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25. Coll 30/100 'Bahrain. (Persian claim to,): Geneva Arms Traffic Convention of 1925:- Reservation of the United States Senate to its ratification'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the attaching of a reservation by the United States Senate to its ratification of the Geneva Arms Traffic Convention of 1925 [the Geneva Protocol]. The reservation stated that adherence to the treaty should not be construed as denying any right of sovereignty of the Government of Persia to the Persian Gulf and its waters. The reservation had serious diplomatic implications for the British Government in view of Persia's claim to Bahrain. The file contains correspondence between the Foreign Office and the British Embassy, Washington, recording British objections to the reservation, the response of the US Government, and the reasons for the attaching of the reservation. The Geneva Arms Traffic Convention was eventually ratified by the United States Senate (without the reservation) in March 1935.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 71; these numbers are printed, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
26. Coll 30/186 'Oil: Koweit Territorial Waters. Jurisdiction over the sub-soil beneath the sea. Off-Shore Oil in the Persian Gulf.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the interest of the Kuwait Oil Company in exploring for submarine oil deposits beyond the limits of Kuwait's territorial waters, and the issue of territorial waters in the Persian Gulf generally, in the light of the United States Government's proclamation of 1945 concerning the continental shelf [the Truman Proclamation].The papers include: a request from the Kuwait Oil Company to the India Office for a ruling by the British Government on the extent of Kuwait territorial waters, and proposals that the company should acquire an oil concession beyond Kuwait's territorial waters, 1939; India Office minutes, and comments by the Admiralty, Petroleum Department, and Foreign Office concerning the issue, 1940; related maps; the decision that the issue should be left until the end of the war [the Second World War], 1940; copies of the proclamation issued by United States President Harry S Truman on 28 September 1945, stating that the resources on the continental shelf contiguous to the United States belonged to the United States [the Truman Proclamation] (e.g. folios 313-314); correspondence and memoranda from the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Ministry of Fuel and Power, the Government of India, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Colonial Office, and minutes of interdepartmental meetings, discussing the effect of the continental shelf policy on British territories, 1945-48; the specific implications of the continental shelf policy to the Persian Gulf (for instance in the light of the Iranian claim to Bahrain); related maps; and a further expression of interest from the Kuwait Oil Company in obtaining marine oil rights beyond Kuwait territorial waters, October 1947.There are no papers in the file dated 1941-44.The Arabic language content of the file consists of a single letter from the Political Agent, Kuwait (with English translation), dated 1947.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 367; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
27. Coll 30/87(2) Part II 'Qatar: Oil Concession - P.C.L.'s Operations.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the operations of Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) (and its subsidiary Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited) in Qatar. Of particular importance in the file is the issue of the division of the sea bed for drilling operations between PCL's concession, and that of the Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited (BAPCO) in Bahrain.The file contains discussion of the issue by the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Ministry of Fuel and Power, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Political Agent, Bahrain.The papers cover: the resumption of drilling operations in Qatar after their suspension during the Second World War; payment of royalties; the Hawar Islands; the granting of permission to use wireless sets; the response of British officials to a United States Government request to PCL for information on petroleum resources in Qatar and the Trucial Coast, October-November 1946; aerial surveys of the Bahrain-Qatar Unallotted Area; the application of US President Harry S Truman's continental shelf doctrine to the issue (e.g. folios 141, 110); maps of the area; Admiralty comments on the need for all parties to be aware that the sea bed only was concerned, and that the waters above, and free navigation, were in no way affected (folio 46); correspondence from the oil companies involved; and the reactions of local rulers to the negotiations.The file also contains five maps.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 296; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. Foliation anomaly: 268a.
28. Coll 30/95 'Persian regulations governing visits of foreign warships to Persian ports.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns regulations issued by the Government of Iran (generally referred to in the papers as Persia) governing the passage of foreign warships through Iranian territorial waters, and visits by foreign warships to Iranian ports.The papers include reports from HM Minister, Tehran; the Iranian desire for control over their territorial waters; official discussion of the effect on Royal Navy ships; correspondence from the Admiralty; the question of the scale of gun salutes prescribed by Iranian regulations for foreign warships visiting Iranian ports; the question of the method of notification to be given by Royal Navy ships of their arrival in Iranian ports; the right of 'innocent passage' for warships through territorial waters (paper by the Foreign Office, folios 139-143); British agreement to allow Iranian warships to visit Bombay for repairs, and the desire of the British for a reciprocal attitude from Iran on the question of notification (1936); agreement reached on the arrangements (folio 27); and papers dated 1946 concerning protests in the Iranian press over the alleged presence of two Royal Navy warships in Iranian territorial waters.The papers include some correspondence from the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.There are no papers in the file dated 1937-45.The French content of the file consists of a single quoted passage on folio 142.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one (ff 1-119) and terminates at the inside back cover of part two (ff 120-236); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-235; these numbers are printed.
