in regard to Persian claims in Mekran, (VI) Colonel Goldsmid's first report of 1864, (VII) Colonel Goldsmid's second report of 1864, (VIII) Colonel Goldsmid's third report of 1864;Chapter 3: Agreements with Maskat in regard to telegraphic extension to Bunder Abbas [Bandar ‘Abbās] 1864-65. Colonel Pelly's report on the country from Bunder Abbas to Jask [Jāsk];Chapter 4: Negotiations with Persia for telegraphic extension westward from Gwadur, 1865-68. Telegraphic Convention of 1868.Chapter 5: Captain Ross's reports about Mekran, 1867-68;Chapter 6: Arrangements with local Chiefs as regards the telegraph undersettled state of the country;Chapter 7: Perso-Baluchistan boundary dispute settled by a Commision, 1870-72: (I) Persian agreement to demarcate the boundary line by a mixed Commission, 1870, (II) Proceedings of the Commissioners, (III) The Persian Government accepts the line sketched out by General Goldsmid;Chapter 8: Telegraph and Persian Baluchistan Chiefs. Internal Disturbances and changes, 1869-95: (I) The Persian Baluchistan Chiefs (including a genealogical table), (II) Disturbances at Jask, 1873, (III) Relations between the various Chiefs, 1883, (IV) Thefts of the telegraph lines in Geh territory, 1883, (V) Certain changes in Chiefs in 1883-84. Death of Sartip Ibrahim Khan [Sartīp Ibrāhīm Khān], 1883-84, (VI) Abul Fath Khan [‘Abd al-Fatḥ Khān], Governor of Bampur [Bampūr], 1886-89, (VII) Rising in Persian Baluchistan, 1889, (VIII) Arrest of several Baluchi Chiefs, 1891, (IX) Internal Affairs from 1891 to 1895. Death of Mir Abdul Nabi [Mīr ‘Abd al-Nabī] of Jask, 1894;Chapter 9: Jask Telegraph Station: (I) The detachment of Jask, (II) British control and jurisdiction within the station, 1869, (III) Interference of Persian officials within Jask station limits. Removal of the detachment and agreement about Jask station, 1886-87, (IV) Alleged Persian interference within the Jask station, 1889;Chapter 10: Protection of British subjects in Persian Baluchistan: (I) Plunder of British Indians by Sardar Hossein Khan [Sardār Ḥusayn Khān], appointed Governor of Charbar and Dashtyari [Dashtyārī] in place of Din Mahomed [Dīn Muḥammad], (II) Murder of a British Indian subject at Baku, 1882, (III) Plunder of Hindu traders of Dizzak and Geh, 1884, (IV) Seizure at Charbar of Doshambi, sailor of a British Indian vessel. Arrangements for his release, (V) Dharmu Mulchand's case, 1889-89;Chapter 11: Rising of Baluchi Chiefs. Anarchy in Persian Mekran. Murder of Mr Graves. British detachments stationed at Jask and Charbar. British policy, 1897-98: (I) Rising of Baluchi tribes, (II) Murder of Mr Graves and measures taken to trace and punish the murderers, December 1897 - January 1898, (III) Detachment sent to Jask and Charbar, January 1898, (IV) Unauthorised action of Commander Baker of the Sphinx in landing a force at Gulag and proceeding with it to Rapch, February 1898, (V) Operations against the insurgent and punishment of the murderers, (VI) Indemnity of the murder of Mr Graves, (VII) Rewards to Persian officers for services rendered in Mr Graves's murder case, 1898-99;Chapter 12: Changes in payment of telegraph subsidy. Settlement of outstanding claims of the British Indian subjects against Perso-Baluch Chiefs. Arrest of the remaining two murderers of Mr Graves. Detachment at Jask and Charbar. Deaths of several Chiefs, 1899.Chapter 13: State of the districts through which the telegraph line passes from Gwettur to Jask, 1909-04;Chapter 14: Gwadur and Charbar affairs: (I) Early history of Gwadur and Charbar, (II) Azan bin Ghias [‘Azzān bin Qays]'s attempts to take Gwadur and Charbar, 1869-70, (III) Seyyid Turki [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]'s rights to Charbar, (IV) Persian pretensions to Gwadur and Charbar. Demarcation of boundary line between Khelat [Kelāt] and Persia. Capture of Charbar by the Persians, (V) Question of rendition of Gwadur to the Khan of Khelat, (VI) Reported intention of the Russian Government to place an agent in charge of the Customs at Gwadur;Chapter 14: British Political Agency in Mekran.There is one appendix on folio 63, which is a report by Edward Charles Ross, Assistant Political Agent at Muscat and Khelat, dated 31 January 1886, entitled 'Report on the nature of the Trade at Gwadur and the probably amount of its Revenues'. This relates to Chapter 5 where the report is discussed.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
16. Vol 210: 1856/57 Persia; General and Miscellaneous
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains letters inwards and letters outwards from the Residency in the Persian Gulf, based at Bushire; the incumbent Resident is James Felix Jones. The subject matter of the correspondence concerns affairs in Persia; a proposed telegraph extension from India to Constantinople via the Persian Gulf; accounting issues respecting the provision of fuel for steamers at Bushire; and the temporary transfer of the Residency from the town of Bushire to the harbour.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates on the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: An original incomplete pagination sequence written in ink is also present.
