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133. 'File 8/65 VIII RENEWAL of COMMERCIAL TREATY.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to the termination and proposed replacement of the 1939 Commercial Treaty between Great Britain and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, following the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] notice of termination of the existing treaty in February 1950.The file documents the prolongation of the existing treaty for a period of eight months, by an exchange of notes between the two parties, in order to allow time for the negotiation of a new treaty. Also covered are preparations for the drafting of a new treaty between the two parties (eventually concluded in December 1951 and ratified in May 1952).Related matters of discussion include the following: whether the Government of India should also exchange notes with the Sultan for the prolongation of the existing treaty; whether the Government of Pakistan should also be informed of the Sultan's wish to prolong the treaty; the question of whether the British consular authorities in Muscat should continue to exercise jurisdiction over residing Indian nationals for the extended period of the existing treaty.The file features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; officials of the Foreign Office.Also included in the file are the following items: copies of drafts of the new treaty (ff 11-17 and ff 36-42); drafts of a protocol to the new treaty, produced by the Foreign Office and concerning consular functions and privileges (ff 27-29 and ff 31-34); a copy of a non-ratified consular convention between Britain and the United States of America, dated 16 February 1949 (ff 45-54).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 124; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
134. 'File 8/27 RENEWAL of COMMERCIAL TREATIES.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume relates to the prolongation of the Commercial Treaty (1891) between Britain and Muscat (various spellings used throughout). The correspondence mostly concerns matters involving the replacement of the treaty, including, at certain points, discussion of proposed amendments and revisions. The original treaty was given a term of twelve years and was renewed at regular intervals afterwards, initially for several years at a time, and later on an annual basis. In 1937, at the request of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], the two parties entered into initial negotiations for the revision of the treaty.Notable correspondents include the following: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Secretary of State for India; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; officials of the Foreign Office, the Dominions Office, the India Office, and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department (later the External Affairs Department).In addition to correspondence the volume includes copies of declarations (in English and Arabic) extending the duration of the treaty for another year, plus a copy of a draft of the new revised treaty (in English only), dated October 1937. Also written in Arabic are several letters of correspondence between the Political Agent and the Sultan [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] (English translations are included).There is no material covering the period 1915-1930. The file reference, which is out of sequence with both preceding and subsequent files, appears to reflect an error in renumbering.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 320; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 31-317; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
135. 'File 8/65 COMMERCIAL TREATY 1891. MUSCAT ORDER-IN-Council. 1915'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume concerns the Commercial Treaty of 1891 between Britain and Muscat (spellings vary throughout), which was signed on 19 March 1891 and ratified on 20 February 1892. The volume features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Secretary of State for India; the Permanent Under-Secretary for India; the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India.Related matters of discussion include the following: proposed amendments to the initial treaty, which was executed by Colonel Edward Charles Ross, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, without the British Government's full authority, on 18 April 1890; proposals from the Secretary of State for India (Richard Assheton Cross, Viscount Cross) for the treaty, once amended, to be limited to a term of twelve years, after which it should be terminable at twelve months' notice; the conclusion of the amended treaty and the signing of a supplementary declaration, in which the Sultan of Muscat [Sayyid Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] pledges not to sell any portion of his territory to any party except the British Government; revisions and amendments to the original 1891 treaty, proposed in 1903 and 1911.In addition to correspondence, the volume includes the following treaty-related items: the Arabic text of the 1890 version of the treaty (ff 4-11); copies of the aforementioned declaration, written in English and Arabic, and dated 20 March 1891 (f 33); an English translation of a draft treaty, prepared by the Sultan in May 1911 (ff 60-88).Also discussed towards the end of the volume is the Muscat Order-in-Council (1915), a copy of which is included (ff 92-100).There is no material covering the periods 1892-1900, 1904-1910 and 1912-1914.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 103; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
136. 'File 8/66 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSCAT-PERSO TREATIES.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates both to a proposed Anglo-Persian treaty and to previous agreements between Muscat and Persia.The first half of the file concerns a non-aggression clause in a proposed treaty between Britain and Persia. In the clause the two parties agree to respect one another's territorial independence, including those territories described as being under each party's protection. The clause also implies that those territories agree to respect the territorial independence of the corresponding party. In Britain's case, Bahrain, Kuwait and Muscat are named as territories under its protection. The file contains correspondence between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd], concerning the granting of the Sultan's permission for Britain to sign the non-aggression clause on Muscat's behalf.The remaining half of the file documents the efforts of British officials to trace evidence of a reported treaty between Persia and Muscat from 1856.Notable correspondents besides those already mentioned include the following: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; John Charles Walton of the India Office. The Arabic language material consists of letters exchanged between the Political Agent and the Sultan (English translations are included).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 22; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