29. Coll 6/54 'Saudi-Arabia: Limits of Saudi Arabian territorial waters.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the delimitation of Saudi Arabia's territorial waters. It documents reservations held by the British regarding the Saudi Government's claim that its territorial waters extend as far as four miles from the shore (as opposed to the three-mile limit favoured by the British). The file largely consists of correspondence regarding this issue, and features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill, succeeded by Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Saudi Minister for Foreign Affairs [Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd]; officials of the Foreign Office, the Admiralty, and the Board of Trade's Mercantile Marine Department.Also discussed are Saudi Government regulations on coastguard administration, which concern fishing and shipping rights, measures taken to prevent smuggling, harbour duties, marine patrol, and land patrol. A copy of a translation of these regulations is included in the file (folios 16-41).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
30. File 619/1907 Pt 6 'Arms traffic:- Persian Gulf - Searching of vessels in territorial waters of Trucial Chiefs. Position of Katr [Qatar].'
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence, which is primarily between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Cox), the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India (Spencer Harcourt Butler), the Naval Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station (Edmond John Warre Slade), and representatives of the India Office and the Foreign Office, discusses efforts to cease the trafficking of arms in the Persian Gulf.Two matters in particular are discussed:the rights of British vessels to search other vessels within the territorial waters of the Trucial Chiefs. Questions discussed include whether the Trucial Chiefs' commitment to end illegal arms trafficking in 1902 extended to the British Government, and whether the existing permissions given by Trucial Chiefs to the British Government to patrol territorial waters would permit them to stop and search vessels;The position of Katr [Qatar] and a possible agreement between the British Government and the Chiefs of Katr, particularly the Bin Thani [Āl Thānī] family, to make the trafficking of arms illegal in Katr.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 231, and terminates at f 292, as part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. File 2830/1914 Pt 2 'Persian Gulf: Pearl Fisheries. Investigation into Alleged Depletion of Pearl Banks. Germans and the Industry. Concessions, etc.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns pearl fishing in the Persian Gulf; in particular attempted incursions into the trade by the French, Germans, and others; the political and economic interests of the British in pearl fishing; investigations into reports of the depletion of the pearl fishing banks in the Gulf; and proposals to use modern diving apparatus.The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); the Political Agent, Bahrain; and senior officials of the Government of India, the India Office, the Foreign Office, and the Board of Trade.The papers cover: Report on the Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, published 1902 (including extracts of documents from the 1850s onwards), which includes references to the presence of Arab divers at the Ceylon fisheries (folios 247-281); the presence of two French businessmen in Bahrein [Bahrain], and the question of whether European enterprise could be excluded from the pearl fishing industry on the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, March 1904 (folios 212-246); the opinion of the Law Officers' Department that the tribes of the Arabian coast had a right to the exclusive use of the pearl fisheries within a three-mile limit, and any other waters that might justly be considered territorial, February 1905 (folios 203-211); German attempts to gain control over the pearl industry in the Persian Gulf, including the importance attached by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Cox) to the operations of Gray, Paul & Company, March 1905 - January 1908 (folios 177-202); the Government of India in favour of direct intervention to secure a British monopoly, June-August 1908 (folios 170-176); enquiries into the pearl fishing industry by Dr Gustav Josef Eduard Levien of Hamburg, April-May 1910 (folios 150-169); papers concerning the alleged depletion of the pearl banks, December 1910 - May 1911 (folios 106-149); further French interest in the pearl fisheries, February-May 1911 (folios 82-105, 66-69); official encouragement for British firms to enter the pearl trade, March-May 1911 (folios 69-81); a proposed investigation into depletion of the pearl banks by James Hornell of the Madras Fisheries Department, June-September 1911 (folios 56-65), and the investigation postponed, February 1912 (folios 42-53); assurances by the rulers of the Arab littoral states that they would not grant concessions to countries other than Britain, November 1911 (folios 54-55), and the texts of the rulers' replies, July-August 1911 (folios 32-41); papers concerning an application to use modern, 'scientific' diving apparatus in the Gulf by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab Mishari, a director of the Arab Steamship Company in Bombay, and a rumour (denied) of similar interest from the Sultan of Oman, April-November 1912 (folios 11-31); copies of official correspondence from 1857 showing that British officials thought that British subjects did not have any right to fish for pearls on the fishing grounds of the maritime tribes in the Persian Gulf, March 1913 (folios 5-6); and American (United States) interest in scientific aspects of the pearl industry in Bahrain, June 1914 (folios 2-4).The volume includes two Admiralty charts illustrating the pearl fisheries of the Persian Gulf, on folio 238 (= IOR/W/L/PS/10/457 (i) and IOR/L/PS/10/457 (ii)), and a map accompanying the report on the Ceylon Pearl Fisheries (folio 278).The French language content of the file is confined to a single letter (folio 91).The date range gives the covering dates of the main run of papers (which include extracts of documents from the 1850s onwards), and any other additions to the volume; the Secret Department minute papers enclosing groups of papers are dated 1904-1914.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 281; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