17. PZ 2540/40 'Censorship: connivance at use of cypher in messages to and from Ibn Saud and the two Amirs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains two telegrams about the use of cypher in messages between Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Political Resident, Bushire.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
18. Coll 1/59 'Aden. Lease of the Perim Coal Company at Perim: future of Perim and provision of a wireless set'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers regarding the operation of certain businesses on Perim, negotiations for their withdrawal from the island, and arrangements for the Government of India to assume responsibility for maintaining essential services previously provided by the companies.The papers primarily concern the position of the Perim Coal Company - a subsidiary of Lambert Brothers Ltd. - and consist of correspondence regarding: the lease held by the company (copy at ff 445-54); their financial circumstances, and reasons for ceasing operations on Perim; arrangements for early termination of the lease through a deed of surrender (copy at ff 123-25); and the proposed sale of a water condensing plant and accessories to the Government of India.Throughout their period of operation on the island the company provided certain essential services: a company employee acted as Government Agent on the island, and they also provided sanitation and medical services; the supply of water, ice and electricity; and oversaw the lighting and buoying of the harbour. Arrangements for the assumption of these duties by the Government of India and Aden authorities are also discussed in the correspondence.The correspondence also concerns other businesses operating on Perim, namely the Asiatic Petroleum Company, the Lloyd's signal station, the Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd., and the Eastern Telegraph Company (owned by Cable and Wireless PLC). The file contains correspondence with Cable and Wireless and minutes of the Imperial Communications Advisory Committee, regarding: the temporary provision of telegraph services until an alternative wireless set is provided for the island; and the continued maintenance of the company's cable tank depot, used for cable repair operations throughout the region.A map of the island, showing the location of buildings leased by the companies, can be found at folio 446.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folios 1-2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 456; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
19. Coll 28/27 ‘Persia. Relations with H.M.G. Delay + mutilation of telms for Tehran Legation. Suggested alternative arrangements.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence exchanged between the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter; George William Rendel), and the British Legetation at Tehran (Raymond Cecil Parr), concerning the desire to retain a British telegraphist at Tehran after the withdrawal of the Indo-European Telegraph Department from Persia [Iran], in order to maintain a high degree of accuracy in telegrams sent from Tehran and London via Bushire. An alternative option discussed in the papers is the transmission of confidential correspondence between Bushire and Tehran by air mail, using the Junkers Air Service.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 30; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
20. File 1408/1904 Pt 1 ‘Persian Gulf: Henjam affairs. Status of Henjam (Persian sovereignty). Persian Customs post. Henjam Telegraph Station dispute’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises copies of correspondence, papers and maps relating to the British Government’s telegraph station and the Persian Government’s customs house on the island of Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], questions of Persian sovereignty over the island, and the status of the island’s Arab inhabitants. The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Percy Zachariah Cox); the British Ambassador (or Chargé d’Affaires) at Tehran (Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge; Sir Evelyn Mountstuart Grant Duff); the Assistant Resident and British Consul at Bandar-e ʻAbbās (Lieutenant William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the Senior Naval Officer of the Persian Gulf Division, also Commanding Officer of HMS Fox(Captain John Bridges Eustace).A large portion of the correspondence concerns British officials’ reaction to the Persian Government’s construction of a customs house on Henjam (itself a response to the British Government’s revival of their telegraph office on the island):British officials’ proposals to send Indian troops to keep the peace on the island (ff 221-225);a report of a visit to Henjam by Cox and Shakespear, June 1905, with an accompanying map of the island (ff 189-193, f 200);fresh water supplies at Henjam, and discussion amongst British officials over whether the Persians should be refused access to the island’s water supply;copies of correspondence and a tracing of a sketch, dated 