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109. 'Muscat. Suppression of the Slave Trade in the dominions of the Imam of.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, consultations, and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2235/112011. It is the second in a series of five items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns a request from the Government of Bombay for Captain Sir Robert Oliver, Superintendent of the Indian Navy, to produce instructions for commanders of East India Company ships for putting into effect the agreement made between the British Government and the Imam of Muscat for the ending of the export of enslaved people from the African dominions of the Imam. It includes:A copy of the agreement, made between the British Government and the Imam of Muscat on 2 October 1845A copy of the instructions produced by Captain OliverCopies of the forms to be completed by commanders of East India Company ships following the seizure of vessels under the above agreementCopies of forms issued by the Admiralty for commanders of Royal Navy ships, for the same purpose.The item also contains a letter from Captain Atkins Hamerton, Her Majesty’s Consul and Honourable Company’s Agent in the Dominions of His Highness the Imam of Muscat, which relates to the above subjects.The item contains a table of contents (ff 150-151), and the title page (f 149) contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft N. 294/48’, ‘Vol: 2’, ‘Collection No. 1 of No. 128’, and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 149 and terminates at f 170, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
110. ‘Muscat. Treaty entered into by Captn Moresby with His Highness the Imaum regarding the apprehension of British subjects engaged in the Slave Trade. Vol: 5’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; and the Government of India. It is the fifth in a series of nine items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2087/96920, IOR/F/4/2087/96921, IOR/F/4/2087/96922, IOR/F/4/2087/96923, IOR/F/4/2087/96925, IOR/F/4/2087/96926, IOR/F/4/2087/96927, and IOR/F/4/2087/96928).The item concerns the Arabic version of article 4 of the Moresby Treaty, which, unlike the English copy, does not mention the obligation of the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to assist in seizing British subjects engaged in the trade in enslaved people.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 290/45, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4760’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 895 and terminates at f 900, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
111. 'Muscat: Proposed Tariff Treaty'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to the drafting of the Muscat Tariff treaty. Letters discuss the raising of duty on French and American goods beyond a rate of five per cent which had been limited by Article 3 of the 1833 Treaty between Muscat and the United States of America, and by Article 10 of the 1844 Treaty between Muscat and France. Topics covered include: the proposed revision of the American treaty of 1833; proposed revision of the British Treaty of 1891; proposed revision of French treaty of 1844; flying of the French flag by Sur dhows; and the Commercial Treaty with the Netherlands 1877. The file also contains the draft treaty articles; discussion of zakatand exports; measures to meet the deficits.Correspondents include Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Agent, Muscat; Political Resident Persian Gulf; George William Rendell, Foreign Office, London; Ronald Ian Campell, British Embassy, Washington; Joseph P Cotton, Under Secretary, Department of State, Washington; Council of Ministers, Muscat; Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal], Sultan of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B and 1C; 93 and 93A; 109 and 109A; 117 and 117A; 120 and 120A; 121 and 121A; 124 and 124A; 178 and 178A; 182 and 182A; 191 and 191A; 195 and 195A; 199 and 199A; 221 and 221A. Foliation omissions: 24-26; 152-153.
112. 'Muscat: 1908-1928'
- Description:
- Abstract: Document outlining the administration and history of Muscat from 1908-28. Covering:administration – Sultan of Oman succession history; treaty relations; internal administration by Council of Ministers; role of the Political Agent, Muscat; and the responsibility for expenditure;1908 to 4 October 1913: Sultan Faisal – the successful suppression of arms traffic from Muscat;internal history of Muscat from the accession of Sultan Taimur, 4 October 1913 to 1928 – conditions for recognition of Sayid Taimur as ruler by His Majesty's Government; inefficiency of internal administration; proposals by the Political Agent for active interference in internal affairs by the Government of India and His Majesty's Government; the programme of reform accepted by the Sultan as condition of a loan; the results of the reform and loan; negotiations with Omani tribes; financial situation and the decision to employ a British Financial Advisor;relations between the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and the Ibadhi Tribes of Oman – the Oman Rebellion, 1913-21;foreign relations of Muscat, 1908-28 – treaty relations with France; relations with the United States of America, Dutch Government, Germany, Persia, and Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd];miscellaneous questions – the Muscat Order in Council; proposal for the establishment of a British Naval Base in the Musandim [Musandam] Peninsula; cession of Gwadur; oil in Muscat.It also includes a summary, lists points referred to in connection with the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, and states the view expressed by the Government of India.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 40, and terminates at f 48, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