32. File 3136/1914 Pt 1 ‘German War. Situation in Turkish Arabia & Persian Gulf’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers concerning diplomatic tensions between the British and Ottoman Governments at the outset of the First World War, including social unrest and military/naval movements in Baghdad, Basra, and the Shatt al-Arab. The volume’s papers were produced prior to the Ottoman Ruler Sultan Mehmed V’s declaration of war on Britain, France and Russia on 11 November 1914. The papers cover:The activities of Seyyid Talib [Saiyid Talib ibn Saiyid Rajab], former Governor (Wali) of Basra, in June 1914, including his attack on Basra and occupation of Zobeir [Zubayr].Reports of growing anti-British sentiment at Basra and Baghdad, and proposals to evacuate British women and children from the area in the event of war with Ottoman Turkey.Diplomatic exchanges between the British and Ottoman Governments, over the presence of British vessels (in particular HMS Odin) in the Shatt al-Arab, and in international waters off the coast of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr].Interruptions to British steamship services at Basra and Baghdad, particularly those of the Euphrates & Tigris Steam Navigation Company, as a result of Ottoman actions that include the requisitioning of coal at Basra.British officials’ concerns over the status of Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s operations at Abadan, including the reluctance of vessels to travel up to the head of the Persian Gulf to Abadan, and the British Government’s assurances that vessels travelling to Abadan and Mohammerah would be covered by War Insurance.British officials’ concerns over rumours that the Ottoman Navy plans to mine the Shatt al-Arab.The file’s principal correspondents include: the India Office (John Evelyn Shuckburgh; Edmund George Barrow; Arthur Hirtzel); the Foreign Office (Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe; Louis du Pan Mallet); the Viceroy of India (Charles Hardinge); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Stuart George Knox).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 330; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the leading flyleaf and ending flyleaf, have not been foliated.
33. File 13/7 'Japanese Trawlers for the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding measures under consideration by the British government for preventing encroachments by Japanese and other foreign vessels on Arab pearl fisheries in the Persian Gulf.The correspondence is between: J P Gibson of the India Office, and T V Brennan and Lacy Baggallay of the Foreign Office; and Gibson and the Office of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. The file also includes a copy of a letter from Sir Trenchard Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Secretary to the Government of India, External Affairs Department, Simla.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 19; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-18; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
34. File 4480/1923 Pt 1 ‘Persian Gulf: Ownership of the Shatt-el-Arab’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers relating to the right of navigation in the Shatt-el-Arab (also referred to as the Shatt-al-Arab).It includes correspondence relating to the following: the alignment of the Perso-Iraq frontier at the mouth of the Shatt-al-Arab; the right of Persian [Iranian] vessels to navigate the Shatt-al-Arab and to anchor in Iraq waters; the proposal that the Shatt-al-Arab should be treated as an international waterway, and that an international commission should be appointed to look after it; the proposed establishment of a Conservancy Board to control the navigation in the Shatt-al-Arab, and the proposal that the Conservancy Board should also be charged with the superintendence of lighting and buoying throughout the Persian Gulf.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Foreign Office; Sir Robert Henry Clive, HM Minister, Tehran; the Admiralty; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Colonial Office; the Air Council (Air Ministry); and the Government of India Foreign and Political Department.The volume includes correspondence in French between Sir R H Clive and Mirza Abdul Hussein Khan Taimourtache (also spelled Teymourtache in the file) [Abdolhossein Teymūrtāsh], Minister of Court, Persia, dated 19 April 1928 (folios 353-354) and 26 July 1930 (folio 31).The volume includes a map and three charts of the Shatt al-Arab [IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 131; IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 163; IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 262; and IOR/L/PS/10/1098, f 263].The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 357; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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