137. 'File 8/67 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSCAT – OMAN TREATY.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns a letter received by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat from Shaikh Isa bin Salih al Harthi [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥārthī], in which the Shaikh mentions that the Muscat Government, in the absence of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], has been contravening certain terms of the 1920 treaty [a treaty between the Sultan and the Omani tribes]. In addition to the Shaikh's letter (written in Arabic, with an added English translation), the file contains correspondence between the Political Agent and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, which discusses how the Political Agent should respond. The file concludes with the Political Agent's response to the Shaikh.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 10; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
138. 'File 8/65 II PROLONGATION of COMMERCIAL TREATY of 1891'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume relates to the prolongation of the Commercial Treaty (1891) between Britain and Muscat. The original treaty was given a term of twelve years and was renewed at regular intervals afterwards, initially for several years at a time, and later on an annual basis.The correspondence in this volume mainly concerns the replacement of the 1891 treaty with a new treaty. It includes extensive notes from British officials, examining each article of the proposed new treaty in turn. Proposed amendments to drafts of the new treaty are discussed at length. The principal correspondents are the following: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat (Major R P Watts); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the Secretary of State for India; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; officials of the India Office, the Foreign Office, and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.Included in the volume are the following items: a large draft document containing the articles of the 1891 treaty alongside those of the proposed new treaty, with comments in the margins from the Political Resident (ff 21-76); copies of provisional drafts of the new treaty (ff 142-176 and ff 200-232); notes on five meetings in London between the Sultan, the Political Resident, and J P Gibson of the India Office, in March/April 1938 (ff 177-198).The Arabic language material consists of a letter from the Sultan to the Political Agent (an English translation is included).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 235; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
139. ‘File 16/29 Miscellaneous. Iraq Treaties’
- Description:
- Abstract: A number of annexures to issues of the Iraq Government Gazette, published between June and July 1931:a treaty for the extradition of offenders between Iraq and Egypt, signed at Cairo on 20 April 1931 (ff 3-4);a treaty of friendship between Iraq and Transjordan [Jordan], signed at Amman on 26 March 1931 (f 5);a treaty of extradition between Iraq and Hejaz, Najd and Dependencies, signed at Mecca on 8 April 1931 (ff 6-7);a treaty of friendship and Bon Voisinagebetween Iraq and Hejaz, Najd and Dependencies, signed at Mecca on 7 April 1931 (ff 8-10).The file also includes letters exchanged in 1938 between the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave) and the Political Agency, originally sent with a copy of the Iraq Labour Law, not included in the file (ff 11-12). The file notes (f 13) refer to the 1938 correspondence only, and include remarks by Agency staff comparing the Iraq Labour Law’s chapter on compensation for death, injury and disease, to the Government of India’s Workmen’s Compensation Act.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 14; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-11; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
140. ‘Copy of a note from the British Envoy to H. E. Meerza Abul Hussan Khan Minister for Foreign Affairs’
- Description:
- Abstract: Copy of a note from the East India Company Envoy to Persia [Iran], Lieutenant-Colonel John Macdonald Kinneir, in Turkemanshee [Turkamanchay], to the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Meerza Abul Hussan Khan [Mīrzā Abū al-Ḥasan Khān Shīrāzī], of 26 February 1828. Macdonald Kinneir reports that he is ready to advance the sum of 200,000 tomans for the purpose of paying reparations owed to Russia as part of the peace treaty ending the war between Russia and Persia [Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828], in return for the abrogation of the third and fourth articles of the Definitive Treaty existing between Britain and Persia.This document was originally enclosed, numbered 7 in enclosure No. 7, in Macdonald Kinneir’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 16 March 1828 (IOR/L/PS/9/71/201).Physical description: 1 item (1 folio)
141. 'Text of Treaty, dated November 3, 1916, and ratified on March 23, 1918, between His Majesty's Government and Sheikh Abdullah-bin-Jasim-bin-Thani of al-Katar'
- Description:
- Abstract: This memorandum, printed by the India Office, is a copy of the English text of the 3 November 1913 treaty between Sheikh Abdullah-bin-Jasim-bin-Thani [Sheikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], ruler of al-Katar [Qatar], and His Majesty's Government, ratified on 23 March 1918. The preamble to the treaty mentions the 12 September 1868 treaty with Shaikh ‘Abdullāh's grandfather, Shaikh Mohammed-bin-Thani [Muḥammad bin Thānī], followed by eleven articles. The treaty is signed by Sheikh ‘Abdullāh; Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford; and Alfred Hamilton Grant, Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department.The text of the treaty is followed by two appendices: 'Appendix A. Translation of Letter addressed by Political Resident, Persian Gulf, to Sheikh Abdullah', signed by Cox at Al Bida [al-Bidda‘], and dated 3 November 1916 [6 Muḥarram 1335]; and 'Appendix B. Proclamation by Sheikh Abdullah regarding te Arms Traffic', signed by Sheikh ‘Abdullāh at al-Bida‘, and dated 6 Muḥarram 1334 (3 November 1916).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