1868, relating to the original agreement between the Persian and British Governments for a telegraph cable and station at Angaum [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], enclosed as part of an attempt to establish the extent of the original telegraph concession on the island, covering the years 1868 to 1880 (ff 133-136);use of flagstaffs on the island, specifically Persian flagstaffs as a statement of sovereignty, and the proposal for a British flagstaff as part of a Lloyd’s Signal Station;negotiations between the British Government and Persian Government (represented by Mushir-ed-Dowleh) on the acknowledgement and extent of a British concession at Henjam;correspondence and reports relating to a survey undertaken by the Royal Navy (HMS Fox) of the northern tip of Henjam in April 1906, in order to ascertain the extent and boundary of the area required for the British telegraph office concession (ff 2-16).The file also covers the status of Henjam’s Arab inhabitants, including:claims made by Shaikh Ahmed bin Abeid of Henjam to be under the protection of Shaikh Mookhdoom [Shaikh Maktūm bin Hashar Āl Maktūm] of Dubai, and to have been settled on the islands by ancestors of the Sultan of Maskat [Muscat] (f 233, f 138, f 92);British officials’ procrastination in confirming their acceptance of Persian sovereignty over Henjam to the island’s Arab inhabitants, amid concerns of potentially violent confrontations between Henjam’s Persians and Arabs once Britain’s acceptance of Persian sovereignty is confirmed (f 124, ff 110-112);proposals made by Cox to resettle the Arabs of Henjam at Basidu [Bāsa‘īdū], rejected by Government officials (ff 99-103).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 252; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
21. File 1408/1904 Pt 2 ‘Persian Gulf: telegraphs. Henjam-Bunder Abbas-cable’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises notes, memoranda, copies of correspondence and other papers, relating to an agreement reached between the British and Persian Governments for the construction of a telegraph cable line between the telegraph station at Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām] and Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās], and a subsequent dispute between the British and Persian Governments over the location of the telegraph office in Bunder Abbas. The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Percy Zachariah Cox); the British Ambassador (or Chargé d’Affaires) at Tehran (Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge; Sir Evelyn Mountstuart Grant Duff); the Assistant Resident and British Consul at Bandar-e ʻAbbās (Lieutenant William Henry Irvine Shakespear).The volume’s papers include:proposals, set out by British officials, for a telegraph cable running between Henjam and Bunder Abbas, chiefly for the benefit of the Indian merchant community at the latter place;papers detailing negotiations between British and Persian officials through 1905 concerning the construction of the telegraph cable from Henjam to Bunder Abbas, and the construction and operation of a telegraph office at Bundar Abbas. Much of the discussion centres on the running and costs of the telegraph office at Bundar Abbas, in response to the Persian Government’s insistence that they run the office, and the British Government’s insistence that only Persians be employed in the office (in order to prevent the appointment of Russian telegraphists). A printed copy of the agreement for the construction of the telegraph line from Henjam to Bunder Abbas, dated 13 May 1905, is included in the volume (f 149);copies of telegrams and other papers dated 1906, documenting the construction of telegraph facilities at Bunder Abbas, including British intentions to run the cable via their consular buildings, Persian objection to the proposals, and the protracted dispute over the location of the telegraph office that ensued;correspondence dated 1909, including a letter from Sir George Head Barclay at the British Embassy in Tehran, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey, dated 8 March 1909, confirming that the dispute between the British and Persian authorities over the location of a telegraph office at Bunder Abbas has been resolved (ff 20-21).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 237; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 130-143; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
22. File 2976/1916 Pt 1-2 'Persia: Bunder Abbas Kerman Telegraph and Road'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of two parts: Part 1 and Part 2 both contain papers relating to the construction of a telegraph line and road from Bandar Abbas (or Bunder Abbas or Bander Abbas) [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] to Kerman in Persia [Iran]; Part 2 also includes some papers relating to the development of roads and railways in Persia, including the Bushire to Shiraz road.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 376; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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