113. ‘Persian Gulf Treaty between Captain Bruce and the Prince of Shiraz Disavowed by the Governor of Bombay.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts from a Bombay [Mumbai] Political Consultation, 28 May 1845. The papers contained in this item are partial enclosures to a Political Letter sent from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 10 June 1845. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2122/100076, alongside details of further enclosures.The item relates to a request in 1845 by Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, Her Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Persia [Iran], to Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf (also called Resident at Bushire [Bushehr]), that certain papers be sent to him from the Residency. The papers Sheil is looking for are any Persian documents related to the Governor of Bombay's disavowal of the unauthorised treaty which Captain Bruce, then Resident at Bushire, entered into with the Prince of Shiraz in 1822. Hennell requests that the Persian and Arabic copies of the relevant documents held in the archives at Bombay should be forwarded to Sheil. Hennell also makes very brief reference to the different powers in control of Bahrein (also spelled Bahren [Bahrain]) between 1776 and 1845.The Persian Secretary in Bombay subsequently forwards copies of letters (in English) from 1822 written by Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay, explaining that Bruce was unauthorised in his actions and that the treaty should be considered null and void. These letters, similar in content, are addressed to the Imam of Muscat, the Shaikh of Bahrein, and Hoossein Allee Meerza, Prince of Shiraz [Ḥusayn ‘Alī Mirzā, Prince-Governor of Fars]. They also make brief reference to the removal of Company troops from the island of Kishun (also spelled Kishm [Qeshm]).Shiraz is also written as Sheeraz and Sheiraz. The Prince of Shiraz is also referred to as the Prince Regent of Fars.Correspondents include: Hennell; Sheil; the Persian Secretary; Elphinstone; and the Government of Bombay.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5061, Draft 29/46, Coll[ection]: 23, Vol: 6’, 'Collection No. 5 of No. 62' and ‘Examiner's Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 478, and terminates at f 489, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
114. 'Muscat Tariff Treaty'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to negotiations over revisions in the tariff questions relating to the proposed tariff treaty with Muscat. Includes correspondence relating to negotiations with France, United States, Irish Free State and Canada, as well as, letters in Arabic with translations in English from Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal], Sultan of Muscat, giving full powers in representing him in the negotiations.Correspondents include Taimur bin Faisal, Sultan of Muscat; Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Major Ralph Ponsonby Watts, Political Agent Muscat; Major Claude Edward U Bremner, Political Agent Muscat; John Charles Walton, India Office, Whitehall. A. Wiseman, Dominions Office, London; Maurice J Clauson, India Office, London; Henry Lewis Stimson, Secretary of State of the United States, Washington.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation/pagination sequence briefly runs between ff 207-211A; these numbers are written in blue crayon, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. Circled index numbers written in red crayon can also be found throughout the volume. Foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E; 9 and 9A; 10 and 10A; 15 and 15A; 23 and 23A; 41 and 41A; 68 and 68A; 177 and 177A, 211 and 211A Foliation omissions: 25
115. 'Treaty of Peace with Turkey. Signed at Sévres, August 10, 1920. [With Maps.]'
- Description:
- Abstract: A treaty of peace signed by the members of the League of Nations and Turkey.The treaty is divided into a preamble followed by 13 parts. Part 1 constitutes the Covenant of the League of Nations; further parts are entitled:'Frontiers of Turkey'.'Political Clauses'.'Protection of Minorities'.'Military, Naval and Air Clauses'.'Prisoners of War and Graves'.'Penalties', 'Financial Clauses'.'Economic Clauses'.'Aerial Navigation'.'Ports, Waterways and Railways'.'Labour'.'Miscellaneous Provisions'.3 maps are located at the back (f 62), and the whole is contained within the original front and back covers (f 11 and f 63).Published under the title Treaty Series No 11 (1920), Cmd. 964.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at folio 11 and terminates at folio 63, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 11-62; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are circled and crossed through.
116. 'Muscat Treaty'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to negotiation of Muscat Treaty in 1938. The Muscat Commercial Treaty 1891 had been renewed every year but in 1938 Sultan Said bin Taimur stated that he was not prepared to renew it further. Correspondence relates to the negotiations over a new treaty, the clauses and their wordings.Discussions in the correspondence included:Issue of appointment of Consular Officers to inland towns.Whether the treaty could be translated into classical or modern Arabic.Jurisdiction of nationals other than those defined in the 1891 treaty.Customs duties.Importation of items such as alcoholic liquors and tobacco by His Majesty's Consul for his personal use.Arrangements for obtaining Sultan's signature in Muscat or Dhofar.Includes side-by-side Arabic and English translations of draft clauses as well as a copy of the Arabic and English text proposed for the treaty. The final treaty was composed of 23 articles covering: nationals; aircraft; internal duties and taxes; prohibitions on imports; appointment of Consuls; assistance of vessels in distress; freedom of conscience and religious toleration; procedures for termination of the treaty; the equivalence of the Arabic and English version of the text of the treaty but where dispute English text was considered decisive; length of treaty. Also includes a confidential letter relating to Article 15. Correspondents include: Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr], Sultan of Muscat; Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Rutherford Berriman Tippetts, Board of Trade, London; India Office, Whitehall, London; Political Agent, Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: the system of foliation in use is the sequence of numbers written in pencil in the top right hand corner of each folio.