142. ‘1/1 Volume V Koweit Saudi Relations’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and papers concerning negotiations over the drafting of trade, Bon Voisinageand extradition treaties between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, in an effort to lift the trade blockade, imposed upon Kuwait at the orders of the King of Saudi Arabia, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd). The volume is a direct chronological continuation of ‘1/1 Volume IV Koweit Saudi Relations’ (IOR/R/15/5/112), and includes:Multiple drafts in both Arabic and English of a ‘Regulation for the Control of Caravans and Traders between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia’.A copy of Al-Waqayah[Iraq Government Gazette] dated 1936 (ff 191-200), and a printed copy of the extradition agreement between Saudi Arabia and the Government of Iraq (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), dated 1931 (ff 201-207).Multiple drafts in both Arabic and English of Bon Voisinageand extradition treaties between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Kuwait Political Agent (Captain Gerald Simpson DeGaury); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard William Craven Fowle); the British Government’s Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (Andrew Ryan; Reader William Bullard); the Ruler of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ); Foreign and India Office representatives in London.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 318; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the first and last leading and ending flyleaves.Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 4-315, and ff 28-315; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
143. ‘1/1 Volume VI Kuwait Saudi Relations’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and papers concerning negotiations finalising trade, Bon Voisinageand extradition treaties between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, in an effort to lift the trade blockade, imposed upon Kuwait at the orders of the of King of Saudi Arabia, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd). The volume is a direct chronological continuation of ‘1/1 Volume V Koweit Saudi Relations’ (IOR/R/15/5/113), and includes:Multiple drafts in both Arabic and English of a trade agreement, and Bon Voisinageand extradition treaties between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.Correspondence amongst British officials regarding the finalisation of the wording of the various agreements and treaties, including modifications demanded by the Ruler of Kuwait and Saudi Government.Discussion amongst British officials of changes in Ibn Saud’s attitude towards the Rulers of Kuwait and Bahrain, and Ibn Saud’s response to the development of closer ties between Kuwait and Iraq.The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Kuwait Political Agent (Captain Gerald Simpson DeGaury; Major Arnold Crawshaw Galloway); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard William Craven Fowle); the British Government’s Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (Reader William Bullard); the Ruler of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ); India Office representatives in London (Roland Tennyson Peel; John Percival Gibson); Foreign Office representatives in London (Lacy Baggallay); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 246; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the first and last leading and ending flyleaves.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-243; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
144. ‘1/1 Volume VII Kuwait-Saudi Relations’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and papers concerning negotiations finalising and ratifying trade, ‘Friendship and Neighbourly Relations’ (referred to in previous correspondence on the subject as Bon Voisinage) and extradition treaties between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The volume is a direct chronological continuation of ‘1/1 Volume VI Kuwait Saudi Relations’ (IOR/R/15/5/114) and includes:Draft copies of the agreements, in both Arabic and English.Correspondence concerning the removal of article 7 of the Friendship and Neighbourly Relations agreement, relating to the nationality of tribes covered by the agreement, and subsequent efforts to draw up a list of tribes of Saudi and Kuwait nationality, to be added to the agreement in the form of a letter.The King of Saudi Arabia Ibn Saud’s [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] intention, articulated to the British Government in April 1940, to establish a customs post at Wafra [Al Wafrah], in the neutral zone between Kuwait and Saudi territory, and the Ruler of Kuwait’s [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ] opposition to the plan.Correspondence concerning final acceptance of the agreements in March 1942 (f 245) and arrangements for their signing and ratification in April 1942.A press communiqué dated 4 June 1942, announcing the signing of the agreements and their handover to the Ruler of Kuwait (f 264), and a further communiqué dated 5 May 1943, announcing the ratification of the agreements (f 277).The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Kuwait Political Agent (Major Arnold Crawshaw Galloway; Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson; Major Tom Hickinbotham); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior); the British Government’s Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (Reader William Bullard; Hugh Stonehewer Bird); the Ruler of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ).Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of volume one (ff 1-166) and terminates at the inside back cover of volume two (ff 167-295); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-294; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.