117. 'Précis of the Treaties and Engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Appendix containing précis of the treaties and engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf. It is broken down into the following sections:Koweit [Kuwait];Bahrein [Bahrain];El-Katr [Qatar];Trucial Coast;Oman (Muscat);treaties with other Powers;summary – listing points common to the engagements;communication of treaties – to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in 1927, and to the Persian Government.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 68, and terminates at f 70, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
118. ‘File 5/6 I Brussels Conference and general rules and procedure on slave traffic’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence related to the distribution of the text of the General Act of the Brussels Conference of 1890 throughout the Persian Gulf region. The English version of the Act is on folios 32-37. William Lee-Warner, Secretary to the Government of India in Bombay, sent Adelbert Talbot (Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, 1891-93) 100 copies of the Act in Persian (folios 5-19), and 100 in Arabic, for distribution to the Political Agencies on the Persian and Arab coasts of the Gulf respectively. Talbot sent 25 copies of the Persian translation of the Act to his Political Agent in Bandar-e Lengeh, and a further 25 copies to the Agent of the British India Steam Navigation Co. (Gray Paul & Co.) at Bandar-e Abbas. The Governor of Turkish Arabistan, Nizam-es-Sultaneh was critical of the distributed Persian translation of the Act, which had been produced under the authority of British Government staff in Bombay. In response Talbot commissioned and distributed a new translation (folios 73-88), produced under his authority at the Political Residency in Bushire.Physical description: Foliation: The volume has been foliated with small circled numbers in the top right corner of each front-facing page. The front cover has been foliated 1, then there are two unfoliated pages, before foliation restarts at 2 on the title sheet. After the title sheet and contents page (folio 4) there are a further three unfoliated blank pages before foliation restarts on the first piece of correspondence.). Folio 100 is missing.
119. ‘File 5/65 I Question of disposal of emancipated slaves and proposal to check traffic between Muscat, Oman ports and Zanzibar’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between Government of India officials and the Political Resident of the Persian Gulf, on the question of the disposal or repatriation of slaves manumitted in the Gulf region, in response to concerns from the Government of Bombay over the potential social consequences of settling further Africans in the city (folio 5). British government officials in London and India discussed the practicalities of sending freed slaves to Britain’s possessions in East Africa, where freed slaves could be employed in the region’s agricultural plantations (folio 13 onwards).In December 1897 Captain Hugh Daly, Deputy Secretary to the Government of India, wrote to the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Malcome Meade), requesting him to liaise with Her Majesty’s acting Consul-General at Zanzibar, Basil Cave, to arrange for the dispatch of freed African slaves to be repatriated at Zanzibar (folio 23). A batch of correspondence from 1899/1900 documents the arrangements made by the Political Resident (then Major Percy Cox) to send eleven liberated slaves to Zanzibar. Particular attention is paid to keeping the cost of the freed slaves’ passage back to Africa to a minimum.The remainder of the file covers the period 1897 to 1905, and deals with specific cases of emancipated slaves being dispatched to Zanzibar, either from the Political Residency in Bushire or the Political Agency in Muscat. This includes a report written by the Political Resident (Major Charles Kemball) in Nov 1902 outlining the numbers of slaves transported over a two year period (1900-1902) from Muscat to Zanzibar, including method and cost of transport (folio 82).Physical description: Foliation: The volume has been foliated with a small circled number in the top-right corner of each front-facing page, beginning with the front cover and running to the last folio.
120. ‘File 5/74 Practice attributed to British authorities of surrendering fugitive slaves’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence exchanged between the Political Resident in Bushire (Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm J. Meade) and his assistant (John Gaskin), the Political Agent Muscat (Major Christopher Fagan, and from October 1899 Major Percy Cox), and staff of the Government of India. Correspondence begins with an enquiry from the India Office in London to the Government of India, in response to a letter sent to The Timesnewspaper by the Anti-Slavery Society, relating to British authorities’ procedure in surrendering fugitive slaves in Aden and Muscat.The Political Resident and Political Agent Muscat discussed the procedure of assessing and granting manumission. The assistant secretary to the Government of India enquired into the possibility of applying the current practice of manumission at Muscat to the Persian Gulf generally. Internal Residency memorandums between Meade and Gaskin, noted that such measures would further intensify hostile feelings on the part of the Arab shaikhs to the British Government, and it was noted that the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi was seeking closer links with the French Consul at Muscat (folios 17-18). The memorandums also explore the merits of making the children of slaves legally free, but this measure was rejected on the grounds that it would be too expensive to administer.In office notes from early 1899, Fagan described in detail the manumission procedure there, including the Sultan’s role in the process (folios 29-30). It was noted (folios 24) that slaves seeking refuge in Muscat tended to be manumitted, irrespective of whether their case merited manumission according to the Treaty signed with the Sultan of Muscat. In 1899 Meade embarked on a tour of the Arab shaikhdoms, in order to inform the Shaikhs of their obligations in relation to the suppression of the slave trade. The memorandum gives details of the tour made on HMS Lawrenceand the Meade’s meetings with the shaikhs of Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Ra's al-Khaymah and Umm al-Qaywayn, and their respective responses (folios 47-49).In a letter to the Political Resident of February 1900, Cox noted what he regarded as a lack of British Protection in current manumission certificates (folios 53-55). Enclosed with Cox's letter is a specimen manumission certificate issued by the Agency in Muscat (folio 56). Cox noted in his letter that the British Consul at Muscat issueds certificates in his own name, and not in the name of the British government.Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from front cover to inside back cover with pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each front-facing page.